Analysis of biodiversity data suggests that mammal species are hidden in predictable places
Open accessAbstract
Significance: Only an estimated 1 to 10% of Earth’s species have been formally described. This discrepancy between the number of species with a formal taxonomic description and actual number of species (i.e., the Linnean shortfall) hampers research across the biological sciences. To explore whether the Linnean shortfall results from poor taxonomic practice or not enough taxonomic effort, we applied machine-learning techniques to build a predictive model to identify named species that are likely to contain hidden diversity. Results indicate that small-bodied species with large, climatically variable ranges are most likely to contain hidden species. These attributes generally match those identified in the taxonomic literature, indicating that the Linnean shortfall is caused by societal underinvestment in taxonomy rather than poor taxonomic practice.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Less speciose mammal taxa like Hyracoidea, Scandentia, Pilosa, Pholidota, Lagomorpha, and Perissodactyla that have received comparatively less taxonomic attention in the 21st century are also likely to contain cryptic species.
“However, less speciose mammal taxa like Hyracoidea, Scandentia, Pilosa, Pholidota, Lagomorpha, and Perissodactyla that have received comparatively less taxonomic attention in the 21st century are also likely to contain cryptic species (Parsons et al. 2022).”
From How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge (2025) · cites this paper as Parsons et al. 2022
The Results (Species Delimitation; page unavailable) support the general point that mammal species may contain hidden diversity, but identify Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Eulipotyphla as the orders expected to contain the majority. The copy does not make that prediction for the six named orders. The Discussion (Predictors of Hidden Species in Mammals; page unavailable) also associates hidden species with taxa more represented in recent taxonomic publications, rather than comparatively less attention. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans are predicted to be the largest sources of unrecognized mammal species despite high rates of new species recognition in these clades.
“Rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans are predicted to be the largest sources of unrecognized mammal species despite the high rate of new species recognition in these clades.”
From How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge (2025) · cites this paper as Parsons et al. 2022
Parsons et al. (2022) used mitochondrial genetic data from a subset of 4,310 mammal species to find that body mass and range size rank as the top predictors of unrecognized cryptic species.
“Parsons et al. (2022) used mitochondrial genetic data from a subset of 4,310 mammal species to find which covariates best predict unrecognized cryptic species, with body mass and range size ranking as the top predictors.”
From How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge (2025) · cites this paper as Parsons et al. 2022
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Breiman, L. (2001) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324 · Cited by 133,538 · see citing works
MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput
Edgar, R. C. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340 · Cited by 44,662 · see citing works
Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., & Jarvis, A. (2005) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.1276 · Cited by 19,860 · see citing works
jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing
Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R., & Posada, D. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2109 · Cited by 16,828 · see citing works
Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package
Kühn, M. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v028.i05 · Cited by 9,986 · see citing works
BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis
Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T. G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchêne, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kühnert, D., De Maio, N., et al. (2019) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650 · Cited by 4,556 · see citing works
Cryptic species as a window on diversity and conservation
Bickford, D., Lohman, D. J., Sodhi, N. S., Ng, P. K. L., Meier, R., Winker, K. S., Ingram, K. K., & Das, I. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.11.004 · Cited by 3,535 · see citing works
ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation
Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Brouillet, S., & Achaz, G. (2012) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05239.x · Cited by 2,939 · see citing works
The Split-Apply-Combine Strategy for Data Analysis
Wickham, H. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v040.i01 · Cited by 2,901 · see citing works
Sequence-Based Species Delimitation for the DNA Taxonomy of Undescribed Insects
Pons, J., Barraclough, T. G., Gómez‐Zurita, J., Cardoso, A., Duran, D. P., Hazell, S. P., Kamoun, S., Sumlin, W. D., & Vogler, A. P. (2006) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150600852011 · Cited by 2,791 · see citing works
Meta-analysis and the science of research synthesis
Gurevitch, J., Koricheva, J., Nakagawa, S., & Stewart, G. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25753 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Fujisawa, T., & Barraclough, T. G. (2013) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syt033 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Jones, K. E., Bielby, J., Cardillo, M., Fritz, S. A., O'Dell, J., Orme, C. D. L., Safi, K., Sechrest, W., Boakes, E. H., Carbone, C., et al. (2009) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/08-1494.1 · Cited by 1,662 · see citing works
Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000
Ellis, E. C., Klein Goldewijk, K., Siebert, S., Lightman, D., & Ramankutty, N. (2010) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
How to fail at species delimitation
Carstens, B. C., Pelletier, T. A., Reid, N. M., & Satler, J. D. (2013) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.12413 · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Self-citationUpham, N. S., Esselstyn, J. A., & Jetz, W. (2019) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
How many species of mammals are there?
