The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
In vivo promoter activity and transgene expression in mammalian somatic tissues evaluated by using particle bombardment.
Open accessAbstract
The particle bombardment method of gene transfer provides an alternative approach for analysis of in vivo promoter activity and transgene expression. Transient expression of the firefly luciferase gene from five viral and five cellular promoters was assessed after in vivo gene transfer using this method. The relative strengths of these promoters were quantitatively determined in five different rat tissues: skin epidermis, dermis, muscle, liver, and pancreas. Cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/promoter activity was consistently the highest in each tissue, whereas other promoters displayed tissue-specific preferences. In liver, the mouse phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and metallothionein promoters were stimulated in vivo by inducing agents at 1 and 5 days posttransfection. In dermis, sustained luciferase activity was observed for over 1.5 years after gene delivery. In vivo transgene expression was also detected in bombarded mouse, rabbit, and rhesus monkey tissues. These results suggest that particle bombardment provides an effective system for studies of in vivo gene transfer and gene therapy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures
Hirt, B. (1967) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5 · Cited by 5,146
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
Human gene therapy comes of age
Miller, A. D. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/357455a0 · Cited by 908
Human growth hormone as a reporter gene in regulation studies employing transient gene expression.
Selden, R. F., Howie, K. B., Rowe, M. E., Goodman, H. M., & Moore, D. D. (1986) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.6.9.3173 · Cited by 663
In vivo and in vitro gene transfer to mammalian somatic cells by particle bombardment.
Yang, N. S., Burkholder, J., Roberts, B., Martinell, B., & McCabe, D. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9568 · Cited by 600
Self-citationAnderson, W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1589762 · Cited by 557
Jaenisch, R. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3287623 · Cited by 485
Introduction of foreign genes into tissues of living mice by DNA-coated microprojectiles.
Williams, R. S., Johnston, S. A., Riedy, M., DeVit, M. J., McElligott, S. G., & Sanford, J. C. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.7.2726 · Cited by 427
Transgenic Mice as Probes into Complex Systems
Hanahan, D. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2686032 · Cited by 358
Long-term in vivo expression of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer in mouse fibroblast implants.
Scharfmann, R., Axelrod, J. H., & Verma, I. M. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4626 · Cited by 280
Cited by
DNA Vaccines: Immunology, Application, and Optimization
Gurunathan, S., Klinman, D. M., & Seder, R. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.927 · Cited by 1,207
Raz, E., Carson, D. A., Parker, S. E., Parr, T. B., Abai, A. M., Aichinger, G., Gromkowski, S. H., Singh, M., Lew, D., & Yankauckas, M. A. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9519 · Cited by 543
André, S., Seed, B., Eberle, J., Schraut, W., Bültmann, A., & Haas, J. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.2.1497-1503.1998 · Cited by 305
Biragyn, A., Tani, K., Grimm, M. C., Weeks, S., & Kwak, L. W. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/6995 · Cited by 278
Next‐Generation Vaccines: Nanoparticle‐Mediated DNA and mRNA Delivery
Ho, W., Gao, M., Li, F., Li, Z., Zhang, X., & Xu, X. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202001812 · Cited by 261
Metadata
- Authors
- Cheng, L., Ziegelhoffer, P. R., & Yang, N. S.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1993-05-15
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4455-4459
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2067978135
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: In vivo promoter activity and transgene expression in mammalian somatic tissues evaluated by using particle bombardment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.90.10.4455
- The paper
- Cheng, L., Ziegelhoffer, P. R., & Yang, N. S. (1993). In vivo promoter activity and transgene expression in mammalian somatic tissues evaluated by using particle bombardment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.10.4455
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
