Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Fragile X syndrome results from the absence of the RNA binding FMR protein. Here, mRNA was coimmunoprecipitated with the FMRP ribonucleoprotein complex and used to interrogate microarrays. We identified 432 associated mRNAs from mouse brain. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed some to be >60-fold enriched in the immunoprecipitant. In parallel studies, mRNAs from polyribosomes of fragile X cells were used to probe microarrays. Despite equivalent cytoplasmic abundance, 251 mRNAs had an abnormal polyribosome profile in the absence of FMRP. Although this represents <2% of the total messages, 50% of the coimmunoprecipitated mRNAs with expressed human orthologs were found in this group. Nearly 70% of those transcripts found in both studies contain a G quartet structure, demonstrated as an in vitro FMRP target. We conclude that translational dysregulation of mRNAs normally associated with FMRP may be the proximal cause of fragile X syndrome, and we identify candidate genes relevant to this phenotype.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
NR1 mRNA was not associated with FMRP by the coimmunoprecipitation assay.
“In contrast to NR2A and NR2B, the NR1 mRNA was not associated with FMRP by the coimmunoprecipitation assay (Figure 8A), nor was there coprecipitation of GAPDH mRNAs, a commonly used negative control that is believed not to be regulated by FMRP (Brown et al., 2001).”
From Regulation of Synaptic Structure and Function by FMRP-Associated MicroRNAs miR-125b and miR-132 (2010) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
GAPDH mRNAs were not coprecipitated with FMRP.
“In contrast to NR2A and NR2B, the NR1 mRNA was not associated with FMRP by the coimmunoprecipitation assay (Figure 8A), nor was there coprecipitation of GAPDH mRNAs, a commonly used negative control that is believed not to be regulated by FMRP (Brown et al., 2001).”
From Regulation of Synaptic Structure and Function by FMRP-Associated MicroRNAs miR-125b and miR-132 (2010) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
FMRP immunoprecipitation was performed following the standard procedure used to identify mRNA targets.
“We followed the standard procedure for FMRP immunoprecipitation used to identify mRNA targets (Brown et al., 2001).”
From Regulation of Synaptic Structure and Function by FMRP-Associated MicroRNAs miR-125b and miR-132 (2010) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
The co-repressor activity of CYFIP1-FMRP does not affect G-quadruplex-containing mRNAs, which represent a subset of FMRP targets.
“We can thus conclude that the co-repressor activity of CYFIP1-FMRP does not affect G-quadruplex-containing mRNAs, which represent a subset of FMRP targets (Brown et al., 2001; Maurin et al., 2014; Suhl et al., 2015).”
From New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes (2017) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
G-quadruplex mRNA is a structure bound by FMRP and is harbored by some of its critical targets, including MAP1B, PP2AC, FMR1, SHANKL and SEMA3F.
“G-quadruplex mRNA is a structure bound by FMRP harbored by some of its critical targets (MAP1B, PP2AC, FMR1, SHANKL, SEMA3F) (Brown et al., 2001; Castets et al., 2005; Schaeffer et al., 2001; Zhang et al., 2014; Menon and Mihailescu, 2007).”
From New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes (2017) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
The G-quadruplex/FMRP complex mediates the repression activity of FMRP in translational regulation.
“Moreover, the G-quadruplex/FMRP complex mediates the repression activity of FMRP in translational regulation (Schaeffer et al., 2001; Brown et al., 2001; Castets et al., 2005; Melko and Bardoni, 2010; Suhl et al., 2015).”
From New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes (2017) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
FMRP mostly acts as an mRNA-binding protein that represses translation of a subset of mRNAs.
“Encoded by the FMR1 gene, Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) mostly operates as an mRNA-binding protein (Fig. 5B2) that represses translation of an emerging subset of mRNAs (Brown et al., 2001; Darnell et al., 2001; Darnell et al., 2011; Santoro et al., 2012), among other functions (Contractor et al., 2015).”
From Unifying Views of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Consideration of Autoregulatory Feedback Loops (2016) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
FMRP regulates stability, subcellular transport, and translation of neuronal mRNAs encoding proteins involved in synaptic structure and function.
