Recombinant membrane-targeted form of CD59 inhibits the growth of choroidal neovascular complex in mice
Open accessAbstract
This study was designed to explore the effect of recombinant, membrane-targeted CD59 (rCD59-APT542) on the growth and size of fully developed neovascular complex using the murine model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 mice using an argon laser, and the animals received rCD59-APT542 via intravitreal (ivt) route. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and total complement hemolytic assay demonstrated that exogenously administered rCD59-APT542 was incorporated as well as retained in RPE and choroid and was functionally active in vivo. Single ivt injection during the growth of the CNV (i.e. at day 3 post-laser) resulted in ∼79% inhibition of the further growth of neovascular complex. The size of the CNV complex was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the administration of rCD59-APT542 after the CNV complex has fully developed (i.e. at day 7 post-laser). Treatment with rCD59-APT542 blocked the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC), increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in the neovascular complex. On the basis of results presented here we conclude that recombinant membrane targeted CD59 inhibited the growth of the CNV complex and reduced the size of fully developed CNV in the laser-induced mouse model. We propose that a combination of two mechanisms: increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation, both resulting from local inhibition of MAC, may be responsible for inhibition of CNV by rCD59-APT542.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several experiments using mouse models of laser-induced CNV have demonstrated that all complement pathways, particularly the alternative and terminal pathways, play a significant role in angiogenesis.
“Several experiments using mouse models of laser-induced CNV have demonstrated that all complement pathways, particularly the alternative and terminal pathways, play a significant role in angiogenesis [150,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163].”
From Bruch’s Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [159]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Blindness due to Neovascular Maculopathy
Ferris, F. L., Fine, S., & Hyman, L. (1984) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040031330019 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Fine, S. L., Berger, J. W., Maguire, M. G., & Ho, A. C. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002173420707 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Age-related Macular Degeneration
Evans, J. R. (2001) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00023-9 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Transcriptional autoregulation of the bone related CBFA1/RUNX2 gene
Drissi, H., Luc, Q., Shakoori, R., Lopes, S. M. C. D. S., Choi, J., Terry, A., Hu, M., Jones, S. N., Neil, J. C., Lian, J. B., et al. (2000) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/1097-4652(200009)184:3 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Bora, P. S., Sohn, J.-H., Cruz, J. M. C., Jha, P., Nishihori, H., Wang, Y., Kaliappan, S., Kaplan, H. J., & Bora, N. S. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.491 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular basis for a link between complement and the vascular complications of diabetes
Acosta, J. A. T., Hettinga, J., Flückiger, R., Krumrei, N. J., Goldfine, A. B., Angarita, L., & Halperin, J. A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5450 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Ryan, S. J. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Beyond lysis: how complement influences cell fate
Cole, D., & Morgan, B. P. (2003) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20020362 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationVerkaik, N. S., Esveldt, R. E., van Heemst, D., Brüggenwirth, H. T., Hoeijmakers, J. H. J., Zdzienicka, M. Z., & van Gent, D. C. (2002) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200203)32:3 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The role of complement system in ocular diseases including uveitis and macular degeneration
Jha, P., Bora, P. S., & Bora, N. S. (2007) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.145 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationBora, N. S., Kaliappan, S., Jha, P., Xu, Q., Sohn, J.-H., Dhaulakhandi, D. B., Kaplan, H. J., & Bora, P. S. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1872 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationTerminal complement complex C5b-9 stimulates mitogenesis in 3T3 cells.
Halperin, J. A., Taratuska, A., & Nicholson-Weller, A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116418 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
C5b-9 membrane attack complex mediates endothelial cell apoptosis in experimental glomerulonephritis
Hughes, J., Nangaku, M., Alpers, C. E., Shankland, S. J., Couser, W. G., & Johnson, R. J. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.5.f747 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
CD59a Is the Primary Regulator of Membrane Attack Complex Assembly in the Mouse1
Baalasubramanian, S., Harris, C., Donev, R., Mizuno, M., Omidvar, N., Song, W.-C., & Morgan, B. (2004) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3684 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationBora, N. S., Kaliappan, S., Jha, P., Xu, Q., Sivasankar, B., Harris, C. L., Morgan, B. P., & Bora, P. S. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1783 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationComplement regulatory activity of normal human intraocular fluid is mediated by MCP, DAF, and CD59.
