The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Interferon Regulatory Factor, IRF5, Is a Central Mediator of Toll-like Receptor 7 Signaling
Open accessAbstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are critical components of virus-induced immune activation and type I interferon regulation. IRF3 and IRF7 are activated in response to a variety of viruses or after engagement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 by double-stranded RNA and lipopolysaccharide, respectively. The activation of IRF5, is much more restricted. Here we show that in contrast to IRF3 and IRF7, IRF5 is not a target of the TLR3 signaling pathway but is activated by TLR7 or TLR8 signaling. We also demonstrate that MyD88, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1, and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 are required for the activation of IRF5 and IRF7 in the TLR7 signaling pathway. Moreover, ectopic expression of IRF5 enabled type I interferon production in response to TLR7 signaling, whereas knockdown of IRF5 by small interfering RNA reduced type I interferon induction in response to the TLR7 ligand, R-848. IRF5 and IRF7, therefore, emerge from these studies as critical mediators of TLR7 signaling.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The prominent therapeutic efficacy of unmodified mRNA is possibly due to activation of endosomal toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) and subsequently causes pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion via MyD88-dependent IRF-5 phosphorylation (41).”
From mRNA vaccine with unmodified uridine induces robust type I interferon-dependent anti-tumor immunity in a melanoma model (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
Citations
Cites
Janeway, C. A., & Medzhitov, R. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359 · Cited by 8,394
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA
Diebold, S. S., Kaisho, T., Hemmi, H., Akira, S., & Reis e Sousa, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093616 · Cited by 3,444
Role of Adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-Independent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway
Yamamoto, M., Sato, S., Hemmi, H., Hoshino, K., Kaisho, T., Sanjo, H., Takeuchi, O., Sugiyama, M., Okabe, M., Takeda, K., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087262 · Cited by 3,286
IKKε and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway
Fitzgerald, K. A., McWhirter, S. M., Faia, K. L., Rowe, D. C., Latz, E., Golenbock, D. T., Coyle, A. J., Liao, S.-M., & Maniatis, T. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni921 · Cited by 2,680
Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88–dependent signaling pathway
Hemmi, H., Kaisho, T., Takeuchi, O., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Hoshino, K., Horiuchi, T., Tomizawa, H., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni758 · Cited by 2,580
The Nature of the Principal Type 1 Interferon-Producing Cells in Human Blood
Siegal, F. P., Kadowaki, N., Shodell, M., Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. A., Shah, K., Ho, S., Antonenko, S., & Liu, Y.-J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5421.1835 · Cited by 2,293
Kadowaki, N., Ho, S., Antonenko, S., de Waal Malefyt, R., Kastelein, R. A., Bazan, F., & Liu, Y.-J. (2001) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.194.6.863 · Cited by 1,964
Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7
Lund, J. M., Alexopoulou, L., Sato, A., Karow, M. L., Adams, N. C., Gale, N. W., Iwasaki, A., & Flavell, R. A. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400937101 · Cited by 1,854
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Chuang, 2000, Eur. Cytokine Netw., 11, 372
- Du, 2000, Eur. Cytokine Netw., 11, 362
- von Krogh, 2001, Eur. J. Dermatol., 11, 598
- Maniatis, 1986, Harvey Lect., 82, 71
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pathogen Recognition and Inflammatory Signaling in Innate Immune Defenses
Mogensen, T. H. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00046-08 · Cited by 3,296
Toll-like Receptors and the Control of Immunity
Fitzgerald, K. A., & Kagan, J. C. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.041 · Cited by 2,168
Innate immune recognition of viral infection
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1303 · Cited by 1,899
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2006) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401850 · Cited by 1,894
Honda, K., & Taniguchi, T. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1900 · Cited by 1,716
Metadata
- Authors
- Schoenemeyer, A., Barnes, B. J., Mancl, M. E., Latz, E., Goutagny, N., Pitha, P. M., Fitzgerald, K. A., & Golenbock, D. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
- Golenbock, Douglas T.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 280
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 17005-17012
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040706148
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 11.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01A1/CA19737-19A1)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 54060)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-52455, AI 49309, R01AI049309)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- IRF5, IRF7, TLR7, TLR8, TLR7 signaling, type I interferon, MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK1, IRF3, interferon regulatory factors, R848, innate immunity
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Differentiation, Biological Assay, Cell Line, DNA-Binding Proteins, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Glutathione Transferase, Humans, Interferon Type I, Ligands, Lipopolysaccharides, Membrane Glycoproteins, Models, Biological, Phosphorylation, Receptors, Cell Surface, Receptors, Immunologic, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, RNA, Double-Stranded, Time Factors, Transcription Factors, Transfection, Signal Transduction, Genes, Reporter, Electroporation, Microscopy, Confocal, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Interferon Regulatory Factors, Interferon Regulatory Factor-3, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Toll-Like Receptors, Toll-Like Receptor 3, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Toll-Like Receptor 7, Toll-Like Receptor 8, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