“FMRP regulates stability, subcellular transport, and translation of neuronal mRNAs encoding for proteins involved the in synaptic structure and function (58,(65)(66)(67).”
From Fragile X syndrome: causes, diagnosis, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2012) · cites this paper as [65]
FMRP is involved in regulating the glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus.
“the discovery that FMRP is involved in regulating the glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus (Brown et al., 2001).”
From Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome (2012) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2001
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns
Eisen, M. B., Spellman, P. T., Brown, P. O., & Botstein, D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14863 · Cited by 12,617 · see citing works
Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J. S., Fu, Y.-H., Kuhl, D. P. A., Pizzuti, A., Reiner, O., Richards, S., Victoria, M. F., Zhang, F., et al. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-h · Cited by 3,481 · see citing works
Self-citationInstability of a 550-Base Pair DNA Segment and Abnormal Methylation in Fragile X Syndrome
Oberlé, I., Rousseau, F., Heitz, D., Kretz, C., Devys, D., Hanauer, A., Boué, J., Bertheas, M. F., & Mandel, J. L. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.252.5009.1097 · Cited by 1,499 · see citing works
PSD-95 Involvement in Maturation of Excitatory Synapses
El-Husseini, A. E.-D., Schnell, E., Chetkovich, D. M., Nicoll, R. A., & Bredt, D. S. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5495.1364 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Fmr1 knockout mice: A model to study fragile X mental retardation
THEDUTCHBELGIANFRAGILEXCONSOR (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90569-x · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works
Fragile X mental retardation protein targets G quartet mRNAs important for neuronal function
Darnell, J. C., Jensen, K. B., Jin, P., Brown, V., Warren, S. T., & Darnell, R. B. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00566-9 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Self-citationFMR1 Protein: Conserved RNP Family Domains and Selective RNA Binding
Ashley, C. T., Wilkinson, K. D., Reines, D., & Warren, S. T. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7692601 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA methylation represses <i>FMR-1</i> transcription in fragile X syndrome
Sutcliffe, J. S., Nelson, D. L., Zhang, F., Pieretti, M., Caskey, C. T., Saxe, D., & Warren, S. T. (1992) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/1.6.397 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiler, I. J., Irwin, S. A., Klintsova, A. Y., Spencer, C. M., Brazelton, A. D., Miyashiro, K., Comery, T. A., Patel, B., Eberwine, J., & Greenough, W. T. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5395 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
The protein product of the fragile X gene, FMR1, has characteristics of an RNA-binding protein.
Siomi, H., Siomi, M. C., Nussbaum, R. L., & Dreyfuss, G. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90420-u · Cited by 641 · see citing works
A point mutation in the FMR-1 gene associated with fragile X mental retardation
Boulle, K. D., Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Reyniers, E., Vits, L., Hendrickx, J., Roy, B. V., Bos, F. V. D., de Graaff, E., Oostra, B. A., & Willems, P. J. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0193-31 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Query, C. C., Bentley, R. C., & Keene, J. D. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90175-x · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence that fragile X mental retardation protein is a negative regulator of translation
Laggerbauer, B. (2001) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.329 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Abnormal Development of Dendritic Spines in<i>FMR1</i>Knock-Out Mice
Nimchinsky, E. A., Oberlander, A. M., & Svoboda, K. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-14-05139.2001 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Feng, Y., Gutekunst, C.-A., Eberhart, D. E., Yi, H., Warren, S. T., & Hersch, S. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-05-01539.1997 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of neocortex in three males with the Fragile X syndrome
Hinton, V. J., Brown, W. T., Wisniewski, K., & Rudelli, R. D. (1991) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320410306 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Feng, Y., Absher, D., Eberhart, D. E., Brown, V., Malter, H. E., & Warren, S. T. (1997) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80012-x · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationTurning on ARF: the Sec7 family of guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors
Jackson, C. L., & Casanova, J. E. (2000) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(99)01699-2 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
The fragile X mental retardation protein inhibits translation via interacting with mRNA
Li, Z. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.11.2276 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Siomi, H., Choi, M., Siomi, M. C., Nussbaum, R. L., & Dreyfuss, G. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90232-1 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Identifying mRNA subsets in messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes by using cDNA arrays
Tenenbaum, S. A., Carson, C. C., Lager, P. J., & Keene, J. D. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14085 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationEberhart, D. (1996) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/5.8.1083 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Understanding the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome
Jin, P. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.6.901 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationTakeuchi, M., Hata, Y., Hirao, K., Toyoda, A., Irie, M., & Takai, Y. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.11943 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Schenck, A., Bardoni, B., Moro, A., Bagni, C., & Mandel, J.-L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.151231598 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Drosophila Unc-13 is essential for synaptic transmission
Aravamudan, B., Fergestad, T., Davis, W. S., Rodesch, C. K., & Broadie, K. S. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/14764 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
The fragile X mental retardation syndrome protein interacts with novel homologs FXR1 and FXR2.
