Cited by 351Cancer-related Molecular PathwaysPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerFOXO transcription factor regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

PTEN Protects p53 from Mdm2 and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy

Open access

Mayo, Lindsey D., Dixon, Jack E., Durden, Donald L., Tonks, Nickolas K., Donner, David B.·2002·Journal of Biological Chemistry

DOI 10.1074/jbc.m108302200

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The PTEN tumor suppressor protein inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling that promotes translocation of Mdm2 into the nucleus. When restricted to the cytoplasm, Mdm2 is degraded. The ability of PTEN to inhibit the nuclear entry of Mdm2 increases the cellular content and transactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Retroviral transduction of PTEN into U87MG (PTEN null) glioblastoma cells increases p53 activity and expression of p53 target genes and induces cell cycle arrest. U87MG/PTEN glioblastoma cells are more sensitive than U87MG/PTEN null cells to death induced by etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces DNA damage. Previously, tumor suppressor proteins have been supposed to act individually to suppress cancers. Our results establish a direct connection between the activities of two major tumor suppressors and show that they act together to respond to stresses and malignancies. PTEN protects p53 from survival signals, permitting p53 to function as a guardian of the genome. By virtue of its capacity to protect p53, PTEN can sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy that relies on p53 activity. p53 induces PTEN gene expression, and here it is shown that PTEN protects p53, indicating that a positive feedback loop may amplify the cellular response to stress, damage, and cancer.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.m108302200

