Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers exhibit distinct projection pattern and dopamine release dynamics at mouse dorsal striatum
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1)-positive dopaminergic (DA) neurons at the ventral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) preferentially degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). Their projection pattern and dopamine release properties, however, remains uncharacterized. Here we show that ALDH1A1-positive axons project predominantly to the rostral two-thirds of dorsal striatum. A portion of these axons converge on a small fraction of striosome compartments restricted to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), where less dopamine release was measured compared to the adjacent matrix enriched with the ALDH1A1-negative axons. Genetic ablation of Aldh1a1 substantially increases the dopamine release in striosomes, but not in matrix. Additionally, the presence of PD-related human α-synuclein A53T mutant or dopamine transporter (DAT) blockers also differentially affects the dopamine output in striosomes and matrix. Together, these results demonstrate distinct dopamine release characteristics of ALDH1A1-positive DA fibers, supporting a regional specific function of ALDH1A1 in regulating dopamine availability/release in striatum.
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ALDH1A1+ dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta project prominently to the dorsal caudate putamen, with fibers being denser in rostral sections and less dense caudally.
“Prominent projections of ALDH1A1+ DA neurons of the SNc have been observed in the dorsal caudate putamen (CP; [20–22]), with fibers being more dense in rostral sections and less so in caudal regions.”
From Classification of midbrain dopamine neurons using single-cell gene expression profiling approaches (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the dorsal caudate putamen, ALDH1A1+ dopamine neurons preferentially innervate some mu-opioid receptor-positive patches, known as striosomes, although this preference is not exclusive.
“In the dorsal CP, these neurons preferentially innervate some μ-opioid receptor+ (MOR) patches (commonly known as striosomes), although this is not exclusive [20–22].”
From Classification of midbrain dopamine neurons using single-cell gene expression profiling approaches (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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Smith, V. M. M., Dong, J., Paletzki, R. F., Chang, L., Wang, L., Gerfen, C. R., & Cai, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2026.1895042
Self-citationStriosomes: Small Circuits With a Large Role in Locomotion
Okunomiya, T., Watanabe, D., Takahashi, R., & Inoue, H. (2026) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584261479729
- Authors
- Sgobio, C., Wu, J., Zheng, W., Chen, X., Pan, J., Salinas, A. G., Davis, M. I., Lovinger, D. M., & Cai, H.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Huaibin
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-07-13
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5283-5283
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5509666
- OpenAlex
- W2727629153
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA016022)
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- ALDH1, ALDH1A1, nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, substantia nigra pars compacta, dorsal striatum, striosomes, striatal matrix, dopamine release, axonal projection patterns, Parkinson's disease, mice
- MeSH terms
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Transcription Factors, Mice, Knockout, Homeodomain Proteins, Retinal Dehydrogenase, Mice, alpha-Synuclein, Dopaminergic Neurons
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