Burgin, C. J., Colella, J. P., Kahn, P. L., & Upham, N. S. (2018) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx147 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
SPECIATION IN MAMMALS AND THE GENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT
Baker, R. J., & Bradley, R. D. (2006) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1644/06-mamm-f-038r2.1 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society
Suarez, A. V., & Tsutsui, N. D. (2004) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0066:tvomcf]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Delimiting Species without Monophyletic Gene Trees
Knowles, L. L., & Carstens, B. C. (2007) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150701701091 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Self-citationCryptic animal species are homogeneously distributed among taxa and biogeographical regions
Pfenninger, M., & Schwenk, K. (2007) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-121 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Can We Name Earth's Species Before They Go Extinct?
Costello, M. J., May, R., & Stork, N. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1230318 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Godfray, H. C. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/417017a · Cited by 545 · see citing works
DNA Barcoding Will Often Fail to Discover New Animal Species over Broad Parameter Space
Hickerson, M. J., Meyer, C., & Moritz, C. C. (2006) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150600969898 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Witt, J. D. S., Threloff, D. L., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2006) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02999.x · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Herbaria are a major frontier for species discovery
Bebber, D. P., Carine, M. A., Wood, J. R., Wortley, A. H., Harris, D. J., Prance, G. T., Davidse, G., Paige, J., Pennington, T. D., Robson, N. K. B., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011841108 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Titley, M. A., Snaddon, J. L., & Turner, E. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189577 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Recognizing the quiet extinction of invertebrates
Eisenhauer, N., Bonn, A., & Guerra, C. A. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07916-1 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Zachos, F. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44966-1 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Global Biodiversity Assessment.
Myers, N., & Heywood, V. H. (1996) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2261212 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Esselstyn, J. A., Evans, B. J., Sedlock, J. L., Khan, F. A. A., & Heaney, L. R. (2012) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0705 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics
Rédei, G. P. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Discoveries of new mammal species and their implications for conservation and ecosystem services
Ceballos, G., & Ehrlich, P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812419106 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Predicting plant conservation priorities on a global scale
Pelletier, T. A., Carstens, B. C., Tank, D. C., Sullivan, J. M., & Espíndola, A. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1804098115 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal trends and biases in new mammal species discoveries
Reeder, D. M., Helgen, K. M., & Wilson, D. E. (2007) · Occasional papers · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.156951 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
LINKING BIG: THE CONTINUING PROMISE OF EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS
Sidlauskas, B. L., Ganapathy, G., Hazkani‐Covo, E., Jenkins, K. P., Lapp, H., McCall, L. W., Price, S. A., Scherle, R., Spaeth, P. A., & Kidd, D. M. (2009) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00892.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Global analysis reveals that cryptic diversity is linked with habitat but not mode of life
Poulin, R., & de León, G. P. (2016) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13034 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Assessing the performance of DNA barcoding using posterior predictive simulations
Barley, A. J., & Thomson, R. C. (2016) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.13590 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Systematics: The Cohesive Nature of Bacterial Species Taxa
Cohan, F. M. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.033 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
wosr: Clients to the 'Web of Science' and 'InCites' APIs
Baker, C. (2018) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.wosr · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Estimating Global Biodiversity: The Role of Cryptic Insect Species
Li, X., & Wiens, J. J. (2022) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac069 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
How many species will Earth lose to climate change?
Wiens, J. J., & Zelinka, J. (2024) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.17125 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Harnessing artificial intelligence to fill global shortfalls in biodiversity knowledge
Pollock, L. J., Kitzes, J. A., Beery, S., Gaynor, K. M., Jarzyna, M. A., Aodha, O. M., Meyer, B. E., Rolnick, D., Taylor, G. W., Tuia, D., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00022-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Macroecological links between the Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls
Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F., Jardim, L., Guedes, J. J. M., Meyer, L., Stropp, J., Frateles, L. E. F., Pinto, R. B., Lohmann, L. G., Tessarolo, G., de Carvalho, C. J. B., et al. (2023) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/f5fbg59566 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Geographic and taxonomic biases in the vertebrate tree of life
Šmı́d, J. (2022) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.14491 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The relationship between geographic range size and rates of species diversification
Smyčka, J., Tószögyová, A., & Štorch, D. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41225-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
How taxonomic change influences forecasts of the Linnean shortfall (and what we can do about it)?