Cites

64 of 64 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression
El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V. E., Levy, D. B., Parsons, R., Trent, J. M., Lin, D., Mercer, W. E., Kinzler, K. W., & Vogelstein, B. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-p · Cited by 8,321
p53 Mutations in Human Cancers
Hollstein, M., Sidransky, D., Vogelstein, B., & Harris, C. C. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1905840 · Cited by 8,018
p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
Levine, A. J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81871-1 · Cited by 7,693
Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis
Hanahan, D., & Folkman, J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80108-7 · Cited by 6,885
Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery
Datta, S. R., Dudek, H., Tao, X., Masters, S., Fu, H., Gotoh, Y., & Greenberg, M. E. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80405-5 · Cited by 5,689
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
Wade Harper, J. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-g · Cited by 5,651
Akt Promotes Cell Survival by Phosphorylating and Inhibiting a Forkhead Transcription Factor
Brunet, A., Bonni, A., Zigmond, M. J., Lin, M. Z., Juo, P., Hu, L. S., Anderson, M. J., Arden, K. C., Blenis, J., & Greenberg, M. E. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80595-4 · Cited by 5,594
PTEN , a Putative Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gene Mutated in Human Brain, Breast, and Prostate Cancer
Li, J., Yen, C., Liaw, D., Podsypanina, K., Bose, S., Wang, S. I., Puc, J., Miliaresis, C., Rodgers, L., McCombie, R., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1943 · Cited by 4,785
Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours
Donehower, L. A., Harvey, M., Slagle, B. L., McArthur, M. J., Montgomery, C. A., Butel, J. S., & Bradley, A. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356215a0 · Cited by 4,649
Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53
Haupt, Y., Maya, R., Kazaz, A., & Oren, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387296a0 · Cited by 4,506
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis.
Greenblatt, M. S., Bennett, W. P., Hollstein, M., & Harris, C. C. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 3,463
Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2
Kubbutat, M. H. G., Jones, S. N., & Vousden, K. H. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387299a0 · Cited by 3,312
The mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53-mediated transactivation
Momand, J., Zambetti, G. P., Olson, D. C., George, D., & Levine, A. J. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90644-r · Cited by 3,113
The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
Maehama, T., & Dixon, J. E. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.22.13375 · Cited by 3,104
Self-citation
NF-kappaB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation.
Wang, C.-Y., Mayo, M., Korneluk, R., Goeddel, D., & Baldwin, A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1680 · Cited by 2,950
Identification of a candidate tumour suppressor gene, MMAC1, at chromosome 10q23.3 that is mutated in multiple advanced cancers
Steck, P. A., Pershouse, M. A., Jasser, S. A., Yung, W. K. A., Lin, H., Ligon, A. H., Langford, L. A., Baumgard, M. L., Hattier, T., Davis, T., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0497-356 · Cited by 2,742
Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN
Stambolic, V., Suzuki, A., de la Pompa, J. L., Brothers, G. M., Mirtsos, C., Sasaki, T., Ruland, J., Penninger, J. M., Siderovski, D. P., & Mak, T. W. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81780-8 · Cited by 2,551
Regulation of Cell Death Protease Caspase-9 by Phosphorylation
Cardone, M. H., Roy, N., Stennicke, H. R., Salvesen, G. S., Franke, T. F., Stanbridge, E., Frisch, S., & Reed, J. C. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1318 · Cited by 2,481
Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt
Dudek, H., Datta, S. R., Franke, T. F., Birnbaum, M. J., Yao, R., Cooper, G. M., Segal, R. A., Kaplan, D. R., & Greenberg, M. E. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.661 · Cited by 2,436
Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome
Liaw, D., Marsh, D. J., Li, J., Dahia, P. L. M., Wang, S. I., Zheng, Z., Bose, S., Call, K. M., Tsou, H. C., Peacoke, M., et al. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0597-64 · Cited by 2,067
New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway
Cantley, L. C., & Neel, B. G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.8.4240 · Cited by 2,018
Oncoprotein MDM2 is a ubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53
Honda, R., Tanaka, H., & Yasuda, H. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01480-4 · Cited by 1,951
NF-κB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine–threonine kinase
Nidai Ozes, O., Mayo, L. D., Gustin, J. A., Pfeffer, S. R., Pfeffer, L. M., & Donner, D. B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43466 · Cited by 1,832
Self-citation
The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop.
Wu, X., Bayle, J. H., Olson, D., & Levine, A. J. (1993) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.7.7a.1126 · Cited by 1,801
NF-κB is a target of AKT in anti-apoptotic PDGF signalling
Romashkova, J. A., & Makarov, S. S. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43474 · Cited by 1,517
Oncoprotein MDM2 conceals the activation domain of tumour suppressor p53
Oliner, J. D., Pietenpol, J. A., Thiagalingam, S., Gyuris, J., Kinzler, K. W., & Vogelstein, B. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362857a0 · Cited by 1,474
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway promotes translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
Mayo, L. D., & Donner, D. B. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.181181198 · Cited by 1,230
Self-citation
The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN is critical for its tumor supressor function
Myers, M. P., Pass, I., Batty, I. H., KAAY, J. V. D., Stolarov, J. P., Hemmings, B. A., Wigler, M. H., Downes, C. P., & Tonks, N. K. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13513 · Cited by 1,161
Self-citation
The PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway delivers an anti-apoptotic signal.Preprint
Kennedy, S. G., Wagner, A. J., Conzen, S. D., Jordán, J., Bellacosa, A., Tsichlis, P. N., & Hay, N. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.6.701 · Cited by 1,076
Matrix adhesion and Ras transformation both activate a phosphoinositide 3‐OH kinase and protein kinase B/Akt cellular survival pathway
Khwaja, A., Rodriguez‐Viciana, P., Wennström, S., Warne, P. H., & Downward, J. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.10.2783 · Cited by 1,041
Antiapoptotic Signalling by the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and Akt
Kulik, G., Klippel, A., & Weber, M. J. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1595 · Cited by 1,038
p53 controls both the G2/M and the G1 cell cycle checkpoints and mediates reversible growth arrest in human fibroblasts.