Zhang, Y., O'Connor, J. P., Siomi, M. C., Srinivasan, S., Dutra, A., Nussbaum, R. L., & Dreyfuss, G. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00220.x · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Frey, D., Laux, T., Xu, L., Schneider, C., & Caroni, P. (2000) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.149.7.1443 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Neuritin: A gene induced by neural activity and neurotrophins that promotes neuritogenesis
Naeve, G. S., Ramakrishnan, M., Kramer, R., Hevroni, D., Citri, Y., & Theill, L. E. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2648 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The fragile X mental retardation protein is associated with ribosomes
Khandjian, E. W., Corbin, F., Woerly, S., & Rousseau, F. (1996) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0196-91 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Keene, J. D. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111145598 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationBrown, V., Small, K. M., Lakkis, L., Feng, Y., Gunter, C., Wilkinson, K. D., & Warren, S. T. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15521 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationCeman, S., Brown, V., & Warren, S. T. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.12.7925 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuronal abnormalities in microtubule-associated protein 1B mutant mice.
Edelmann, W., Zervas, M., Costello, P. S., Roback, L., Fischer, I., Hammarback, J. A., Cowan, N. J., Davies, P., Wainer, B. H., & Kucherlapati, R. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.3.1270 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
FMRP Involvement in Formation of Synapses among Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Braun, K. A. (2000) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/10.10.1045 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Intrinsic neuronal determinants that promotes axonal sprouting and elongation
Caroni, P. (1997) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.950190906 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
FMRP is associated to the ribosomes via RNA
Tamanini, F. (1996) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/5.6.809 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Bardoni, B., Schenck, A., & Louis Mandel, J. (1999) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/8.13.2557 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Augustin, I., Korte, S., Rickmann, M., Kretzschmar, H. A., Südhof, T. C., Herms, J. W., & Brose, N. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-01-00010.2001 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
DAP‐1, a novel protein that interacts with the guanylate kinase‐like domains of hDLG and PSD‐95
Satoh, K., Yanai, H., Senda, T., Kohu, K., Nakamura, T., Okumura, N., Matsumine, A., Kobayashi, S., Toyoshima, K., & Akiyama, T. (1997) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.1310329.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Controlling small guanine–nucleotide-exchange factor function through cytoplasmic RNA intramers
Mayer, G., Blind, M., Nagel, W., Böhm, T., Knorr, T., Jackson, C. L., Kolanus, W., & Famulok, M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.091100698 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
RNAs That Interact with the Fragile X Syndrome RNA Binding Protein FMRP
Sung, Y. J., Conti, J., Currie, J. R., Brown, W. T., & Denman, R. B. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3405 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Identification of Mouse YB1/p50 as a Component of the FMRP-Associated mRNP Particle
Ceman, S., Nelson, R., & Warren, S. T. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4035 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPaschen, W., Blackstone, C. D., Huganir, R. L., et al. (1994) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1198 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Neeb, A., Koch, H., Schürmann, A., & Brose, N. (1999) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0171-9335(99)80018-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ishizuka, T., Saisu, H., Odani, S., Kumanishi, T., & Abe, T. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00223-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Development and Characterization of Antibodies that Immunoprecipitate the FMR1 Protein
Ceman, S., Zhang, F., Johnson, T., et al. (2003) · Neurogenetics · doi:10.1385/1-59259-330-5:345 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mechanisms of Alternative Pre-Messenger RNA Splicing
Black, D. L. (2003) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161720 · Cited by 2,704 · see citing works