Sohn, J.-H., Kaplan, H. J., Suk, H.-J., Bora, P. S., & Bora, N. S. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationMembrane-targeted complement inhibitors
Smith, G. (2001) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00047-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Harris, C. L., Hanna, S. M., Mizuno, M., Holt, D. S., Marchbank, K. J., & Morgan, B. P. (2003) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01628.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneration of a Recombinant, Membrane-targeted Form of the Complement Regulator CD59
Fraser, D. A., Harris, C. L., Williams, A. S., Mizuno, M., Gallagher, S., Smith, R. A., & Morgan, B. P. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m302598200 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationSato, T., van Dixhoorn, M. G. A., Prins, F. A., Mooney, A. F., Verhagen, N. A. M., Muizert, Y., Savill, J., van Es, L. A., & Daha, M. R. (1999) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.v1061242 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lewis, R. D., Jackson, C. L., Morgan, B. P., & Hughes, T. R. (2009) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.035 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanism of age related macular degeneration
Husain, D., Ambati, B. K., ADAMIS, A., & Miller, J. W. (2002) · Ophthalmology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0896-1549(01)00009-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Alcohol linked to enhanced angiogenesis in rat model of choroidal neovascularization
Bora, P. S., Kaliappan, S., Xu, Q., Kumar, S., Wang, Y., Kaplan, H. J., & Bora, N. S. (2006) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05163.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationLyzogubov, V. V., Tytarenko, R. G., Thotakura, S., Viswanathan, T., Bora, N. S., & Bora, P. S. (2009) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.04.013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmack, I., Berglin, L., Nie, X., Wen, J., Kang, S. J., Marcus, A. I., Yang, H., Lynn, M., Kapp, J. A., & Grossniklaus, H. E. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Influence of age on retinochoroidal healing processes after argon photocoagulation in C57bl/6j mice.
Dot, C., Parier, V., Béhar‐Cohen, F., BenEzra, D., Jonet, L., Thillaye-Goldenberg, B., Picard, É., Camelo, S., de Kozak, Y., May, F., et al. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Influence of triamcinolone intravitreal injection on retinochoroidal healing processes
Dot, C., Béhar‐Cohen, F., BenEzra, D., Doat, M., Jonet, L., May, F., & Jeanny, J. C. (2007) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fraser, D. A., Harris, C. L., Smith, R. A., & Morgan, B. P. (2002) · Protein Science · doi:10.1110/ps.0212402 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterisation of the complement susceptibility of the rat aortic smooth muscle cell line A7r5
Capey, S., Mosedale, J. G. Q., & van den Berg, C. W. (2006) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.01.014 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ryan, S. J. (1979) Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 77, 707-745
- Acosta, J., Hettinga, J., Flu ¨ckiger, R., Krumrei, N., Goldfine, A., Angarita, L., and Halperin, J. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 5450 -5455
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microglial phagocytosis of neurons in neurodegeneration, and its regulation
Butler, C. A., Popescu, A. S., Kitchener, E. J. A., Allendorf, D. H., Puigdellívol, M., & Brown, G. C. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15327 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
The Membrane Attack Complex in Aging Human Choriocapillaris
Mullins, R. F., Schoo, D. P., Sohn, E. H., Flamme‐Wiese, M. J., Workamelahu, G., Johnston, R. M., Wang, K., Tucker, B. A., & Stone, E. M. (2014) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.017 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Age-related macular degeneration and the complement system
Khandhadia, S., Cipriani, V., Yates, J. R. W., & Lotery, A. J. (2011) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.019 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Targeting the complement system for the management of retinal inflammatory and degenerative diseases