Agarwal, M. L., Agarwal, A., Taylor, W. R., & Stark, G. R. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8493 · Cited by 858
Induction of NF-κB by the Akt/PKB kinase
Kane, L., Shapiro, V. S., Stokoe, D., & Weiss, A. (1999) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80265-6 · Cited by 846
Presence of a Potent Transcription Activating Sequence in the p53 Protein
Fields, S., & Jang, S. K. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2144363 · Cited by 790
Tumorigenic potential associated with enhanced expression of a gene that is amplified in a mouse tumor cell line.
Fakharzadeh, S. S., Trusko, S. P., & George, D. L. (1991) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07676.x · Cited by 704
Mapping of the p53 and mdm-2 Interaction Domains
Chen, J., Maréchal, V., & Levine, A. J. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.7.4107 · Cited by 700
Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation
Marsh, D. (1998) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/7.3.507 · Cited by 653
Nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling of the hdm2 oncoprotein regulates the levels of the p53 protein via a pathway used by the human immunodeficiency virus rev protein
Roth, J., Dobbelstein, M., Freedman, D. A., Shenk, T., & Levine, A. J. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.2.554 · Cited by 610
PTEN: a tumour suppressor that functions as a phospholipid phosphatase
Maehama, T. (1999) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(99)01519-6 · Cited by 591
Functions of the MDM2 oncoprotein
Freedman, D. A., Wu, L., & Levine, A. J. (1999) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050273 · Cited by 573
Amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 gene in a subset of human malignant gliomas without p53 mutations.
Reifenberger, G., Liu, L., Ichimura, K., Schmidt, E., & Collins, V. P. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 562
Spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice.
Harvey, M., McArthur, M. J., Montgomery, C. A., Butel, J. S., Bradley, A., & Donehower, L. A. (1993) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1193-225 · Cited by 542
Transduction of interleukin-2 antiapoptotic and proliferative signals via Akt protein kinase
Ahmed, N. N., Grimes, H. L., Bellacosa, A., Chan, T. O., & Tsichlis, P. N. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3627 · Cited by 519
Akt Signaling--Linking Membrane Events to Life and Death Decisions
Hemmings, B. A. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.628 · Cited by 514
Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activity is elevated in glioblastoma cells due to mutation of the tumor suppressor PTEN/MMAC
Haas-Kogan, D. A., Shalev, N., Wong, M. P., Mills, G. B., Yount, G. L., & Stokoe, D. (1998) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(07)00493-9 · Cited by 475
The phosphoinositol phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates a serum-sensitive G1 growth arrest in glioma cells.
Furnari, F. B., Huang, H., & Cavenee, W. K. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 395
Interleukin 3-dependent survival by the Akt protein kinase
Songyang, Z., Baltimore, D., Cantley, L. C., Kaplan, D. R., & Franke, T. F. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11345 · Cited by 361
Opposing Effects of Ras on p53
Ries, S., Biederer, C., Woods, D., Shifman, O., Shirasawa, S., Sasazuki, T., McMahon, M., Oren, M., & McCormick, F. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00123-9 · Cited by 357
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of oncoprotein Hdm2 is required for Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53
Tao, W., & Levine, A. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3077 · Cited by 355
The mdm-2 oncogene can overcome wild-type p53 suppression of transformed cell growth.
Finlay, C. A. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.1.301 · Cited by 311
Mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis
Bates, S., & Vousden, K. H. (1999) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050267 · Cited by 304
PTEN controls tumor-induced angiogenesis
Wen, S., Stolarov, J. P., Myers, M. P., Su, J. D., Wigler, M. H., Tonks, N. K., & Durden, D. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.081063798 · Cited by 243
Self-citation
Suppression of tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells by adenovirus-mediated MMAC1/PTEN gene transfer.
Cheney, I. W., Johnson, D. E., Vaillancourt, M. T., Avanzini, J. B., Morimoto, A. M., Demers, G. W., Wills, K. N., Shabram, P. W., Bolen, J. B., Tavtigian, S. V., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 189
Phosphoinositide 3-OH Kinase (PI3K) and PKB/Akt Delay the Onset of p53-mediated, Transcriptionally Dependent Apoptosis
Sabbatini, P., & McCormick, F. P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24263 · Cited by 141
MDM2 protein confers the resistance of a human glioblastoma cell line to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.
Kondo, S., Barnett, G. H., Hara, H., Morimura, T., & Takeuchi, J. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 112
MMAC1/PTEN inhibits cell growth and induces chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in human bladder cancer cells
Tanaka, M., Koul, D., Davies, M. A., Liebert, M., Steck, P. A., & Grossman, H. B. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203918 · Cited by 103
Cytokine rescue of p53-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest is mediated by distinct Jak kinase signaling pathwaysPreprint
Quelle, F. W., Wang, J., Feng, J., Wang, D., Cleveland, J. L., Ihle, J. N., & Zambetti, G. P. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.8.1099 · Cited by 96
Activated H-ras Rescues E1A-Induced Apoptosis and Cooperates with E1A To Overcome p53-Dependent Growth Arrest
Lin, H.-J. L., Eviner, V. T., Prendergast, G. C., & White, E. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.8.4536 · Cited by 94
PTEN: Sometimes Taking It Off Can Be Better than Putting It On
Myers, M. P., & Tonks, N. K. (1997) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/301659 · Cited by 94
Self-citation
Somatic deletion mapping on chromosome 10 and sequence analysis of PTEN/MMAC1 point to the 10q25-26 region as the primary target in low-grade and high-grade gliomas
Maier, D., Zhang, Z., Taylor, E., Hamou, M., Gratzl, O., Meir, E. G. V., Scott, R. J., & Merlo, A. U. (1998) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201832 · Cited by 89
The tumorigenic potential and cell growth characteristics of p53-deficient cells are equivalent in the presence or absence of Mdm2
Jones, S. N., Sands, A., Hancock, A. R., Vogel, H. S., Donehower, L. A., Linke, S. P., Wahl, G. M., & Bradley, A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.14106 · Cited by 87
Cytokines Inhibit p53-Mediated Apoptosis but Not p53-Mediated G1 Arrest
Lin, Y., & Benchimol, S. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.11.6045 · Cited by 75
Restoration of Wild-type PTEN Expression Leads to Apoptosis, Induces Differentiation, and Reduces Telomerase Activity in Human Glioma Cells
Tian, X.-X., Pang, J. C., To, S. S. T., & Ng, H. (1999) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199905000-00006 · Cited by 56
Cellulose
(2001) · Cellulose · doi:10.1023/a:1016672318075 · Cited by 2