FMRP Stalls Ribosomal Translocation on mRNAs Linked to Synaptic Function and Autism
Darnell, J. C., Van Driesche, S. J., Zhang, C., Hung, K. Y. S., Mele, A., Fraser, C. E., Stone, E. F., Chen, C., Fak, J. J., Chi, S. W., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.013 · Cited by 2,072 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology
Abrahams, B. S., & Geschwind, D. H. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2346 · Cited by 1,866 · see citing works
The mGluR theory of fragile X mental retardation
Bear, M. F., Huber, K. M., & Warren, S. T. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.04.009 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA regulons: coordination of post-transcriptional events
Keene, J. D. (2007) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2111 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Self-citationAltered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile X mental retardation
Huber, K. M., Gallagher, S. M., Warren, S. T., & Bear, M. F. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122205699 · Cited by 1,349 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms and Regulation of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing
Lee, Y., & Rio, D. C. (2015) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034316 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
mTOR signaling: At the crossroads of plasticity, memory and disease
Hoeffer, C. A., & Klann, E. (2010) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.003 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
CLIP Identifies Nova-Regulated RNA Networks in the Brain
Ule, J., Jensen, K. B., Ruggiu, M., Mele, A., Ule, A., & Darnell, R. B. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090095 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile X Syndrome: Loss of Local mRNA Regulation Alters Synaptic Development and Function
Bassell, G. J., & Warren, S. T. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.004 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrection of Fragile X Syndrome in Mice
Dölen, G., Osterweil, E., Rao, B. S. S., Smith, G. B., Auerbach, B. D., Chattarji, S., & Bear, M. F. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.001 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Translational control of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory
Costa-Mattioli, M., Sossin, W. S., Klann, E., & Sonenberg, N. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.055 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Fragile X mental retardation protein targets G quartet mRNAs important for neuronal function
Darnell, J. C., Jensen, K. B., Jin, P., Brown, V., Warren, S. T., & Darnell, R. B. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00566-9 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Self-citationHagerman, R. J., Berry-Kravis, E., Hazlett, H. C., Bailey, D. B., Moine, H., Kooy, R. F., Tassone, F., Gantois, I., Sonenberg, N., Mandel, J. L., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.65 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression
Ascano, M., Mukherjee, N., Bandaru, P., Miller, J. B., Nusbaum, J. D., Corcoran, D. L., Langlois, C., Munschauer, M., Dewell, S., Hafner, M., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11737 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Regulation of Synaptic Structure and Function by FMRP-Associated MicroRNAs miR-125b and miR-132
Edbauer, D., Neilson, J. R., Foster, K. A., Wang, C.-F., Seeburg, D. P., Batterton, M. N., Tada, T., Dolan, B. M., Sharp, P. A., & Sheng, M. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.005 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Genome-wide analysis of mRNA translation profiles in <i>Saccharomyces</i> <i>cerevisiae</i>
Arava, Y., Wang, Y., Storey, J. D., Liu, C. L., Brown, P. O., & Herschlag, D. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0635171100 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Zalfa, F., Giorgi, M., Primerano, B., Moro, A., Di Penta, A., Reis, S., Oostra, B., & Bagni, C. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00079-5 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Hogan, D. J., Riordan, D. P., Gerber, A. P., Herschlag, D., & Brown, P. O. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060255 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Variable tandem repeats accelerate evolution of coding and regulatory sequences
Gemayel, R., Vinces, M. D., Legendre, M., & Verstrepen, K. J. (2010) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-072610-155046 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
The Autistic Neuron: Troubled Translation?
