The Complement Regulatory Protein CD46 Deficient Mouse Spontaneously Develops Dry-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration–Like Phenotype
Open accessAbstract
In the mouse, membrane cofactor protein (CD46), a key regulator of the alternative pathway of the complement system, is only expressed in the eye and on the inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa. We noted that although Cd46(-/-) mice have normal systemic alternative pathway activating ability, lack of CD46 leads to dysregulated complement activation in the eye, as evidenced by increased deposition of C5b-9 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. A knockout of CD46 induced the following cardinal features of human dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 12-month-old male and female mice: accumulation of autofluorescent material in and hypertrophy of the RPE, dense deposits in and thickening of Bruch's membrane, loss of photoreceptors, cells in subretinal space, and a reduction of choroidal vessels. Collectively, our results demonstrate spontaneous age-related degenerative changes in the retina, RPE, and choroid of Cd46(-/-) mice that are consistent with human dry AMD. These findings provide the exciting possibility of using Cd46(-/-) mice as a convenient and reliable animal model for dry AMD. Having such a relatively straight-forward model for dry AMD should provide valuable insights into pathogenesis and a test model system for novel drug targets. More important, tissue-specific expression of CD46 gives the Cd46(-/-) mouse model of dry AMD a unique advantage over other mouse models using knockout strains.
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Inhibition of CD46 by gene knockout in mouse models led to increased VEGF production in the retina and choroid, increased MAC deposition on these tissues, increased susceptibility to laser-induced CNV, and degenerative changes in retinal tissues resembling an AMD phenotype.
“In addition, the inhibition of CD46 by gene knockout in mouse models led to increased VEGF production in the retina and choroid, increased MAC deposition on these tissues, increased susceptibility to laser-induced CNV, and degenerative changes in retinal tissues resembling an AMD phenotype [166,167].”
From Bruch’s Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2023) · cites this paper as [167]
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Wang, A. L., & Neufeld, A. H. (2009) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.029 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Emerging Role of Complement in Ocular Diseases
Bora, N. S., Jha, P., Lyzogubov, V. V., et al. (2011) · Current Immunology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339511796196656 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Morgan BP, Harris CL (Eds): Complement Regulatory Proteins. San Diego, London: Academic Press, 1999
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Implications of genetic variation in the complement system in age-related macular degeneration
de Jong, S., Gagliardi, G., Garanto, A., de Breuk, A., Lechanteur, Y. T. E., Katti, S., van den Heuvel, L. P., Volokhina, E. B., & den Hollander, A. I. (2021) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100952 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hammadi, S., Tzoumas, N., Ferrara, M., Meschede, I. P., Lo, K., Harris, C., Lako, M., & Steel, D. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082870 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lyzogubov, V. V., Bora, P. S., Wu, X., Horn, L. E., de Roque, R., Rudolf, X. V., Atkinson, J. P., & Bora, N. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bora, Nalini S.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Pathology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2088-2104
- ISSN
- 0002-9440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4973660
- OpenAlex
- W2415663312
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 6.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal Of Pathology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- The Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation
- Lions of Arkansas Foundation, Inc.
- Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center
- Jones Eye Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Complement system in diseases
- Keywords
- CD46, membrane cofactor protein, dry age-related macular degeneration, complement regulation, alternative complement pathway, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, C5b-9 deposition, Bruch's membrane, photoreceptor loss, choroidal vasculature, knockout mouse models, tissue-specific gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Macular Degeneration, Male, Blotting, Western, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Membrane Cofactor Protein, Geographic Atrophy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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