Eumetazoan fossils in terminal Proterozoic phosphorites?
Open accessAbstract
Phosphatic sedimentary rocks preserve a record of early animal life different from and complementary to that provided by Ediacaran fossils in terminal Proterozoic sandstones and shales. Phosphorites of the Doushantuo Formation, South China, contain eggs, egg cases, and stereoblastulae that document animals of unspecified phylogenetic position; small fossils containing putative spicules may specifically record the presence of sponges. Microfossils recently interpreted as the preserved gastrulae of cnidarian and bilaterian metazoans can alternatively be interpreted as conventional algal cysts and/or egg cases modified by diagenetic processes known to have had a pervasive influence on Doushantuo phosphorites. Regardless of this interpretation, evidence for Doushantuo eumetazoans is provided by millimeter-scale tubes that display tabulation and apical budding characteristic of some Cnidaria, especially the extinct tabulates. Like some Ediacaran remains, these small, benthic, colonial fossils may represent stem-group eumetazoans or stem-group cnidarians that lived in the late Proterozoic ocean.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Tabulates, an extinct crown group anthozoan form, are present in the same deposits.
“We confirm in detail an earlier report of the presence in the same deposits of tabulates, an extinct crown group anthozoan form.”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2000
Sinocyclocyclicus guizhouensis is closely similar to Paleozoic tabulates.
“both scanning EMs of three-dimensional fossils etched out of the limestone by acid treatment and images obtained from rock sections reveal the close similarity of this form to Paleozoic tabulates (Xiao et al., 2000).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2000
Those fossils were assigned to tabulates, an extinct group known from Cambrian and later Paleozoic rocks.
“These fossils were identified as tabulates, an extinct form previously known from Cambrian and later Paleozoic deposits.”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2000
An adult cnidarian fossil was identified in the Doushantuo phosphorites.
“A fossil adult cnidarian form was also recognized in the Doushantuo phosphorites (Xiao et al., 2000).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2000
Sinocyclocyclicus is most likely a stem-group tabulate, differing from Paleozoic tabulates by its small size and absence of external mineralization.
“Most likely it is a stem-group tabulate which differs from Paleozoic tabulates in its small size and lack of external mineralization.”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al. (2000)
Sinocyclocyclicus was a colonial coral-like animal, probably soft-bodied, consisting of tubes divided into chambers about 10-16 μm apart by cross-walls (tabulae).
“Sinocyclocyclicus was a colonial coral-like animal, probably soft bodied, consisting of tubes that are divided into a series of chambers about 10 -16 m apart by cross-walls (tabulae).”
From Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China (2002) · cites this paper as Xiao et al., 2000
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Three-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite
Xiao, S., Zhang, Y., & Knoll, A. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35318 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Self-citationBiostratigraphic and Geochronologic Constraints on Early Animal Evolution
Grotzinger, J. P., Bowring, S. A., Saylor, B. Z., & Kaufman, A. J. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5236.598 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Precambrian Sponges with Cellular Structures
Li, C.-W., Chen, J.-Y., & Hua, T.-E. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.879 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa.
Ghiselin, M. T., Simonetta, A. M., & Morris, S. C. (1993) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.2307/2992562 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Walter, M. R., Veevers, J. J., Calver, C. R., Gorjan, P., & Hill, A. C. (2000) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00082-0 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Martin, M. W., Grazhdankin, D. V., Bowring, S. A., Evans, D. A. D., Fedonkin, M. A., & Kirschvink, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5467.841 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: molecular and morphological evidence.
Bridge, D. M., Cunningham, C., DeSalle, R., & Buss, L. W. (1995) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040246 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
The early evolution of metazoa and the significance of problematic taxa
Seilacher, A. (1993) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90065-q · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Fossil preservation in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorite Lagerstätte, South China
Xiao, S., & Knoll, A. H. (1999) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00541.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China
Chen, J.-Y., Oliveri, P., Li, C.-W., Zhou, G.-Q., Gao, F., Hagadorn, J. W., Peterson, K. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Knoll, A. H., Grotzinger, J. P., Kaufman, A. J., & Kolosov, P. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00081-2 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Palaeozoic corals, I: origins and relationships
Scrutton, C. T. (1997) · Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society · doi:10.1144/pygs.51.3.177 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Bengtson, S. (1976) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1976.tb00966.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The Phylum Vendobionta: a sister group of the Eumetazoa?
