The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Axon pathology in Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia hippocampus contains α-, β-, and γ-synuclein
Open accessAbstract
Pathogenic α-synuclein (αS) gene mutations occur in rare familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) kindreds, and wild-type αS is a major component of Lewy bodies (LBs) in sporadic PD, dementia with LBs (DLB), and the LB variant of Alzheimer’s disease, but β-synuclein (βS) and γ-synuclein (γS) have not yet been implicated in neurological disorders. Here we show that in PD and DLB, but not normal brains, antibodies to αS and βS reveal novel presynaptic axon terminal pathology in the hippocampal dentate, hilar, and CA2/3 regions, whereas antibodies to γS detect previously unrecognized axonal spheroid-like lesions in the hippocampal dentate molecular layer. The aggregation of other synaptic proteins and synaptic vesicle-like structures in the αS- and βS-labeled hilar dystrophic neurites suggests that synaptic dysfunction may result from these lesions. Our findings broaden the concept of neurodegenerative “synucleinopathies” by implicating βS and γS, in addition to αS, in the onset/progression of PD and DLB.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Spillantini, M. G., Schmidt, M. L., Lee, V. M.-Y., Trojanowski, J. Q., Jakes, R., & Goedert, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42166 · Cited by 8,382
Self-citationMutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease
Polymeropoulos, M. H., Lavedan, C., Leroy, E., Ide, S. E., Dehejia, A., Dutra, A., Pike, B., Root, H., Rubenstein, J., Boyer, R., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2045 · Cited by 8,240
McKeith, I. G., Galasko, D., Kosaka, K., Perry, E. K., Dickson, D. W., Hansen, L. A., Salmon, D. P., Lowe, J., Mirra, S. S., Byrne, E. J., et al. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.5.1113 · Cited by 3,960
AlaSOPro mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Krüger, R., Kuhn, W., Müller, T., Woitalla, D., Graeber, M., Kösel, S., Przuntek, H., Epplen, J. T., Schols, L., & Riess, O. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0298-106 · Cited by 3,836
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein–protein interactions
Südhof, T. C. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375645a0 · Cited by 1,989
(1998) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1,594
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease.
Uéda, K., Fukushima, H., Masliah, E., Xia, Y., Iwai, A., Yoshimoto, M., Otero, D. A., Kondo, J., Ihara, Y., & Saitoh, T. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11282 · Cited by 1,480
Wiedenmann, B., & Franke, W. W. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80082-9 · Cited by 1,428
Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain
Jakes, R., Spillantini, M. G., & Goedert, M. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00395-5 · Cited by 1,080
Tu, P., Galvin, J. E., Baba, M., Giasson, B., Tomita, T., Leight, S., Nakajo, S., Iwatsubo, T., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410440324 · Cited by 686
Self-citation
Cited by
In vivo demonstration that α-synuclein oligomers are toxic
Winner, B., Jappelli, R., Maji, S. K., Desplats, P. A., Boyer, L., Aigner, S., Hetzer, C., Loher, T., Vilar, M., Campioni, S., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1100976108 · Cited by 1,463
-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease
Stefanis, L. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009399 · Cited by 1,446
Giasson, B. I., Murray, I. V. J., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008919200 · Cited by 1,080
Self-citationAutophagy and apoptosis dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders
Ghavami, S., Shojaei, S., Yeganeh, B., Ande, S. R., Jangamreddy, J. R., Mehrpour, M., Christoffersson, J., Chaabane, W., Moghadam, A. R., Kashani, H. H., et al. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.004 · Cited by 1,039
Clinical progression in Parkinson disease and the neurobiology of axons
Cheng, H., Ulane, C. M., & Burke, R. E. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21995 · Cited by 1,012
Metadata
- Authors
- Galvin, J. E., Uryu, K., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-11-09
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 13450-13455
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1485683953
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 12.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Axon pathology in Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia hippocampus contains α-, β-, and γ-synuclein. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.96.23.13450
- The paper
- Galvin, J. E., Uryu, K., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (1999). Axon pathology in Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia hippocampus contains α-, β-, and γ-synuclein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.23.13450
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