Lessa, T., Stropp, J., Hortal, J., & Ladle, R. J. (2024) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.14829 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., & Upham, N. S. (2025) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaf047 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Global Patterns of Taxonomic Uncertainty and its Impacts on Biodiversity Research
Guedes, J. J. M., Moura, M. R., Jardim, L., & Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ball, L., Rodríguez-Machado, S., Paredes-Burneo, D., Rutledge, S., Rutledge, S., Pluym, D. V., Babb-Biernacki, S. J., Chipps, A. S., Öztürk, R. Ç., Terzi̇, Y., et al. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18511 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
phylogatR : Phylogeographic data aggregation and repurposing
Pelletier, T. A., Parsons, D. J., Decker, S. K., Crouch, S., Franz, E., Ohrstrom, J., & Carstens, B. C. (2022) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13673 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTaxonomic uncertainty: causes, consequences, and metrics
Meyer, L., Ladle, R. J., Trad, R. J., Frazão, A., Frateles, L. E. F., Lessa, T., Pinto, R. B., Freitas, T. M. D. S., Tessarolo, G., Guedes, J. J. M., et al. (2026) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2025.12.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Macroecological correlates of Darwinian shortfalls across terrestrial vertebrates
Guedes, J. J. M., Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F., & Moura, M. R. (2024) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0216 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fonseca, B. D. S., Soto‐Centeno, J. A., Simmons, N. B., Ditchfield, A. D., & Leite, Y. L. R. (2024) · American Museum Novitates · doi:10.1206/4021.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Korshunova, T., & Martynov, A. V. (2024) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d16040220 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Updated list of the mammals of Costa Rica, with notes on recent taxonomic changes
Mora, J. M., & Ruedas, L. A. (2023) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zeng, Y., He, K., Chen, X., Bai, W., Lin, H., Chen, J., Nedyalkov, N., Yamaguchi, N., Vijayan, K., Suganthasakthivel, R., et al. (2024) · Integrative Zoology · doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12909 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Frateles, L. E. F., da Silva, N. J., Terribile, L. C., & Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F. (2024) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/zsc.12644 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cryptic species are widespread across vertebrates
Zhang, Y., & Wiens, J. J. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2377 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sun, S., & Kilner, R. M. (2024) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.10837 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Richness patterns in vertebrates are robust to the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls
Faurby, S., & Sandel, B. (2025) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.07467 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effects of the interaction between Linnean and Darwinian shortfalls on diversification gradients
Tavares, G. R. G., Frateles, L. E. F., & Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F. (2024) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/fob.17.131169 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Frateles, L. E. F., Tavares, G. R. G., Nakamura, G., da Silva, N. J., Terribile, L. C., & Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F. (2024) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.15014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Darwinian shortfall and macroecological patterns in genetic data of Tocantins-Araguaia basin fishes
Nakamura, G., Corvalán, L. C. J., de Souza, L. F. P., Frateles, L. E. F., Tavares, G. R. G., Pereira, J. C., da Silva, D. O., Barragán-Ruiz, C. E., Breseghello, F., Suzigan, N. M., et al. (2025) · Neotropical Ichthyology · doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0047 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lwin, Y. H., Wang, L., Li, G., & Quan, R. (2023) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110188 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Computer Vision Method for Finding Mislabelled Specimens Within Natural History Collections
Hollister, J. D., Martin, G., Cai, X., Horton, T., Powell, O., Sterling, M. J., Turnbull, G., Price, B. W., & Fenberg, P. B. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.71648 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Predicting genetic biodiversity in salamanders using geographic, climatic, and life history traits
Parsons, D. J., Green, A. E., Carstens, B. C., & Pelletier, T. A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310932 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAbreu, E. F., do Prado, J. R., Maldonado, J. E., Wilson, D. E., Percequillo, A. R., & Pavan, S. E. D. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Identification of non-model mammal species using the MinION DNA sequencer from Oxford Nanopore
Restrepo, S. V., Orozco, M. C., Franco‐Sierra, N. D., Martínez-Cerón, J. M., & Díaz‐Nieto, J. F. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17887 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Umbrello, L. S., Westerman, M., Travouillon, K. J., Blacket, M. J., Cameron, S. F., Mulder, E., & Baker, A. M. (2026) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Historical shifts, geographic biases, and biological constraints shape mammal species discovery