Buss, L. W., & Seilacher, A. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300011088 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Trace fossils, small shelly fossils and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary
Landing, Narbonne, G. M., Myrow, P. M., & Matthew, G. F. (1988) · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Exceptional preservation in calcareous nodules
Muller, K. J. (1985) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0139 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Xunlai, Y., & Hofmann, H. J. (1998) · Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/03115519808619200 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Stephanoscyphus (Scyphozoa, Coronatae) und seine direkte Abstammung von den fossilen Conulata
Werner, B. (1966) · Helgoland Marine Research · doi:10.1007/bf01611953 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
New data on the morphology of Sphenothallus Hall: implications for its affinities
Iten, H. V., Cox, R. S., & Mapes, R. H. (1992) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01378.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microfossils from a Proterozoic/Phanerozoic transition in China
Awramik, S. M., Mcmenamin, D. L. S., Chongyu, Y., Ziqiang, Z., Qixiu, D., & Zhang, S. (1985) · Nature · doi:10.1038/315655a0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin, United States
HAGADORN, J. W., & WAGGONER, B. (2000) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000031553 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationAnatomy, patterns of occurrence, and nature of the conulariid schott
Iten, H. V. (1991) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Interpreting Late Precambrian Microfossils
Zhang, Y. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5395.1783a · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Helgolander wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen
McIntyre, A. D., & Kinel, O. (1978) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/3693 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Szmant-Froelich, A. (1974) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00394365 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Lee, D., & Elias, R. J. (2000) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000031681 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Best, J. A., Barazangi, M., Al-Saad, D., Sawaf, T., & Gebran, A. (1990) · Geology · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 31 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 37
- [1]Xiao, S., Yuan, X., Steiner, M. & Knoll, A. H. (2000) J. Paleontol., in press.
- [2]Xiao S, Zhang Y, Knoll A H. Nature (London) 1998;391:553–558. [Google Scholar]
- [3]Zhang Y, Yin L, Xiao S, Knoll A H. Paleontological Soc Memoir. 1998;50:1–52. [Google Scholar]
- [5]Xue Y, Zhou C, Tang T. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 1999;16:1–4. [Google Scholar]
- [6]Xiao S, Knoll A H. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 1999;16:313–323. [Google Scholar]
- [8]Grotzinger J P, Bowring S A, Saylor B Z, Kaufman A J. Science. 1995;270:598–604. [Google Scholar]
- [10]Walter M R, Veevers J J, Calver C R, Gorjan P, Hill A C. Precambrian Res. 2000;100:371–433. [Google Scholar]
- [13]Tang T, Zhang J, Jiang X. Acta Stratigraphica Sinica. 1978;2:32–45. [Google Scholar]
- [14]Brasier M, Green O, Shields G. Geology. 1997;25:303–306. [Google Scholar]
- [15]Zhao Z, Xing Y, Ding Q, Liu G, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Meng X, Yin C, Ning B, Han P. The Sinian System of Hubei. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press; 1988. [Google Scholar]
- [16]Zhao Z, Xing Y, Ma G, Chen Y. Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Gorge Area, (1) Sinian. Beijing: Geological Publishing House; 1985. [Google Scholar]
- [17]Awramik S M, McMenamin D S, Yin C, Zhao Z, Ding Q, Zhang S. Nature (London) 1985;315:655–658. [Google Scholar]
- [18]Chen M, Xiao Z. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 1992;31:513–529. [Google Scholar]
- [19]Conway Morris S, Robison R A. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions. 1988;122:23–84. [Google Scholar]
- [21]Xiao S, Knoll A H. J Paleontol. 2000;74:767–788. [Google Scholar]
- [22]Zhang Y, Yuan X, Yin L. Science. 1998;282:1783. [Google Scholar]
- [24]Zhu M, Qian Y, Jiang Z, He T. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 1996;13:241–254. [Google Scholar]
- [25]Müller K J. Philos Trans R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci. 1985;311:67–73. [Google Scholar]
- [26]Bengtson S. Lethaia. 1976;9:185–206. [Google Scholar]
- [27]Huesken T-C, Eiserhardt K-H. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. 1996;40:445–455. [Google Scholar]
- [28]Martill D M, Wilby P R. Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträger Naturgeschichte. 1994;4:71–77. [Google Scholar]
