Activation of orexin system facilitates anesthesia emergence and pain control
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Although millions of procedures are performed under general anesthesia every year, we do not fully understand the mechanisms underlying anesthesia. Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus form one of the centers in the central nervous system involved in sleep–wake control. The orexin system has also been implicated in anesthesia. In this study, we specifically activated orexin neurons via a designer receptor that is exclusively activated by a designer drug, to test how activation of orexin neurons affects anesthesia recovery. We found that orexin neuronal activation can speed up wakeup and improve pain control as well. Our study suggests that the orexin system has the potential as a target for drug discovery to facilitate postprocedural recovery.
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Causal reactivation of some wake-promoting neurons during emergence has been explored with electrical, optogenetic, and chemogenetic methods in rodents and suggested in humans.
“the causal reactivation of some wake-promoting neurons during emergence from the anesthetic state has been explored using approaches such as electrical stimulation, optogenetics, and chemogenetics [115–118] in rodents and suggested in humans [119].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
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- Authors
- Zhou, W., Cheung, K., Kyu, S., Wang, L., Guan, Z., Kurien, P. A., Bickler, P. E., & Jan, L. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2018-10-22
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- E10740-E10747
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC6233126
- OpenAlex
- W2897738553
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 4.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS069229, NS100801)
- International Anesthesia Research Society (IMRA2016)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- orexin, emergence from anesthesia, pain management, orexin neurons, hypothalamus, chemogenetic activation, DREADD, hM3Dq, clozapine, postoperative recovery, thermal nociception, formalin test, sleep-wake regulation
- MeSH terms
- Orexins, Dependovirus, Anesthesia Recovery Period, Animals, Clozapine, Electroencephalography, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Vectors, Hot Temperature, Hypothalamus, Isoflurane, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Neurons, Pain, Pain Measurement, Serotonin Antagonists, Stereotaxic Techniques, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Mice, Orexin Receptors
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