Moroti, M. D. T., Guedes, J. J. M., Missio, G. M., Diegues, G. L., Bezerra, A. M. R., & Moura, M. R. (2026) · Journal of Systematics and Evolution · doi:10.1111/jse.70040 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nations, J. A., Handika, H., Mursyid, A., Busta, R. D., Apandi, A., Achmadi, A. S., & Esselstyn, J. A. (2024) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad126 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jenkins, D. G., Bevan, H. R., Chen, W., Hart, J. D., Lindsay, A., Macamo, L., Negash, M., Ohyama, L., Pandolfi, A., & Zaragoza, G. (2024) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/f5fbg61681 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
McLean, B. S., Rickart, E. A., Cook, J. A., Guralnick, R., Burgin, C., & Lohr, K. (2024) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyae135 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The ethological shortfall: case study of an endangered shorebird
Miller, E. H., Tomkovich, P. S., Arkhipov, V. Y., & Vyn, G. (2025) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-bja10299 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Decker, S. K., Provost, K. L., & Carstens, B. C. (2025) · Frontiers of Biogeography · doi:10.21425/fob.18.139911 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationUnrecognized lineages transform our understanding of diversification in a clade of lizardsPreprint
Bragg, J. G., Potter, S., Silva, A. C. A., Blom, M. P. K., Hoskin, C. J., Ogilvie, H. A., & Moritz, C. C. (2024) · doi:10.32942/x2j043 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aplin, K. P., Armstrong, K. N., Aplin, L. M., Jenkins, P. D., Ingleby, S., & Donnellan, S. C. (2025) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5566.3.5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Monitoring zoonoses to prevent future outbreaks and pandemics
Liu, H., Zhou, J., & Shi, W. (2025) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2025.10.015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An anthrome-based perspective of the traditional biogeographic units: Argentina as a case study
Katinas, L., Derguy, M. R., & Guerrero, E. L. (2025) · Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/03091333251409651 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vijayan, T., Meimberg, H., & Kumar, B. (2026) · Mitochondrial DNA Part A · doi:10.1080/24701394.2026.2648118 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From Mountain Birth to Mammalian Marvels: A Review of the Himalayas' Role in Mammalian Biogeography
Sharma, B., & Hope, A. G. (2026) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.70216 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Global Diversity Estimates Need to Acknowledge Species–Area Relationships
Faurby, S., Matthews, T. J., & Silvestro, D. (2026) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.70267 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Subspecies taxonomy reflects social and geographic patterns of taxonomic effort in tetrapods
Guedes, J. J. M., Diniz‐Filho, J. A. F., Freitas, A. V. L., & Moura, M. R. (2026) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.70356 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Global Conservation Prioritisation Approach Provides Credible Results at a Regional Scale
Roswell, M., & Espíndola, A. (2025) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.13969 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deconstructing the latitudinal diversity gradient of North American mammals by nominal order
Meltesen, K. M., Whiting, E. T., Pinto‐Ledezma, J. N., Cicak, T. S., & Fox, D. L. (2023) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyad042
Environmental and geographic drivers of global bat phylogenetic diversityPreprint
Green, A. E., Acevedo, C. A. C., Soto‐Centeno, J. A., & Pelletier, T. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.18.636314
Self-citationCarrillo-Restrepo, J. C., Jansa, S. A., & Díaz‐Nieto, J. F. (2025) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyaf010
How many species exist, really
Costello, M. J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-14082-2.00168-x
Paul, M. J., Moreira, M. O., Liz, A. V., Decker, S. K., Moritz, C. C., Carstens, B. C., & Carvalho, S. B. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755451
Self-citationSubstantial Neotropical bat diversity likely remains undescribed and vulnerable to extinction
Esquivel, D. A., Penagos, A. P., Feijó, A., & Pereira, M. J. R. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-78393-0
- Authors
- Parsons, D. J., Pelletier, T. A., Wieringa, J. G., Duckett, D. J., & Carstens, B. C.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Radford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carstens, Bryan C.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2022-03-28
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- e2103400119-e2103400119
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC9168487
- OpenAlex
- W4220793638
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DBI1661029, DBI1910623, DBI-1911293)
- Ohio Supercomputer Center (PA11174)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Keywords
- Linnean shortfall, hidden species, mammals, species description, taxonomic effort, body size, species distribution, biodiversity data
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mammals, Phylogeny, Biodiversity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