- [29]Yuan X, Hofmann H J. Alcheringa. 1998;22:189–222. [Google Scholar]
- [30]Xue Y-s, Tang T-f, Yu C-l. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 1992;31:530–539. [Google Scholar]
- [31]Li G, Xue Y, Zhou C. PalaeoWorld. 1997;7:29–37. [Google Scholar]
- [32]Barnes R D. Bull Mar Sci. 1977;27:340–343. [Google Scholar]
- [33]Hill D. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part F, Coelenterata, Supplement 1, Rugosa and Tabulata, 2. Teichert C, editor. Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas; 1981. pp. F430–F669. [Google Scholar]
- [34]Lee D-J, Elias R J. J Paleontol. 2000;74:404–425. [Google Scholar]
- [35]Hartman W D, Goreau T F. Zoological Soc London Symposia. 1970;25:205–243. [Google Scholar]
- [36]Reitner J. Berliner Geowissenshaftliche Abhandlungen. 1992;1:1–352. [Google Scholar]
- [37]Cornelius P F S. North-west European Thecate Hydroids and Their Medusae: Keys and Notes for Identification of the Species, Part 2. Shrewsbury, England: Field Studies Council; 1995. [Google Scholar]
- [38]Szmant-Froelich A. Marine Biol. 1974;27:299–306. [Google Scholar]
- [39]Bischoff G C O. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 1978;59:229–273. [Google Scholar]
- [40]Scrutton C T. Proc Yorkshire Geol Soc. 1997;51:177–208. [Google Scholar]
- [42]van Iten H. Palaeontology. 1991;34:939–954. [Google Scholar]
- [43]van Iten H, Cox R S, Mapes R H. Lethaia. 1992;25:135–144. [Google Scholar]
- [45]Buss L, Seilacher A. Paleobiology. 1994;20:1–4. [Google Scholar]
- [46]Hofmann H J, Narbonne G M, Aitken J D. Geology. 1990;18:1199–1202. [Google Scholar]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life
Benton, M. J., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2006) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msl150 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
“…that provides a sampling of Ediacaran diversity in a (Yuanetal.2002;Xiaoetal.2005);although anumberofcandidatebilaterianshavebeendescribedfrom thisdeposit(Chenetal.2000,2002,2004a,2004b),thesehave notwithstoodscrutiny(Xiaoetal.2000;Bengtson2003; BengtsonandBudd2004;Raffetal.2006;Donoghueetal.”
BackgroundPeterson, K. J., & Eernisse, D. J. (2001) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.003003170.x · Cited by 529 · see citing works
“Second, Chen et al. (2000; but see Xiao et al. 2000) describe fossils that appear to be remarkably similar to modern indirect-developing bilaterians.”
BackgroundSteiner, M., Li, G., Qian, Y., Zhu, M., & Erdtmann, B.-D. (2007) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.046 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Integrated Ediacaran (Sinian) chronostratigraphy of South China
Zhu, M., Zhang, J., & Yang, A. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.025 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Dorozhkin, S. V. (2011) · Biomatter · doi:10.4161/biom.18790 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale
Knoll, A. H., Walter, M. R., Narbonne, G. M., & Christie‐Blick, N. (2006) · Lethaia · doi:10.1080/00241160500409223 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
“The oldest unambiguous records of animal life are eggs, embryos and camerate tubes found in phosphorites of the Doushantuo Formation, China, that lie stratigraphically above Nantuo diamictites (Xiao and Knoll, 2000; Xiao et al., 2000); Barfod et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationExceptional Fossil Preservation and the Cambrian Explosion
Butterfield, N. J. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.166 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
The last common bilaterian ancestor
Erwin, D. H., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.13.3021 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos
Donoghue, P. C. J., Bengtson, S., Dong, X.-P., Gostling, N. J., Huldtgren, T., Cunningham, J. A., Yin, C., Zhao, Y. J., Peng, F., & Stampanoni, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04890 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian
Chen, J.-Y., Bottjer, D. J., Oliveri, P., Dornbos, S. Q., Gao, F., Ruffins, S., Chi, H., Li, C.-W., & Davidson, E. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099213 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
Benton, M., Donoghue, P., Vinther, J., Asher, R., Friedman, M., & Near, T. (2015) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/424 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“The oldest possible record of a cnidarian is Sinocyclocyclicus guizhouensis from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (Xiao et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2008) but the evidence of its affinity to Cnidaria amounts to little more than its tabular structure, which is reminiscent of tabulate corals.”
BackgroundSawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Tahata, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Windley, B. F., Han, J., Shu, D., & Li, Y. (2009) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2009.10.006 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
New Lu–Hf and Pb–Pb age constraints on the earliest animal fossils
Barfod, G. H., Albarède, F., Knoll, A. H., Xiao, S., Télouk, P., Frei, R., & Baker, J. (2002) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00687-8 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“South China, contains exquisitely preserved eggs and embryos produced by animals of unknown taxonomic a⁄nities [3,4], possible sponges [5], and branching camerate tubes thought to have been produced by stem cnidarians or, perhaps, stem eumetazoans [ 6 ].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCalcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties
Dorozhkin, S. V. (2015) · Progress in Biomaterials · doi:10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“…is found in natural phos- phorites predominantly as fossil bones and phosphatized microbial pseudomorphs: phosphatic crusts of chasmolithic biofilms (or microstromatolites) and globular clusters with intra-particular porosities (Elorza et al. 1999; Hubert et al. 2005; Xiao et al. 1998, 2000).”
BackgroundBiological Physics of the Developing Embryo
Forgacs, G., & Newman, S. A. (2005) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511755576 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“It is significant, therefore, that such structures have been found in Ediacaran-period sediments dating from ∼ 600 Ma unaccompanied by the ‘‘adult” metazoan forms characteristic of the later Cambrian period (Xiao and Knoll, 2000; Xiao et al., 2000; Chen, J. -Y., et al., 2004).”
Ediacaran δ13C chemostratigraphy of South China
Zhou, C., & Xiao, S. (2006) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.021 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationSponge grade body fossil with cellular resolution dating 60 Myr before the Cambrian
Yin, Z., Zhu, M., Davidson, E. H., Bottjer, D. J., Zhao, F., & Tafforeau, P. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1414577112 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
“However, reported Doushantuo microfossils include small tubular cnidarians (24, 25) and a small bilaterian form, Vernanimalcula (26), of which multiple fossils have been recovered (27).”
BackgroundThe case for a Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event: Geochemical evidence and biological consequences
Shields, G., & Och, L. M. (2011) · GSA Today · doi:10.1130/gsatg102a.1 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“The oldest undisputed traces of modern animal groups— trace fossils, sponge remains, and calcified tubes (of stemgroup cnidarians; see Xiao et al., 2000)—are at ca. 555 Ma, 20 million years older than the oldest animal fossils (trilobites) known to Darwin.”
BackgroundEvidence of giant sulphur bacteria in Neoproterozoic phosphorites
Bailey, J. V., Joye, S. B., Kalanetra, K. M., Flood, B. E., & Corsetti, F. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05457 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Chuanming, Z., Xie, G., McFadden, K. A., Xiao, S., & Xunlai, Y. (2006) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.1062 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“…including algal thalli, acanthomorphic acritarchs, animal embryos, possible tubular cnidarians and putative microbilaterians (Li et al. 1998; Xiao et al. 1998, 2000; Yuan and Hofmann 1998; Zhang et al. 1998; Chen et al. 2000, 2002, 2004a, 2006; Xiao and Knoll 2000; Yin et al. 2004;…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCellular and Subcellular Structure of Neoproterozoic Animal Embryos
Hagadorn, J. W., Xiao, S., Donoghue, P. C. J., Bengtson, S., Gostling, N. J., Pawlowska, M., Raff, E. C., Raff, R. A., Turner, F. R., Chongyu, Y., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1133129 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationNarbonne, G. M., Xiao, S., Shields, G., & Gehlîng, J. G. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00018-4 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationBefore programs: The physical origination of multicellular forms
Newman, S. A., Forgács, G., & Müller, G. B. (2006) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.052049sn · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“It is significant, therefore, that such structures have been found in Ediacaran period sediments dating from ~600 Ma, unaccompanied by the complex metazoan forms characteristic of the later Cambrian period (Chen et al., 2004, Xiao and Knoll, 2000, Xiao et al., 2000).”
BackgroundSkeletogenesis and asexual reproduction in the earliest biomineralizing animal Cloudina
Hua, H., Chen, Z., Yuan, X., Zhang, L., & Xiao, S. (2005) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g21198.1 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationProterozoic Modular Biomineralized Metazoan from the Nama Group, Namibia
Wood, R. A., Grotzinger, J. P., & Dickson, J. A. D. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071599 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The origin of animals: Can molecular clocks and the fossil record be reconciled?
Cunningham, J. A., Liu, A. G., Bengtson, S., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2017) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201600120 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“Reports of Neoproterozoic crown-group animals (members of the group that contains all the descendants of the last common ancestor of living animals) include members of crown-bilaterian phyla [12, 13], bilaterians [14–16], ctenophores [17], cnidarians [18–21], eumetazoans [18, 22], and sponges [23–25].”
