Shock and Multiple-Organ Dysfunction after Self-Administration of Salmonella Endotoxin
Open accessAbstract
Endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is involved in the pathogenesis of septic shock, but it is unclear whether endotoxin alone is capable of causing all the manifestations of the septic shock syndrome. In animals, endotoxin causes many of the clinical features1 but produces a low-cardiac-output form of shock that is unlike the hyperdynamic cardiovascular profile of septic shock in humans2,3. In humans, the administration of endotoxin (4 ng per kilogram of body weight) triggers the release of cytokines,4 activates the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems,5,6 and causes a decrease in systemic vascular . . .
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The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 appears somewhat later, as the body attempts to control the acute systemic inflammatory response.
“The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 appears somewhat later, as the body attempts to control the acute systemic inflammatory response.”
From Into the Eye of the Cytokine Storm (2012) · cites this paper as [138]
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- Authors
- da Silva, A. M. T., Kaulbach, H. C., Chuidian, F. S., Lambert, D. R., Suffredini, A. F., & Danner, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1993-05-20
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 1457-1460
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2336331566
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
- Keywords
- endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, septic shock, multiple organ failure, hyperinflammation, cytokines, coagulation and fibrinolysis, systemic vascular resistance, Gram-negative bacteria
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Toxins, Endotoxins, Enterotoxins, Hemodynamics, Humans, Middle Aged, Salmonella, Shock, Septic, Syndrome, Cytokines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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