Xu, H., & Chen, M. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.001 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases
Akhtar‐Schäfer, I., Wang, L., Krohne, T. U., Xu, H., & Langmann, T. (2018) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201708259 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Cashman, S. M., Ramo, K., & Kumar-Singh, R. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019078 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The innate immune system in diabetic retinopathy
Pan, W. W., Lin, F., & Fort, P. E. (2021) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100940 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Progress and Trends in Complement Therapeutics
Ricklin, D., & Lambris, J. D. (2012) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_1 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Role of the Immune Response in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Whitcup, S. M., Sodhi, A., Atkinson, J. P., Holers, V. M., Sinha, D., Rohrer, B., & Dick, A. D. (2013) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/348092 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Zhang, H., & Verkman, A. S. (2014) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.011 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization
Lyzogubov, V. V., Tytarenko, R. G., Liu, J., Bora, N. S., & Bora, P. S. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.204701 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationA Revised Hemodynamic Theory of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Gelfand, B. D., & Ambati, J. (2016) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.06.009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Rohrer, B., Coughlin, B., Kunchithapautham, K., Long, Q., Tomlinson, S., Takahashi, K., & Holers, V. M. (2011) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.12.016 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Oxidative stress: The achilles' heel of neurodegenerative diseases of the retina
Cai, X. (2011) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/4033 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Altered Expression of CD46 and CD59 on Leukocytes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Singh, A., Faber, C., Falk, M. K., Nissen, M. H., Hviid, T. V. F., & Sørensen, T. L. (2012) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.01.036 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Bandyopadhyay, M., & Rohrer, B. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8638 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Holers, V. M., Rohrer, B., & Tomlinson, S. (2012) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4118-2_9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Liu, J., Jha, P., Lyzogubov, V. V., Tytarenko, R. G., Bora, N. S., & Bora, P. S. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.226266 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationBora, N. S., Matta, B., Lyzogubov, V. V., & Bora, P. S. (2014) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.012 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationComplement System and Potential Therapeutics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Park, Y. G., Park, Y. S., & Kim, I. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136851 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lyzogubov, V. V., Bora, P. S., Wu, X., Horn, L. E., de Roque, R., Rudolf, X. V., Atkinson, J. P., & Bora, N. S. (2016) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationHammadi, S., Tzoumas, N., Ferrara, M., Meschede, I. P., Lo, K., Harris, C., Lako, M., & Steel, D. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082870 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Complement Regulatory Protein CD46 Protects against Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice
Lyzogubov, V., Wu, X., Jha, P., Tytarenko, R., Triebwasser, M., Kolar, G., Bertram, P., Bora, P. S., Atkinson, J. P., & Bora, N. S. (2014) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-Related Macular Degeneration: A Disease of Systemic or Local Complement Dysregulation?
