One subspecies of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) suffices as the matriarchic ancestor of all domestic breeds.
Open accessAbstract
The noncoding control region of the mitochondrial DNA of various gallinaceous birds was studied with regard to its restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequences of the first 400 bases. Tandem duplication of the 60-base unit was established as a trait unique to the genus Gallus, which is shared neither by pheasants nor by quails. Unlike its close ally Gallus varius (green junglefowl), the red junglefowl Gallus gallus is a genetically very diverse species; the 7.0% sequence divergence was seen between those from Thailand (G. g. gallus and G. g. spadiceus) and the other from the Indonesian island of Java (G. g. Bankiva). Furthermore, the divergence increased to 27.83% if each transversion is regarded as an equivalent of 10 transitions. On the other hand, a mere 0.5-3.0% difference (all transitions) separated various domestic breeds of the chicken from two G. g. gallus of Thailand, thus indicating a single domestication event in the area inhabited by this subspecies of the red junglefowl as the origin of all domestic breeds. Only transitions separated six diverse domesticated breeds. Nevertheless, a 2.75% difference was seen between RFLP type I breeds (White Leghorn and Nagoya) and a RFLP type VIII breed (Ayam Pelung). The above data suggested that although the mitochondrion of RFLP type V was the main contributor to domestication, hens of other RFLP types also contributed to this event.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Chickens were primarily derived from the red junglefowl among the four extant junglefowl species.
“Regarding their geographic origin, genetic studies have demonstrated that of the four extant junglefowl species, chickens were primarily derived from the red junglefowl (14, 15).”
From The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Cites
Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution
Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., & Wilson, A. C. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/325031a0 · Cited by 3,100 · see citing works
Sequence and gene organization of the chicken mitochondrial genome
Desjardins, P., & Morais, R. (1990) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90225-b · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Evidence for Two Independent Domestications of Cattle
Loftus, R. T., MacHugh, D. E., Bradley, D. G., Sharp, P. M., & Cunningham, P. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2757 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA sequences in single hairs from a southern African population.
Vigilant, L., Pennington, R., Harpending, H. C., Kocher, T. D., & Wilson, A. C. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9350 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Branching pattern in the evolutionary tree for human mitochondrial DNA.
Rienzo, A. D., & Wilson, A. C. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.5.1597 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Patterns of sequence variation in the mitochondrial D-loop region of shrews.
Stewart, D. T., & Baker, A. J. (1994) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040096 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nucleotide sequence and evolution of coding and noncoding regions of a quail mitochondrial genome
Desjardins, P., & Morais, R. (1991) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02515387 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
SERUM ALBUMIN POLYMORPHISM IN QUAIL AND CHICKEN-QUAIL HYBRIDS
HALEY, L. E. (1965) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/51.6.983 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03154 · Cited by 2,750 · see citing works
Multiple maternal origins of chickens: Out of the Asian jungles
Liu, Y.-P., Wu, G.-S., Yao, Y.-G., Miao, Y.-W., Luikart, G., Baig, M., Beja-Pereira, A., Ding, Z.-L., Palanichamy, M. G., & Zhang, Y.-P. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.014 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Agricultural Origins and Frontiers in South Asia: A Working Synthesis
Fuller, D. Q. (2006) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-006-9006-8 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Muir, W. M., Wong, G. K.-S., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Groenen, M. A. M., Crooijmans, R. P. M. A., Megens, H.-J., Zhang, H., Okimoto, R., Vereijken, A., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0806569105 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
863 genomes reveal the origin and domestication of chicken
Wang, M.-S., Thakur, M., Peng, M.-S., Jiang, Y., Frantz, L. A. F., Li, M., Zhang, J.-J., Wang, S., Peters, J., Otecko, N. O., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0349-y · Cited by 286 · see citing works
The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens
Peters, J., Lebrasseur, O., Irving-Pease, E. K., Paxinos, P. D., Best, J., Smallman, R., Callou, C., Gardeisen, A., Trixl, S., Frantz, L., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2121978119 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Regarding their geographic origin, genetic studies have demonstrated that of the four extant junglefowl species, chickens were primarily derived from the red junglefowl (14, 15).”
BackgroundStorey, A. A., Athens, J. S., Bryant, D., Carson, M., Emery, K., deFrance, S., Higham, C., Huynen, L., Intoh, M., Jones, S., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039171 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The History of African Village Chickens: an Archaeological and Molecular Perspective
Mwacharo, J. M., Bjørnstad, G., Han, J. L., & Hanotte, O. (2013) · African Archaeological Review · doi:10.1007/s10437-013-9128-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA
Gongora, J., Rawlence, N. J., Mobegi, V. A., Jianlin, H., Alcalde, J. A., Matus, J. T., Hanotte, O., Moran, C., Austin, J. J., Ulm, S., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0801991105 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Genetic variation across the historical range of the wild turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>)
Mock, K. E., Theimer, T. C., Rhodes, O. E., Greenberg, D. L., & Keim, P. (2002) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01467.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Reevaluation of early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China
Eda, M., Lu, P., Kikuchi, H., Li, Z., Li, F., & Yuan, J. (2016) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2016.01.012 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Peters, J., Lebrasseur, O., Deng, H., & Larson, G. (2016) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.004 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Early evidence for chickens at Iron Age Kirikongo (<i>c</i>. AD 100–1450), Burkina Faso
Dueppen, S. A. (2011) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00067491 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fumihito, A., Miyake, T., Sumi, S., Takada, M., Ohno, S., & Kondo, N.
- Affiliations
- Yamashina Institute for Ornithology (JP)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1994-12-20
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 12505-12509
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC45467
- OpenAlex
- W1972344755
- Cited by
- 374
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Livestock and Poultry Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- red junglefowl, Gallus gallus gallus, chicken domestication, mitochondrial DNA control region, restriction fragment length polymorphism, tandem duplication, Gallus varius, genetic divergence, maternal ancestry, White Leghorn
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Base Sequence, Chickens, DNA, Mitochondrial, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Poultry, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Thailand, Sequence Alignment, DNA Primers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
