Primate innate immune responses to bacterial and viral pathogens reveals an evolutionary trade-off between strength and specificity
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Abstract
Significance: Humans and our close evolutionary relatives respond differently to a large number of infections. Such differences are thought to result, at least in part, from interspecies differences in immune function. Here, we report on the whole-genome expression of blood leukocytes from four primate species responding to bacterial and viral stimulation. We show that apes mount a markedly stronger early transcriptional response to both viral and bacterial stimulation when compared to African and Asian monkeys. In addition, our findings suggest that apes activate a broader array of defense molecules that may be beneficial for early pathogen killing at the potential cost of increased energy expenditure and tissue damage. Our results provide insight into the evolution of immune responses in primates.
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Innate immune pathways in apes are markedly more sensitive than those in African and Asian monkeys.
“One clue to the poor predictability of animal models for human innate immune responses may lie in the finding that innate immune pathways in apes are markedly more sensitive than those in African and Asian monkeys.85”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
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Addressing missing context in regulatory variation across primate evolution
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- Authors
- Hawash, M. B. F., Sanz-Remón, J., Grenier, J.-C., Kohn, J., Yotova, V., Johnson, Z., Lanford, R. E., Brinkworth, J. F., & Barreiro, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Cairo University (EG)
- Departamento de Fiscia Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001, Zaragoza, Spain;
- Montreal Heart Institute (CA)
- Emory University (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CA)
- Illumina (United States) (US)
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brinkworth, Jessica F.
- Barreiro, Luis B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2021-03-26
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 13
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC8020666
- OpenAlex
- W3138538328
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Knowledge@UChicago (University of Chicago) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Chicago
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM134376)
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN/435917-2013)
- NSF | SBE | Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (NSF-BCS-1750675)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- innate immunity, human-chimpanzee comparison, rhesus monkeys, baboons, bacterial infection, viral infection, gene expression response, interferon response, inflammation, immunological specificity, evolutionary trade-offs, energy expenditure, tissue damage
- MeSH terms
- Exome Sequencing, RNA-Seq, Adult, Animals, Bacteria, Pan troglodytes, Energy Metabolism, Biological Evolution, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Macaca mulatta, Male, Middle Aged, Papio, Species Specificity, Viruses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Young Adult
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