BackgroundXiao, S., Knoll, A. H., Yuan, X., & Pueschel, C. M. (2004) · American Journal of Botany · doi:10.3732/ajb.91.2.214 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes
Xiao, S., Muscente, A. D., Chen, L., Zhou, C., Schiffbauer, J. D., Wood, A. D., Polys, N. F., & Yuan, X. (2014) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwu061 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“[49-55], putative sponge embryos [56, 57], tubular cnidarian fossils [58-64], and putative bilaterian animals and their embryos [65-74].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHuldtgren, T., Cunningham, J. A., Yin, C., Stampanoni, M., Marone, F., Donoghue, P. C. J., & Bengtson, S. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209537 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
On the coevolution of Ediacaran oceans and animals
Shen, Y.-N., Zhang, T.-G., & Hoffman, P. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802168105 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Precambrian Animal Life: Probable Developmental and Adult Cnidarian Forms from Southwest China
Chen, J.-Y., Oliveri, P., Gao, F., Dornbos, S. Q., Li, C.-W., Bottjer, D. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0714 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“A fossil adult cnidarian form was also recognized in the Doushantuo phosphorites (Xiao et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialBirth and early evolution of metazoans
Shu, D., Isozaki, Y., Zhang, X., Han, J., & Maruyama, S. (2014) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.09.001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“A couple of microtubes from theWeng'an biota (Ediacaran 3) are considered to be cnidarian affinities (Xiao et al., 2000; Chen, 2004).”
BackgroundXiao, S., Zhou, C., Liu, P., Wang, D., & Yuan, X. (2014) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/12-157r · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“…postulated that Helicoforamina may represent an ontogenetic bridge between Megasphaera ornata and the curved tubular fossil Sinocyclocyclicus guizhouensis, the latter of which has been interpreted as a stem-group cnidarian (Xiao et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2008) or an anthozoan (Chen et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationXiao, S., Hu, J., Yuan, X., Parsley, R. L., & Cao, R. (2005) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2002.02.001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Xiao et al. / Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220 (2005) 89–117 90”
BackgroundSelf-citationMüller, W. E. G., Wang, X., Cui, F., Jochum, K. P., Tremel, W., Bill, J., Schröder, H. C., Natálio, F., Schloßmacher, U., & Wiens, M. (2009) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2014-8 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“They already existed in pre-Ediacaran sponges and represent a general and basic morphological character until today (Xiao et al. 2000).”
BackgroundCambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals
Shu, D. (2008) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.08.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The earliest fossil record of the animals and its significance
Budd, G. E. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2232 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“On the other hand, the Doushantuo Fm has once again generated a material of interest, especially the branching tabulate form Sinocyclocyclicus (Xiao et al. 2000), material that, although potentially algal, does display a set of characters that are compatible with cnidarian affinities (figure 3b).”
BackgroundEarly Cambrian metazoan fossil record of South China: Generic diversity and radiation patterns
Li, G., Steiner, M., Zhu, X., Yang, A., Wang, H., & Erdtmann, B. D. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.017 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased
Donoghue, P. C. J., Kouchinsky, A. V., Waloszek, D., Bengtson, S., Dong, X.-P., Val'kov, A. K., Cunningham, J. A., & Repetski, J. E. (2006) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00093.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“…1999; Chen et al. 2004; Dong et al. 2004; Hua et al. 2004; Steiner et al. 2004a, b; Dong et al. 2005) and late Neoproterozoic age (Li et al. 1998; Xiao et al. 1998, 2000; Xiao and Knoll 1999, 2000; Zhang et al. 1998;Yin et al. 2001, 2004; Xiao 2002; Chi et al. 2003; Yuan et al. 2002) (for a…”
BackgroundYao, J., Xiao, S., Yin, L., Li, G., & Yuan, X. (2005) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00484.x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“It has been interpreted as a stem group cnidarian (Xue et al. 1992; Xiao et al. 2000; Chen et al. 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTahata, M., Ueno, Y., Ishikawa, T., Sawaki, Y., Murakami, K., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y., Guo, J., Yoshida, N., et al. (2012) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.04.005 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Comment on "Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian"
Bengtson, S., & Budd, G. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1101338 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Yang, B., Steiner, M., Zhu, M., Li, G., Liu, J., & Liu, P. (2016) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.09.016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Xiao, S., McFadden, K. A., Peek, S., Kaufman, A. J., Zhou, C., Jiang, G., & Hu, J. (2011) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.021 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationExperimental taphonomy shows the feasibility of fossil embryos
Raff, E. C., Villinski, J. T., Turner, F. R., Donoghue, P. C. J., & Raff, R. A. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601536103 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
McCall, G. J. H. (2006) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.08.004 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Cell differentiation and germ–soma separation in Ediacaran animal embryo-like fossils
Chen, L., Xiao, S., Pang, K., Zhou, C., & Yuan, X. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13766 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, P., Xiao, S., Yin, C., Chen, S., Zhou, C., & Li, M. (2014) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/13-009 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“4–6; XIAO, YUAN, AND KNOLL, 2000, fig.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIten, H. V., Marques, A. C., Leme, J. D. M., Pacheco, M. L. A. F., & Simões, M. G. (2014) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/pala.12116 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Among the putative eumetazoans are four genera of possible anthozoans: Crassitubus, Quadratitubus, Ramitubus and Sinocyclocyclicus (Xiao et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2008).”
