Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA
Open accessAbstract
European chickens were introduced into the American continents by the Spanish after their arrival in the 15th century. However, there is ongoing debate as to the presence of pre-Columbian chickens among Amerindians in South America, particularly in relation to Chilean breeds such as the Araucana and Passion Fowl. To understand the origin of these populations, we have generated partial mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 41 native Chilean specimens and compared them with a previously generated database of approximately 1,000 domestic chicken sequences from across the world as well as published Chilean and Polynesian ancient DNA sequences. The modern Chilean sequences cluster closely with haplotypes predominantly distributed among European, Indian subcontinental, and Southeast Asian chickens, consistent with a European genetic origin. A published, apparently pre-Columbian, Chilean specimen and six pre-European Polynesian specimens also cluster with the same European/Indian subcontinental/Southeast Asian sequences, providing no support for a Polynesian introduction of chickens to South America. In contrast, sequences from two archaeological sites on Easter Island group with an uncommon haplogroup from Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines [corrected] and may represent a genetic signature of an early Polynesian dispersal. Modeling of the potential marine carbon contribution to the Chilean archaeological specimen casts further doubt on claims for pre-Columbian chickens, and definitive proof will require further analyses of ancient DNA sequences and radiocarbon and stable isotope data from archaeological excavations within both Chile and Polynesia.
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Evidence has accumulated in favor of Polynesian and South American contact, though the issue remains controversial.
“In recent years, evidence has continued to accumulate in favor of a Polynesian and South American contact [8], although the issue has remained mired in controversy (e.g., [9]).”
From Two ancient human genomes reveal Polynesian ancestry among the indigenous Botocudos of Brazil (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Gongora, J., Rawlence, N. J., Mobegi, V. A., Jianlin, H., Alcalde, J. A., Matus, J. T., Hanotte, O., Moran, C., Austin, J. J., Ulm, S., Anderson, A. J., Larson, G., & Cooper, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- International Livestock Research Institute (KE)
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 306-22 Santiago, Chile;
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-07-29
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 10308-10313
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2492461
- OpenAlex
- W2055564897
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2008-09-16)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Livestock and Poultry Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- Araucana, mitochondrial DNA control region, Easter Island, ancient DNA, South America
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Asia, Base Sequence, Chickens, Chile, DNA, Mitochondrial, Europe, Haplotypes, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polynesia, Genetic Variation, Cluster Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA
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