Warwick, A., Khandhadia, S., Ennis, S., & Lotery, A. J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm3041234 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rohrer, B., Coughlin, B. A., Bandyopadhyay, M., & Holers, V. M. (2012) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2011.0212 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Schnabolk, G., Parsons, N., Obert, E., Annamalai, B., Nasarre, C., Tomlinson, S., Lewin, A. S., & Rohrer, B. (2017) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2017.11.003 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
New neovascular age‐related macular degeneration is associated with systemic leucocyte activity
Subhi, Y., & Sørensen, T. L. (2016) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.13330 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gan, Z., Wang, B., Zhou, W. X., Lu, Y., Zhu, W., Tang, J., Jian, J., & Wu, Z. (2015) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.035 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Jensen, E. G., Jakobsen, T. S., Thiel, S., Askou, A. L., & Corydon, T. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21249752 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zhao, N., Hao, X.-N., Huang, J.-M., Song, Z., & Tao, Y. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0823-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Parsons, N., Annamalai, B., Obert, E., Schnabolk, G., Tomlinson, S., & Rohrer, B. (2019) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Complement Factor H Deficiency Results in Decreased Neuroretinal Expression of Cd59a in Aged Mice
Faber, C., Williams, J. A. E., Juel, H. B., Greenwood, J., Nissen, M. H., & Moss, S. E. (2012) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10385 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association of Blood Group Antigen CD59 with Disease
Weinstock, C. (2022) · Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy · doi:10.1159/000521174 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gandhi, J., Cashman, S. M., & Kumar-Singh, R. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021621 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Harvey, H., & Durant, S. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4078-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mechanisms of FH Protection Against Neovascular AMD
Borras, C., Delaunay, K., Slaoui, Y., Abache, T., Jorieux, S., Naud, M., Sanharawi, M. E., Gélizé, E., Lassiaz, P., An, N., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00443 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xu, H., Yi, C., & Chen, M. (2024) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2024.102448 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Complement System as a Therapeutic Target in Retinal Disease
Ong, J., Zarnegar, A., Selvam, A., Driban, M., & Chhablani, J. K. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60060945 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chrzanowska, M., Modrzejewska, A., & Modrzejewska, M. (2018) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2018.11.19 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fields, M. A., Cai, H., Bowrey, H. E., Moreira, E. F., Gooz, M. B., Kunchithapautham, K., Gong, J., Vought, E., & Priore, L. V. D. (2015) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16438 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Role of Complement in the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Piri, N., & Kaplan, H. J. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13050832 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Schnabolk, G., Beon, M. K., Tomlinson, S., & Rohrer, B. (2017) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2016.0101 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Systemic changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Singh, A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, W., Dong, L., Ma, M., Hu, B., Zhen-yu, L., Liu, X., Liu, J., & Li, X. (2016) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s115801 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Complement Regulatory Protein CD59: Insights into Attenuation of Choroidal Neovascularization
Schnabolk, G., Tomlinson, S., & Rohrer, B. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_55 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Unveiling the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of stanniocalcin-1 in retinal degeneration
Wang, K., Liu, Y., Li, S., Zhao, N., Qin, F., Tao, Y., & Song, Z. (2024) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.08.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kruglikov, I. L., & Scherer, P. E. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24270 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of aspirin on models of retinal pigment epithelium pathology
Goyal, S., Lyzogubov, V. V., Ali, O., Bora, P. S., Bora, N. S., & Uwaydat, S. H. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/ceo.12721 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationComplement Pathways and Oxidative Stress in Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Rohrer, B., Bandyopadhyay, M., Kunchithapautham, K., & Thurman, J. M. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-606-7_2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration – Implications for Therapy
Chen, M., & Xu, H. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25658 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wet and Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Induced by Polyethylene GlycolPreprint
Mitchell, R., Logan, C., Lyzogubov, V. V., Bora, N. S., & Bora, P. S. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1318.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationA Revised Hemodynamic Theory of Age-Related
Gelfand, B. D., & Ambati, J. (2016)
- Authors
- Bora, N. S., Jha, P., Lyzogubov, V. V., Kaliappan, S., Liu, J., Tytarenko, R. G., Fraser, D. A., Morgan, B. P., & Bora, P. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bora, Nalini S.
- Bora, Puran S.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 44
- Pages
- 33826-33833
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2962482
- OpenAlex
- W2084557754
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- National Institutes of Health (2P20 RR16460)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY014623, EY 014623, R01EY018812, EY018812)
- National Center for Research Resources (2 P20 RR-16460, P20RR016460, S10RR019395, 1 S10 RR 19395)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Complement system in diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Keywords
- CD59, choroidal neovascularization, membrane attack complex, complement inhibition, laser-induced CNV, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, apoptosis, cell proliferation, intravitreal injection, age-related macular degeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Membrane, Complement System Proteins, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation, Macular Degeneration, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Recombinant Proteins, Apoptosis, CD59 Antigens, Choroidal Neovascularization, Cell Proliferation, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
