Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian
Abstract
Ten phosphatized specimens of a small (<180 micrometers) animal displaying clear bilaterian features have been recovered from the Doushantuo Formation, China, dating from 40 to 55 million years before the Cambrian. Seen in sections, this animal ( Vernanimalcula guizhouena gen. et sp. nov.) had paired coeloms extending the length of the gut; paired external pits that could be sense organs; bilateral, anterior-posterior organization; a ventrally directed anterior mouth with thick walled pharynx; and a triploblastic structure. The structural complexity is that of an adult rather than a larval form. These fossils provide the first evidence confirming the phylogenetic inference that Bilateria arose well before the Cambrian.
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The minimum gap between the protein relaxed clock timing and the first indisputable bilaterian fossil is approximately 40 Myr.
“reducing to ≈40 Myr the minimum gap between the protein relaxed clock timing and the first indisputable bilaterian fossil (7).”
From The timing of eukaryotic evolution: Does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils? (2004) · cites this paper as [7]
For bilaterians, the discrepancy between our molecular estimates (642-761 Mya) and the fossil record is reduced to a minimum of 40 Myr.
“For bilaterians, the discrepancy between our molecular estimates (642–761 Mya) and the fossil record (7) is reduced to a minimum of 40 Myr.”
From The timing of eukaryotic evolution: Does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils? (2004) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Chen, J.-Y., Bottjer, D. J., Oliveri, P., Dornbos, S. Q., Gao, F., Ruffins, S., Chi, H., Li, C.-W., & Davidson, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Nanjing 210008, China.
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bottjer, David J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-07-09
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 5681
- Pages
- 218-222
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2034574812
- Semantic Scholar
- c60a6eca0ad5cd526b06fb13844fd084e2fdc4fc
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 31.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- Doushantuo Formation, Ediacaran, bilaterian origin, early animal evolution, phosphatization, coelom, sense organs, new genus and species, Cambrian
- MeSH terms
- Animals, China, Digestive System, Endoderm, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Invertebrates, Mesoderm, Phylogeny, Time
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