BackgroundApplication of bioactive glasses in various dental fields
Jafari, N., Habashi, M. S., Hashemi, A., Shirazi, R., Tanideh, N., & Tamadon, A. (2022) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-022-00274-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Marine sponges are considered to be the earliest multicellular animals that exist at least since the late Proterozoic [134, 135].”
BackgroundNew Early Cambrian bilaterian embryos and larvae from China
Steiner, M., Zhu, M., Li, G., Qian, Y., & Erdtmann, B. (2004) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g20567.1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Dong, L., Xiao, S., Shen, B., Zhou, C., Li, G., & Yao, J. (2008) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/07-147r.1 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Sinocyclocyclicus guizhouensis Xue et al., 1992 is most similar to M. longus except the former has greater diameter and flat cross-walls (Xue et al., 1992; S. Xiao et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationChen, D., Dong, W. Q., Zhu, B., & Chen, X. P. (2004) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2004.02.005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Kikumoto, R., Tahata, M., Nishizawa, M., Sawaki, Y., Maruyama, S., Shu, D.-G., Han, J., Komiya, T., Takai, K., & Ueno, Y. (2014) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.06.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Cambrian Fossil Record and the Origin of the Phyla
Budd, G. E. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.157 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Liu, A. G., Matthews, J. J., Menon, L. R., McIlroy, D., & Brasier, M. D. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1202 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Fossils from the Late Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation have been tentatively compared to tabulates [112,113] and hydrozoans [10].”
BackgroundNatural marine sponges for bone tissue engineering: The state of art and future perspectives
Granito, R. N., Custódio, M. R., & Rennó, A. C. M. (2016) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33706 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“They are considered representatives of the first multicellular animals, with origins dated at least from the late Proterozoic, over 580 million years ago.(19) They are filter-feeding organisms with an extremely effective and complex network of water-conducting channels and chambers lined with flagellated cells, the ch…”
BackgroundXiao, S., Hagadorn, J. W., Zhou, C., & Yuan, X. (2007) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g23277a.1 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationSteiner, M., Qian, Y., Li, G., Hagadorn, J. W., & Zhu, M. (2013) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.016 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Phosphatized Polar Lobe-Forming Embryos from the Precambrian of Southwest China
Chen, J.-Y., Bottjer, D. J., Davidson, E. H., Dornbos, S. Q., Gao, X., Yang, Y.-H., Li, C.-W., Li, G., Wang, X.-Q., Xian, D.-C., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1125964 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Liu, P., Xiao, S., Yin, C., Zhou, C., Gao, L., & Tang, F. (2008) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00762.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Similarly, some egg or embryo envelopes also show brittle fractures (e.g. Xiao et al. 2000, fig.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDoushantuo Fossils: Life on the Eve of Animal Radiation
Luo, Z. (2005) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1040:r]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Other workers (Bengtson, 1998; Xiao et al., 2000) sup ported the idea that some poriferans may have been present in the Doushantuo biota.”
BackgroundGrowth, decay and burial compaction ofDickinsonia, an iconic Ediacaran fossil
Retallack, G. J. (2007) · Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/03115510701484705 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Cambrian "explosion" of metazoans and molecular biology: would Darwin be satisfied?
Conway-Morris, S. (2003) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.14756326 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“This latter analysis has been received with justified caution (Xiao et al., 2000), but undeterred Chen et al. (2002) have presented further claims for phosphatized embryos showing such features as blastopores and internal cellular structures.”