Kelleher, R. J., & Bear, M. F. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.017 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Dysregulation of mTOR signaling in fragile X syndrome
Sharma, A., Hoeffer, C. A., Takayasu, Y., Miyawaki, T., McBride, S. M., Klann, E., & Zukin, R. S. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3696-09.2010 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Disruption of DNA-methylation-dependent long gene repression in Rett syndrome
Gabel, H. W., Kinde, B., Stroud, H., Gilbert, C. S., Harmin, D. A., Kastan, N. R., Hemberg, M., Ebert, D. H., & Greenberg, M. E. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14319 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
HOW THE BRAIN PROCESSES SOCIAL INFORMATION: Searching for the Social Brain
Insel, T. R., & Fernald, R. D. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144148 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Nova regulates brain-specific splicing to shape the synapse
Ule, J., Ule, A., Spencer, J., Williams, A., Hu, J.-S., Cline, M., Wang, H., Clark, T., Fraser, C., Ruggiu, M., et al. (2005) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1610 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationRNA cargoes associating with FMRP reveal deficits in cellular functioning in Fmr1 null mice
Miyashiro, K. Y., Beckel-Mitchener, A., Purk, T. P., Becker, K. G., Barret, T., Liu, L., Carbonetto, S., Weiler, I. J., Greenough, W. T., & Eberwine, J. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00034-5 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Hou, L., Antion, M. D., Hu, D., Spencer, C. M., Paylor, R., & Klann, E. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.005 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
From mRNP trafficking to spine dysmorphogenesis: the roots of fragile X syndrome
Bagni, C., & Greenough, W. T. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1667 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Bilousova, T. V., Dansie, L., Ngo, M., Aye, J., Charles, J. R., Ethell, D. W., & Ethell, I. M. (2009) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2008.061796 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Muddashetty, R. S., Kelić, S., Gross, C., Xu, M., & Bassell, G. J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0937-07.2007 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Rajasekhar, V. K., Viale, A., Socci, N. D., Wiedmann, M., Hu, X., & Holland, E. C. (2003) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00395-2 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
The Pathophysiology of Fragile X Syndrome
Penagarikano, O., Mulle, J. G., & Warren, S. T. (2007) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.8.080706.092249 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citationFailure of neuronal homeostasis results in common neuropsychiatric phenotypes
Ramocki, M. B., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07457 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Osterweil, E. K., Krueger, D. D., Reinhold, K., & Bear, M. F. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3888-10.2010 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
HITS-CLIP: panoramic views of protein-RNA regulation in living cells
Darnell, R. B. (2010) · WIREs RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.31 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Pathophysiology of Fragile X (and What It Teaches Us about Synapses)
Bhakar, A. L., Dölen, G., & Bear, M. F. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153138 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Deng, P.-Y., Rotman, Z., Blundon, J. A., Cho, Y., Cui, J., Cavalli, V., Zakharenko, S. S., & Klyachko, V. A. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.12.018 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Spencer, C. M., Alekseyenko, O., Serysheva, E., Yuva‐Paylor, L. A., & Paylor, R. (2005) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2005.00123.x · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Phosphorylation influences the translation state of FMRP-associated polyribosomes
Ceman, S., O'Donnell, W. T., Reed, M., Patton, S., Pohl, J., & Warren, S. T. (2003) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg350 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile X syndrome: causes, diagnosis, mechanisms, and therapeutics
Bagni, C., Tassone, F., Neri, G., & Hagerman, R. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63141 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
An alternative mode of microRNA target recognition
Chi, S. W., Hannon, G. J., & Darnell, R. B. (2012) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.2230 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationSchenck, A., Bardoni, B., Langmann, C., Harden, N., Mandel, J.-L., & Giangrande, A. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00354-4 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Olmos-Serrano, J. L., Paluszkiewicz, S. M., Martin, B. S., Kaufmann, W. E., Corbin, J. G., & Huntsman, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1714-10.2010 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
De Rubeis, S., Pasciuto, E., Li, K. W., Fernández, E., Di Marino, D., Buzzi, A., Ostroff, L. E., Klann, E., Zwartkruis, F. J. T., Komiyama, N. H., et al. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.039 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Dysregulation and restoration of translational homeostasis in fragile X syndrome
Richter, J. D., Bassell, G. J., & Klann, E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4001 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
FMRP Mediates mGluR5-Dependent Translation of Amyloid Precursor Protein
Westmark, C. J., & Malter, J. S. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050052 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
“The anti-FMRP antibody (mAb7G1–1) [10] was obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa (http://www.”
