Opposing Effects of Ras on p53
Open accessAbstract
Mdm2 acts as a major regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 by targeting its destruction. Here, we show that the mdm2 gene is also regulated by the Ras-driven Raf/MEK/MAP kinase pathway, in a p53-independent manner. Mdm2 induced by activated Raf degrades p53 in the absence of the Mdm2 inhibitor p19ARF. This regulatory pathway accounts for the observation that cells transformed by oncogenic Ras are more resistant to p53-dependent apoptosis following exposure to DNA damage. Activation of the Ras-induced Raf/MEK/MAP kinase may therefore play a key role in suppressing p53 during tumor development and treatment. In primary cells, Raf also activates the Mdm2 inhibitor p19ARF. Levels of p53 are therefore determined by opposing effects of Raf-induced p19ARF and Mdm2.
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RAS signalling converges on activation of ETS transcription factors, and overexpression of RAS leads to ETS-dependent upregulation of both MDM2 and MDMX expression.
“The RAS signalling pathway converges on the activation of ETS transcription factors, and overexpression of RAS leads to ETS-dependent upregulation of both MDM2 and MDMX expression9,25.”
From MDM2, MDMX and p53 in oncogenesis and cancer therapy (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Ries, S., Biederer, C., Woods, D., Shifman, O., Shirasawa, S., Sasazuki, T., McMahon, M., Oren, M., & McCormick, F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- McCormick, Frank
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 321-330
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022614681
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- Ras, p53, MDM2, p19ARF, p53 degradation, p53-dependent apoptosis, DNA damage resistance, oncogenic Ras, tumor suppression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Line, Gamma Rays, Mice, Mutant Strains, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagens, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Radiation Tolerance, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, ras Proteins, Transcription Factor AP-1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf, Response Elements, Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
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