Weber, B., Steiner, M., & Zhu, M. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.021 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hong, H., Zhe, C., & Xunlai, Y. (2007) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.1077 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cartwright, P., & Collins, A. (2007) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icm071 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“The best evidence for the earliest cnidarians comes from fossil tubes of the Doushantuo, dated to about 570 Ma (Xiao et al. 2000), but the subsequent record of Cnidaria through the Cambrian and the rest of the Phanerozoic is fragmented, considering the breadth of known extant diversity.”
BackgroundThe anatomy, affinity, and phylogenetic significance of Markuelia
Dong, X., Donoghue, P. C. J., Cunningham, J. A., Liu, J., & Cheng, H. (2005) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2005.05050.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Prelude to the Cambrian Explosion
Valentine, J. W. (2002) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.082901.092917 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The origin of intracellular structures in Ediacaran metazoan embryos
Schiffbauer, J. D., Xiao, S., Sharma, K. S., & Wang, G. (2012) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g32546.1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationDornbos, S. Q., Bottjer, D. J., CHEN, J.-Y., Gao, F., Oliveri, P., & Li, C.-W. (2006) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2004.p04-37 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“…is undeniable, an assortment of other potential phosphatized fossils also has been described recently from the Doushantuo phosphorites, including putative gastrulae, larvae, and microscopic adult sponges and cnidarians (Li et al., 1998; Chen et al., 2000; Xiao et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2002).”
BackgroundA methane fuse for the Cambrian explosion: carbon cycles and true polar wander
Kirschvink, J. L., & Raub, T. D. (2003) · Comptes Rendus Géoscience · doi:10.1016/s1631-0713(03)00011-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Considering further the unexpected low diversity of forms preserved in otherwise appropriate and promising Neoproterozoic taphonomic settings [114] [115] [116] [117], it seems likely that major changes in morphology and biochemistry actually took place during the Cambrian period.”
Sr isotope excursion across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in the Three Gorges area, South China
Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Fukushi, Y., Komiya, T., Ishikawa, T., Hirata, T., & Maruyama, S. (2007) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.11.002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Tiny sea anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China
Han, J., Kubota, S., Uchida, H.-O., Stanley, G. D., Yao, X., Shu, D., Li, Y., & Yasui, K. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Most of the globular forms showing some internal structures from Weng’an have later been assumed, however, to be non-biogenetic products [30,31].”
BackgroundDynamic patterns of latest Proterozoic‐Palaeozoic‐early Mesozoic marine biodiversity in South China
Jiayu, R., Junxuan, F., Miller, A. I., & Guoxiang, L. (2007) · Geological Journal · doi:10.1002/gj.1073 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“In addition, there are abundant phosphatized embryo fossils of uncertain affinities from the Weng’an Biota (Xiao et al. 1998; Chen et al. 2000; Chen 2004; JY Chen et al. 2006; Hagadorn et al. 2006).”
BackgroundLarval development in Cnidaria: A connection to bilateria?
Gröger, H., & Schmid, V. J. (2001) · genesis · doi:10.1002/gene.1013 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“In a recent publication on late proterozoic fossils from Doushantuo rocks, small tubes were interpreted as remains of a putative stem-cnidarian (Xiao et al., 2000).”
Exceptional Fossil Conservation through Phosphatization
Schiffbauer, J., Wallace, A., Broce, J. S., & Xiao, S. (2014) · The Paleontological Society Papers · doi:10.1017/s1089332600002801 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationCunningham, J. A., Vargas, K., Yin, Z., Bengtson, S., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2017) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2016-142 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“The Ediacaran was a critical interval in the history of life (Butterfield 2007) and the Weng’an Biota offers a unique glimpse of microscopic, multicellular and soft-bodied organisms at this time.”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, D., Dong, W. Q., Qi, L., Chen, G. Q., & Chen, X. P. (2003) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(03)00235-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Chapter 10 Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Biogeochemical Evolution
Halverson, G. P., Hurtgen, M. T., Porter, S. M., & Collins, A. S. (2009) · Developments in precambrian geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-2635(09)01625-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Chen, J., Bottjer, D. J., Davidson, E. H., Li, G., Gao, F., Cameron, R. A., Hadfield, M. G. ., Xian, D., Tafforeau, P., & Jia, Q. (2009) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04.004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Liu, P., & Moczydłowska, M. (2019) · Fossils and strata · doi:10.1002/9781119564225.ch1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Schwentner, M., & Bosch, T. C. G. (2015) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.013 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate /ympev Revisiting the age, evolutionary history and species level diversity of the genus Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) q http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.013 1055-7903/ 2015 Elsevier Inc.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLanding, E., Antcliffe, J. B., Geyer, G., Kouchinsky, A., Bowser, S. S., & Andreas, A. (2018) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Cunningham, J. A., Thomas, C., Bengtson, S., Kearns, S., Xiao, S., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2280 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationYin, Z., Zhu, M., Tafforeau, P., Chen, J., Liu, P., & Li, G. (2011) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.08.011 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gostling, N. J., Dong, X., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2008) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00834.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Later stage larvae (Chen et al. 2002; Chen et al. 2000) and adults (Chen et al. 2004) that have been identified are not convincing (Bengtson and Budd 2004; Xiao et al. 2000).”
BackgroundCauses and consequences of the Cambrian explosion
Zhang, X., & Shu, D. (2014) · Science China Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4751-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wang, X., Hu, S., Gan, L., Wiens, M., & ller, W. E. G. M. U. (2009) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00909.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties
Dorozhkin, S. V. (2017) · Morphologie · doi:10.1016/j.morpho.2017.03.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Assembling the spiralian tree of life
Giribet, G., Dunn, C. W., Edgecombe, G. D., Hejnol, A., Martindale, M. Q., & Rouse, G. W. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chapter 9 A user's guide to Neoproterozoic geochronology
Condon, D. J., & Bowring, S. A. (2011) · Geological Society London Memoirs · doi:10.1144/m36.9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The Doushantuo fauna comprise phosphatized eggs and embryos (Xiao et al. 1998, 2000), as well as microscopic sponges (Li et al. 1998), and thus provides critical constraint upon the earliest animals.”
BackgroundXiao, S., Knoll, A. H., Schiffbauer, J. D., Zhou, C., & Yuan, X. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218814 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationA modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
Giribet, G., Dunn, C. W., Edgecombe, G. D., & Rouse, G. W. (2007) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
EARLY CAMBRIAN METAZOAN EGGS, EMBRYOS, AND PHOSPHATIC MICROFOSSILS FROM NORTHWESTERN CANADA
PYLE, L. J., NARBONNE, G. M., NOWLAN, G. S., XIAO, S., & JAMES, N. P. (2006) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[811:ecmeea]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…(Zhang and Pratt, 1994; Bengtson and Yue, 1997; Kouchinsky et al., 1999; Yue and Bengtson, 1999; Dong et al., 2004) and Neoproterozoic rocks (Xiao et al., 1998, 2000; Xiao and Knoll, 1999, 2000; Yin et al., 2004) has dramatically advanced knowledge of a previously missing part of the…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHan, J., Kubota, S., Li, G., Ou, Q., Wang, X., Yao, X., Shu, D., Li, Y., Uesugi, K., Hoshino, M., et al. (2015) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.01.003 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Synchrotron X-ray micro-CT sections of a tetraradial cubozoan (ELISN83-66) from the Lower Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China.”
BackgroundInfluentialMicroRNAs and metazoan phylogeny: big trees from little genes
Sperling, E. A., & Peterson, K. J. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Decay and Mineralization of Invertebrate Eggs
MARTIN, D., BRIGGS, D. E. G., & PARKES, R. J. (2005) · Palaios · doi:10.2110/palo.2004.p04-67 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The Doushantuo rocks were deposited at, or shortly before, the interval of animal diversification marked by diverse Ediacaran biotas (550–600 Mya; Xiao et al., 2000), and therefore any metazoan fossils that they contain are of particular interest.”
BackgroundMicrofossil Phosphatization and Its Astrobiological Implications
Xiao, S., & Schiffbauer, J. D. (2008) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The lack of in-depth understanding of Doushantuo taphonomy not only makes the biological interpretation of certain Doushantuo fossils controversial (Chen et al., 2000, 2004; Xiao et al., 2000; Bengtson and Budd, 2004), but also weakens the role of the Doushantuo biota as a model to guide further exploration of Doushan…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSeckbach, J., & Walsh, M. (2008) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xiao, S., Yuan, X., & Knoll, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Tulane University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knoll, Andrew H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-11-28
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 13684-13689
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC17636
- OpenAlex
- W2004614425
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- Doushantuo Formation, phosphate rock, early animal evolution, Ediacaran, sponge spicules, egg cases, diagenesis, tabulate corals, South China
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Fossils, Gastrula, Minerals, Phosphates, Geologic Sediments
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