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 8

Furnari, 1998, Cancer Res., 58, 5002
Chen, 1993, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 4107
Kubbutat, 1999, Cell Growth Diff., 10, 87
Greenblatt, 1994, Cancer Res., 54, 4855
Finlay, 1993, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 301
Cheney, 1998, Cancer Res., 58, 2331
Reifenberger, 1993, Cancer Res., 53, 2736
Kondo, 1995, Oncogene, 10, 2001

Sorted by citations

The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–AKT pathway in human cancer
Vivanco, I., & Sawyers, C. L. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc839 · Cited by 6,155
MDM2, MDMX and p53 in oncogenesis and cancer therapy
Wade, M., Li, Y.-C., & Wahl, G. M. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3430 · Cited by 1,279
Dynamics of the p53-Mdm2 feedback loop in individual cells
Lahav, G., Rosenfeld, N., Sigal, A., Geva‐Zatorsky, N., Levine, A. J., Elowitz, M. B., & Alon, U. (2004) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1293 · Cited by 1,026
Survival signalling by Akt and eIF4E in oncogenesis and cancer therapy
Wendel, H., de Stanchina, E., Fridman, J. S., Malina, A., Ray, S., Kogan, S. C., Cordon‐Cardo, C., Pelletier, J., & Lowe, S. W. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02369 · Cited by 956
Apoptosis and melanoma chemoresistance
Soengas, M. S., & Lowe, S. W. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206454 · Cited by 836

See all 351

Authors: Mayo, L. D., Dixon, J. E., Durden, D. L., Tonks, N. K., & Donner, D. B.
Affiliations: Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Donner, David B.
ORCID: Mayo, Lindsey D.
Dixon, Jack E.
Durden, Donald L.
Donner, David B.
Venue: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-02
Volume: 277
Issue: 7
Pages: 5484-5489
ISSN: 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108302200
OpenAlex: W2132279561
Cited by: 351
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 11.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 6901 d)
Locations: Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › FOXO transcription factor regulation
Keywords: PTEN, p53, MDM2, tumor suppressor cooperation, glioblastoma, etoposide sensitivity, chemosensitization, PI3K/Akt signaling, nuclear translocation, cell cycle arrest, positive feedback loop, DNA damage response, U87 cells
MeSH terms: Cell Cycle, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Cloning, Molecular, Cytoplasm, DNA Damage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Coloring Agents, Etoposide, Glioblastoma, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasms, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Precipitin Tests, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Retroviridae, Tetrazolium Salts, Thiazoles, Transcription, Genetic, Transduction, Genetic, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Down-Regulation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Genes, Reporter, Microscopy, Confocal, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

PTEN Protects p53 from Mdm2 and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks