Noninvasive measurement of anatomic structure and intraluminal oxygenation in the gastrointestinal tract of living mice with spatial and spectral EPR imaging
Open accessAbstract
EPR imaging has emerged as an important tool for noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) spatial mapping of free radicals in biological tissues. Spectral-spatial EPR imaging enables mapping of the spectral information at each spatial position, and, from the observed line width, the localized tissue oxygenation can be mapped. We report the development of EPR imaging instrumentation enabling 3D spatial and spectral-spatial EPR imaging of small animals. This instrumentation, along with the use of a biocompatible charcoal oximetry-probe suspension, enabled 3D spatial imaging of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with mapping of oxygenation in living mice. By using these techniques, the oxygen tension was mapped at different levels of the GI tract from the stomach to the rectum. The results clearly show the presence of a marked oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI tract, which decreases after respiratory arrest. This technique for in vivo mapping of oxygenation is a promising method, enabling the noninvasive imaging of oxygen within the normal GI tract. This method should be useful in determining the alterations in oxygenation associated with disease.
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The O2 level at the luminal surface of the intestinal tract has been reported to range from 2% to 7%.
“typically, the O2 level at the luminal surface has been reported to range from 2% to 7% [19–21].”
From Nitrate reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide and ammonia by gut bacteria under physiological conditions (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- He, G., Shankar, R. A., Chzhan, M., Samouilov, A., Kuppusamy, P., & Zweier, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1999-04-13
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4586-4591
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC16376
- OpenAlex
- W2071825506
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electron Spin Resonance Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- EPR imaging, gastrointestinal tract, tissue oxygenation, oxygen gradients, respiratory arrest, non-invasive imaging, mice, small animal imaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Calibration, Charcoal, Colon, Digestive System, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Equipment Design, Intestine, Small, Mice, Inbred C3H, Oximetry, Oxygen, Rectum, Stomach, Mice
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