MethodDarnell, J. C., Fraser, C. E., Mostovetsky, O., Stefani, G., Jones, T. A., Eddy, S. R., & Darnell, R. B. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1276805 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationNishimura, Y., Martin, C. L., Vazquez-Lopez, A., Spence, S. J., Alvarez-Retuerto, A. I., Sigman, M., Steindler, C., Pellegrini, S., Schanen, N. C., Warren, S. T., et al. (2007) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm116 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationFragile X mental retardation protein is associated with translating polyribosomes in neuronal cells
Stefani, G., Fraser, C. E., Darnell, J. C., & Darnell, R. B. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2306-04.2004 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, R. S., Tamashiro, K. L. K., Yang, X., Purcell, R. H., Harvey, A., Willour, V. L., Huo, Y., Rongione, M., Wand, G. S., & Potash, J. B. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0225 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Qin, M., Kang, J., Burlin, T. V., Jiang, C., & Smith, C. B. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0093-05.2005 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Gross, C., Nakamoto, M., Yao, X., Chan, C.-B., Yim, S. Y., Ye, K., Warren, S. T., & Bassell, G. J. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0402-10.2010 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling fragile X syndrome in the <i>Fmr1</i> knockout mouse
Kazdoba, T. M., Leach, P. T., Silverman, J. L., & Crawley, J. N. (2014) · Intractable & Rare Diseases Research · doi:10.5582/irdr.2014.01024 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Narayanan, U., Nalavadi, V., Nakamoto, M., Pallas, D. C., Ceman, S., Bassell, G. J., & Warren, S. T. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2969-07.2007 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationNarayanan, U., Nalavadi, V., Nakamoto, M., Thomas, G., Ceman, S., Bassell, G. J., & Warren, S. T. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c800055200 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationThe GAIT system: a gatekeeper of inflammatory gene expression
Mukhopadhyay, R., Jia, J., Arif, A., Ray, P. S., & Fox, P. L. (2009) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.03.004 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The FXG: a presynaptic fragile X granule expressed in a subset of developing brain circuits
Christie, S. B., Akins, M. R., Schwob, J. E., & Fallon, J. R. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3937-08.2009 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
A phenotypic and molecular characterization of the <i>fmr1‐tm1Cgr</i> Fragile X mouse
Yan, Q. J., Asafo‐Adjei, P. K., Arnold, H. M., Brown, R. E., & Bauchwitz, R. P. (2004) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2004.00087.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Weiler, I. J., Spangler, C. C., Klintsova, A. Y., Grossman, A. W., Kim, S. H., Bertaina-Anglade, V., Khaliq, H., de Vries, F. E., Lambers, F. A. E., Hatia, F., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407533101 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Altered mTOR signaling and enhanced CYFIP2 expression levels in subjects with fragile X syndrome
Hoeffer, C. A., Sanchez, E., Hagerman, R. J., Mu, Y., Nguyen, D. V., Wong, H., Whelan, A. M., Zukin, R. S., Klann, E., & Tassone, F. (2012) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00768.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Shi, Z., & Barna, M. (2015) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125346 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in brain development and plasticity
Elmer, B. M., & McAllister, A. K. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.001 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Circuit and Plasticity Defects in the Developing Somatosensory Cortex of<i>Fmr1</i>Knock-Out Mice
Bureau, I., Shepherd, G. M. G., & Svoboda, K. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1076-08.2008 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Lozano, R., Rosero, C. A., & Hagerman, R. J. (2014) · Intractable & Rare Diseases Research · doi:10.5582/irdr.2014.01022 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Unifying Views of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Consideration of Autoregulatory Feedback Loops
Mullins, C., Fishell, G., & Tsien, R. W. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.017 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Khandjian, E. W., Huot, M.-E., Tremblay, S., Davidovic, L., Mazroui, R., & Bardoni, B. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405398101 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
iPSC-derived forebrain neurons from FXS individuals show defects in initial neurite outgrowth
Doers, M. E., Musser, M. T., Nichol, R., Berndt, E. R., Baker, M., Gomez, T. M., Zhang, S.-C., Abbeduto, L., & Bhattacharyya, A. (2014) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2014.0030 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Abnormal Striatal GABA Transmission in the Mouse Model for the Fragile X Syndrome
Centonze, D., Rossi, S., Mercaldo, V., Napoli, I., Ciotti, M. T., De Chiara, V., Musella, A., Prosperetti, C., Calabresi, P., Bernardi, G., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.008 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Chen, L., Yun, S.-W., Seto, J., Liu, W., & Toth, M. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00406-8 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Min, W. W., Yuskaitis, C. J., Yan, Q., Sikorski, C., Chen, S., Jope, R. S., & Bauchwitz, R. P. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.09.017 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Genetic Changes Shaping the Human Brain
Bae, B.-I., Jayaraman, D., & Walsh, C. A. (2015) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.035 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome
Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., McCarthy, B. E., Parker, K. J., & Reiss, A. L. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.020 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Early developmental alterations in GABAergic protein expression in fragile X knockout mice
Adusei, D. C., Pacey, L. K. K., Chen, D., & Hampson, D. R. (2010) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.05.002 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A mouse model of the human Fragile X syndrome I304N mutation
Zang, J. B., Nosyreva, E. D., Spencer, C. M., Volk, L. J., Musunuru, K., Zhong, R., Stone, E. F., Yuva-Paylor, L. A., Huber, K. M., Paylor, R., et al. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000758 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationSpecies-dependent posttranscriptional regulation of NOS1 by FMRP in the developing cerebral cortex
Kwan, K. Y., Lam, M. M. S., Johnson, M. B., Dube, U., Shim, S., Rašin, M.-R., Sousa, A. M. M., Fertuzinhos, S., Chen, J.-G., Arellano, J. I., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.060 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Strumbos, J. G., Brown, M. R., Kronengold, J., Polley, D. B., & Kaczmarek, L. K. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1125-10.2010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Larson, J., Jessen, R. E., Kim, D., Fine, A.-K. S., & du Hoffmann, J. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2638-05.2005 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Dissecting eukaryotic translation and its control by ribosome density mapping
Arava, Y. (2005) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gki331 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
de Diego-Otero, Y., Romero-Zerbo, Y., Bekay, R. E., Decara, J., Sanchez, L., Fonseca, F. R.-D., & Arco-Herrera, I. D. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.152 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
De Rubeis, S., & Bagni, C. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2009.09.013 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
A metabolomic and systems biology perspective on the brain of the fragile X syndrome mouse model
Davidovic, L., Navratil, V., Bonaccorso, C. M., Catania, M. V., Bardoni, B., & Dumas, M.-E. (2011) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.116764.110 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA at synapses.
Janusz, A., Miłek, J., Perycz, M., Pacini, L., Bagni, C., Kaczmarek, L., & Dziembowska, M. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2207-13.2013 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Reversal of Fragile X Phenotypes by Manipulation of AβPP/Aβ Levels in Fmr1KO Mice
Westmark, C. J., Westmark, P. R., O'Riordan, K. J., Ray, B. C., Hervey, C. M., Salamat, M. S., Abozeid, S. H., Stein, K. M., Stodola, L. A., Tranfaglia, M., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026549 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
CYFIP family proteins between autism and intellectual disability: links with Fragile X syndrome
Abekhoukh, S., & Bardoni, B. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00081 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Therapeutic Strategies in Fragile X Syndrome: From Bench to Bedside and Back
Gross, C., Hoffmann, A., Bassell, G. J., & Berry-Kravis, E. M. (2015) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0355-9 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dahlhaus, R., & El-Husseini, A. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.019 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Aberrant early-phase ERK inactivation impedes neuronal function in fragile X syndrome
Kim, S. H., Markham, J. A., Weiler, I. J., & Greenough, W. T. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0800257105 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cellular and synaptic network defects in autism
Peça, J., & Feng, G. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.02.015 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Orosco, L. A., Ross, A. P., Cates, S. L., Scott, S. E., Wu, D., Sohn, J., Pleasure, D., Pleasure, S. J., Adamopoulos, I. E., & Zarbalis, K. S. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5692 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rescue of dendritic spine phenotype in Fmr1 KO mice with the mGluR5 antagonist AFQ056/Mavoglurant
Pop, A. S., Levenga, J., de Esch, C. E. F., Buijsen, R. A. M., Nieuwenhuizen, I. M., Li, T., Isaacs, A., Gasparini, F., Oostra, B. A., & Willemsen, R. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2947-y · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Tabolacci, E., Pietrobono, R., Moscato, U., Oostra, B. A., Chiurazzi, P., & Neri, G. (2005) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201393 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Fatemi, S. H., & Folsom, T. D. (2011) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-2-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
El Bekay, R., Romero‐Zerbo, Y., Decara, J., Sanchez‐Salido, L., Del Arco‐Herrera, I., Rodríguez‐de Fonseca, F., & De Diego‐Otero, Y. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05939.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
On BC1 RNA and the fragile X mental retardation protein
Iacoangeli, A., Rozhdestvensky, T. S., Dolzhanskaya, N., Tournier, B., Schütt, J., Brosius, J., Denman, R. B., Khandjian, E. W., Kindler, S., & Tiedge, H. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710991105 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Aberrant differentiation of glutamatergic cells in neocortex of mouse model for fragile X syndrome.
Tervonen, T. A., Louhivuori, V., Sun, X., Hokkanen, M.-E., Kratochwil, C. F., Zebryk, P., Castrén, E., & Castrén, M. L. (2009) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.10.010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The role of fragile X mental retardation protein in major mental disorders
Fatemi, S. H., & Folsom, T. D. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.011 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Fragile X mental retardation protein levels are decreased in major psychiatric disorders
Fatemi, S. H., Kneeland, R. E., Liesch, S. B., & Folsom, T. D. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.07.017 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Abekhoukh, S., Sahin, H. B., Grossi, M., Zongaro, S., Maurin, T., Madrigal, I., Kazue-Sugioka, D., Raas-Rothschild, A., Doulazmi, M., Carrera, P., et al. (2017) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.025809 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“We can thus conclude that the co-repressor activity of CYFIP1-FMRP does not affect G-quadruplex-containing mRNAs, which represent a subset of FMRP targets (Brown et al., 2001; Maurin et al., 2014; Suhl et al., 2015).”
Hyperexcitability and homeostasis in fragile X Syndrome.
Liu, X., Kumar, V., Tsai, N.-P., & Auerbach, B. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.805929 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Wang, H., Kim, S. S., & Zhuo, M. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.116293 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
- Authors
- Brown, V., Jin, P., Ceman, S., Darnell, J. C., O'Donnell, W. T., Tenenbaum, S. A., Jin, X., Feng, Y., Wilkinson, K. D., Keene, J. D., Darnell, R. B., & Warren, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Warren, Stephen T.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 477-487
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098756736
- Cited by
- 1,109
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 33.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008490, T32GM008169)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS34389, R01NS034389)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37 HD20521, R01 HD40647, P01 HD35576, R37HD020521, R01HD040647, P01HD035576)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, FMRP, G-quartet, RNA-binding proteins, mouse brain, candidate genes
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, Disease Models, Animal, Fragile X Syndrome, Humans, Ligands, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Precipitin Tests, Protein Binding, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Ribosomes, RNA, Messenger, Protein Biosynthesis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, RNA-Binding Proteins, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Mice, Knockout, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Macromolecular Substances, Mice, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
