Toxocara: the enigmatic parasite
Abstract
Abstract This book contains 19 chapters focusing on Toxocara and the disease it causes known as toxocariasis. The chapters are divided into the following parts: molecular biology (3 chapters); Toxocara as a model system (2); animal models for toxocariasis (1); human disease (4); immunology of toxocariasis (2); epidemiology of toxocariasis (3); Toxocara in the veterinary context (3); economic impact of the disease (1). It will interest a wide range of general, veterinary and medical parasitologists as well as clinicians and those concerned with public health.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Public parks may be highly contaminated by eggs of T. canis, while sand-boxes and sand-pits by those of T. cati.
“Public parks may be highly contaminated by eggs of T. canis, while sand-boxes and sand-pits by those of T. cati[18,88,90,207,208].”
From Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming (2012) · cites this paper as [90]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity
Audicana, M. T., & Kennedy, M. W. (2008) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00012-07 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
The epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: A zoonosis of global importance
Macpherson, C. N. L. (2013) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.07.004 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Ma, G., Holland, C. V., Wang, T., Hofmann, A., Fan, C., Maizels, R. M., Hotez, P. J., & Gasser, R. B. (2017) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30331-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: Global trends
Torgerson, P. R., & Macpherson, C. N. L. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.017 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Veterinary and public health aspects of Toxocara spp.
Overgaauw, P. A. M., & van Knapen, F. (2013) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.035 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Deplazes, P., Knapen, F. V., Schweiger, A., & Overgaauw, P. A. M. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.014 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
How common is human toxocariasis? Towards standardizing our knowledge
Smith, H. V., Holland, C. V., Taylor, M. R. H., et al. (2009) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.006 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Zoonotic parasites in fecal samples and fur from dogs and cats in The Netherlands
Overgaauw, P. A. M., van Zutphen, L., Hoek, D., Yaya, F. O., Roelfsema, J., Pinelli, E., van Knapen, F., & Kortbeek, L. M. (2009) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.044 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Epidemiologic and zoonotic aspects of ascarid infections in dogs and cats
Lee, A. C. Y., Schantz, P. M., Kazacos, K. R., Montgomery, S. P., & Bowman, D. D. (2010) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.002 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for the analysis of genetic variation
Gasser, R. B., Hu, M., Chilton, N. B., et al. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.485 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts
Strübe, C., Heuer, L., & Janecek, E. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.033 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Laboratory diagnosis of human toxocariasis
Fillaux, J., & Magnaval, J. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.028 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Molecular tools—advances, opportunities and prospects
Gasser, R. B. (2006) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.002 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming
Traversa, D. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-91 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Environmental contamination by canine geohelminths
Traversa, D., di Regalbono, A. F., Cesare, A. D., Torre, F. L., Drake, J., & Pietrobelli, M. (2014) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-67 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“Given that public squares, sandpits, playgrounds, beaches are always at a high risk for heavy contamination by pet faeces and public parks and green areas are always contaminated by parasites of dogs [4,8,101-103], avoiding animal defecation in public areas or immediate collection of stool by the pet owner is crucial…”
BackgroundZoonotic Diseases Associated with Free‐Roaming Cats
Gerhold, R. W., & Jessup, D. A. (2012) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01522.x · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Larval development of Toxocara canis in dogs
Schnieder, T., Laabs, E.-M., & Welz, C. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.027 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of Toxocara : the enigma remains
Holland, C. V. (2015) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182015001407 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Human toxocariasis: current advances in diagnostics, treatment, and interventions
Moreira, G. M. S. G., Telmo, P. D. L., Mendonça, M., et al. (2014) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.003 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Human toxocariasis – A look at a neglected disease through an epidemiological ‘prism’
Rostami, A., Ma, G., Wang, T., Koehler, A. V., Hofmann, A., Chang, B. C. H., Macpherson, C. N., & Gasser, R. B. (2019) · Infection, Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104002 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Contamination of dog hair with eggs of Toxocara canis
Roddie, G., Stafford, P., Holland, C., & Wolfe, A. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.008 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Global prevalence of Toxocara infection in cats
Rostami, A., Sepidarkish, M., Ma, G., Wang, T., Ebrahimi, M., Fakhri, Y., Mirjalali, H., Hofmann, A., Macpherson, C. N. L., Hotez, P. J., et al. (2020) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.025 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Factors affecting disease manifestation of toxocarosis in humans: Genetics and environment
Fan, C., Liao, C., & Cheng, Y.-C. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.030 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Toxocara spp. infection and risk of childhood asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Aghaei, S., Riahi, S. M., Rostami, A., Mohammadzadeh, I., Javanian, M., Tohidi, E., Foroutan, M., & Esmaeili Dooki, M. (2018) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.022 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild and domestic carnivores
Okulewicz, A., Perec-Matysiak, A., Buńkowska, K., & Hildebrand, J. (2012) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/s11687-012-0001-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Mohamad, S., Azmi, N. C., & Noordin, R. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.00001-09 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Advances in molecular identification, taxonomy, genetic variation and diagnosis of Toxocara spp.
Chen, J., Zhou, D., Nisbet, A. J., et al. (2012) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.04.019 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Fahrion, A. S., Schnyder, M., Wichert, B. A., & Deplazes, P. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.028 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Global and regional seroprevalence estimates for human toxocariasis: A call for action.
Ma, G.-X., Rostami, A., Wang, T., Hofmann, A., Hotez, P., & Gasser, R. (2020) · Advances in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.011 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Quantifying sources of environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs.
Morgan, E. R., Azam, D., & Pegler, K. (2013) · Veterinary parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.034 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Toxocariasis-associated cardiac diseases—A systematic review of the literature
Kuenzli, E., Neumayr, A. L. C., Chaney, M., & Blum, J. A. (2015) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Diakou, Α., Cesare, A. D., Accettura, P. M., Barros, L. A., Iorio, R., Paoletti, B., di Regalbono, A. F., Halos, L., Beugnet, F., & Traversa, D. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005335 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Akao, N., & Ohta, N. (2007) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2007.01.009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Watthanakulpanich, D., Smith, H. V., Hobbs, G., et al. (2008) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.01.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
DNA amplification approaches for the diagnosis of key parasitic helminth infections of humans
Gordon, C. A., Gray, D. J., Gobert, G. N., et al. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Probes · doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2011.05.002 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Li, M., Zhu, X., Gasser, R. B., et al. (2006) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-006-0194-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Therapeutic battle against larval toxocariasis: Are we still far behind?
Othman, A. A. (2012) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.08.003 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Liao, C. W., Fan, C.-K., Kao, T., Ji, D.-D., Su, K.-E., Lin, Y.-H., & Cho, W.-L. (2008) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-84 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Fahrion, A. S., Staebler, S., & Deplazes, P. (2008) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.022 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Holland, C. V., & Hamilton, C. M. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.074120 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Hu, M., Shamsi, S., et al. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Probes · doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2007.05.004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Soil-Transmitted Helminths of Humans in Southeast Asia—Towards Integrated Control
Jex, A. R., Lim, Y. A. L., Bethony, J. M., Hotez, P. J., Young, N. D., & Gasser, R. B. (2011) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385897-9.00004-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Presence of Toxocara canis eggs on the hair of dogs: A risk factor for Visceral Larva Migrans
Amaral, H. L. D. C., Rassier, G. L., Pepe, M. S., Gallina, T., Villela, M. M., Nobre, M. D. O., Scaini, C. J., & Berne, M. E. A. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.016 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Li, L., Gao, W. Q., Yang, X. F., et al. (2014) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.016 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Soil-transmitted Helminths (Geohelminths)
BROOKER, S. J., & Bundy, D. A. P. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5101-2.00056-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Contamination of the hair of owned dogs with the eggs of Toxocara spp.
Keegan, J. D., & Holland, C. V. (2010) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.010 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Infected dogs can shed large numbers of eggs into the environment causing 52 infection in other dogs and in paratenic hosts including small mammals and humans (Gillespie 53 1988; Holland & Smith, 2006).”
BackgroundJex, A. R., Littlewood, D. T. J., & Gasser, R. B. (2009) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.11.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Risk of Toxocara canis eggs in stray and domestic dog hair in Egypt
El‐Tras, W. F., Holt, H., & Tayel, A. A. (2011) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.051 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Jarosz, W., Mizgajska-Wiktor, H., Kirwan, P., et al. (2009) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182009990874 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gasser, R. B. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.031 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mizgajska-Wiktor, H., Jarosz, W., Fogt-Wyrwas, R., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pinelli, E., Brandes, S., Dormans, J. A. M. A., Fonville, M., Hamilton, C. M., & van der Giessen, J. W. B. (2006) · Experimental Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2006.06.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Intestinal helminths of feral cat populations from urban and suburban districts of Qatar
Abu-Madi, M. A., Behnke, J. M., Prabhaker, K. S., Al-Ibrahim, R., & Lewis, J. W. (2009) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.027 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Herbison, R. E. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00102 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“T. canis is highly prevalent in canines globally and can spread to humans via its widespread environmental contamination of feces (Holland and Smith, 2006).”
Rast, L., Lee, S. Y., Nampanya, S., et al. (2012) · Tropical Animal Health and Production · doi:10.1007/s11250-012-0256-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gyang, P. V., Akinwale, O. P., Lee, Y., et al. (2015) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.018 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Toxocara catiinfections in stray cats in northern Iran
Sharif, M., Nasrolahei, M., Ziapour, S. P., et al. (2007) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x07214117 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bourgoin, G., Callait‐Cardinal, M., Bouhsira, É., Polack, B., Bourdeau, P. J., Ariza, C. R., Carassou, L., Liénard, E., & Drake, J. (2022) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05368-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“cati are major parasites in domestic animals due to their fairly high prevalence, their adverse effects on young animals and because they may cause visceral and ocular larva migrans as well as neurological signs or potential booster effect on atopy in humans [1, 3, 4].”
BackgroundTreatment of larva migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole
Hombu, A., Yoshida, A., Kikuchi, T., Nagayasu, E., Kuroki, M., & Maruyama, H. (2017) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2017.07.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Mitochondrial Genome of Toxocara canis
Jex, A. R., Waeschenbach, A., Littlewood, D. T. J., Hu, M., & Gasser, R. B. (2008) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000273 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“canis, there are still major gaps in our knowledge of the genetics, ecology and epidemiology of this enigmatic parasite [24].”
BackgroundThe co-occurrence of Toxocaraocular and visceral larva migrans syndrome: a case series
Paul, M., Stefaniak, J., Twardosz-Pawlik, H., et al. (2009) · Cases Journal · doi:10.1186/1757-1626-0002-0000006881 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis
Chiodo, P. G., Sparo, M. D., Pezzani, B. C., et al. (2010) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/s0074-02762010000500003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zoonotic intestinal parasites and vector-borne pathogens in Italian shelter and kennel dogs
Traversa, D., Di Cesare, A., Simonato, G., Cassini, R., Merola, C., Diakou, A., Halos, L., Beugnet, F., & Frangipane di Regalbono, A. (2017) · Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2017.04.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Seroprevalence of human toxocarosis in Europe: A review and meta-analysis.
Strube, C., Raulf, M., Springer, A., Waindok, P., & Auer, H. (2020) · Advances in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Patterns of parasitic infections in faecal samples from stray cat populations in Qatar
Abu-Madi, M. A., Al-Ahbabi, D. A., Al-Mashhadani, M. M., Al-Ibrahim, R., Pal, P. P., & Lewis, J. W. (2007) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x07818505 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“As in the case of T. canis in dogs, T. cati is capable of causing disease to humans by larval migration, following ingestion of the eggs, resulting in human toxocariasis which is a commonly reported zoonotic helminthiasis (Lewis & Maizels, 1993; Holland & Smith, 2006).”
BackgroundSerodiagnostic methods for diagnosing larval toxocariasis
Noordin, R., Yunus, M. H., Farrizam, S. N. T., et al. (2020) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
MicroRNAs of Toxocara canis and their predicted functional roles
Ma, G., Luo, Y., Zhu, H., Luo, Y., Korhonen, P. K., Young, N. D., Gasser, R. B., & Zhou, R. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1508-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Various studies have given improved insights into the epidemiology of Toxocara species using molecular methods [18], and knowledge of the genome and transcriptomes is now helping us gain a better understanding of the fundamental molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology of T.”
BackgroundDiagnostic trends of human toxocariasis.
Watthanakulpanich, D. (2010) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Thomas, D., & Jeyathilakan, N. (2012) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-012-0217-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Diakou, Α., Sofroniou, D., Cesare, A. D., Kokkinos, P., & Traversa, D. (2017) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5651-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Brochier, B., Blander, H. D., Hanosset, R., Berkvens, D., Losson, B., & Saegerman, C. (2007) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.01.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Toxocara seropositivity, atopy and asthma: a study in C uban schoolchildren
Kanobana, K., Vereecken, K., Díaz, R. J., et al. (2013) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12073 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sowemimo, O. A., Lee, Y., Asaolu, S. O., et al. (2017) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.030 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Prevalence of potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in canine faeces in Ibadan, Nigeria
Ayinmode, A. B., Obebe, O. O., & Olayemi, E. (2016) · Ghana Medical Journal · doi:10.4314/gmj.v50i4.2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“44 T. canis infection causes visceral and ocular larva migrans in humans 7 and protozoan cysts belonging to Strongyloides sp. and Iso-spora sp. respectively were also detected in the present study.”
ResultSeroprevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in Ahwaz, south-western Iran
Maraghi, S., Rafiei, A., Hajihossein, R., et al. (2011) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x11000307 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prevalence of zoonotic helminths in Italian house dogs
Torre, F. L., Cesare, A. D., Simonato, G., Cassini, R., Traversa, D., & di Regalbono, A. F. (2018) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.9865 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The most important syndromes are “visceral larva migrans” (VLM), involving organs like liver or lungs, “ocular larva migrans” (OLM), where damages to eye and optic nerve occur [6,9], and neurotoxocarosis [10], when the central nervous system is involved.”
BackgroundSeroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in a rural population in Central African Gabon
Lötsch, F., Obermüller, M., Mischlinger, J., et al. (2016) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.09.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Keys to Unlock the Enigma of Ocular Toxocariasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Badri, M., Eslahi, A. V., Olfatifar, M., Dalvand, S., Houshmand, E., Abdoli, A., Majidiani, H., Eslami, A., Zibaei, M., Johkool, M. G., et al. (2021) · Ocular immunology and inflammation · doi:10.1080/09273948.2021.1875007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Actually, retinoblastoma does not prevent Toxocara infection, and a positive serology against the infection does not completely ignore the retinoblastoma diagnosis, particularly in young children.(54) Our analysis has shown that two sites of granuloma were common in OT, including central and peripheral granuloma (Supp…”
BackgroundMolecular Diagnosis of an Ocular Toxocariasis Patient in Vietnam
De, N. V., Trung, N. V., Duyệt, L. V., et al. (2013) · Korean Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.563 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sowemimo, O. A. (2007) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x07850267 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Toxocara malaysiensis infection in domestic cats in Vietnam — An emerging zoonotic issue?
Le, T. H., Anh, N. T. L., Nguyen, K. T., et al. (2015) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mikaeili, F., Mirhendi, H., Hosseini, M., et al. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Abou-El-Naga, I. F., & Mogahed, N. M. F. H. (2022) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106784 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS
Kolbeková, P., Větvička, D., Svoboda, J., et al. (2011) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2371-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Morphology and Occurrence of Species of Toxocara in Wild Mammal Populations from Egypt
Radwan, N. A., Khalil, A. I., & Elmahy, R. A. (2009) · Comparative Parasitology · doi:10.1654/4367.1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Harnessing the Toxocara Genome to Underpin Toxocariasis Research and New Interventions
Gasser, R. B., Korhonen, P. K., Zhu, X.-Q., & Young, N. D. (2016) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2015.12.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“tainty as to what extent they are implicated in human disease (Holland and Smith, 2006; Bowman, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialZahabiun, F., Sadjjadi, S. M., Yunus, M. H., Rahumatullah, A., Moghaddam, M. H. F., Saidin, S., & Noordin, R. (2015) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0190 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dog walking brings Toxocara eggs to people's homes
Панова, О. А., & Khrustalev, A. V. (2018) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Choobineh, M. A., Mikaeili, F., Sadjjadi, S. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x18000354 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Although it is possible to differentiate them by electron microscopy, their identification by light microscopy is not possible (Holland & Smith, 2006; Zibaei & Sadjjadi, 2010).”
BackgroundToxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil
Guilherme, E. V., Marchioro, A. A., de Araújo, S. M., et al. (2013) · Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo · doi:10.1590/s0036-46652013000300009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rast, L., Toribio, J.-A. L. M. L., Dhand, N. K., et al. (2013) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Morales-Yánez, F., Trashin, S., Hermy, M. R. G., et al. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01687 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Toxocariasis and childhood asthma: A case-control study
Cadore, P. S., Zhang, L., Lemos, L. D. L., Lorenzi, C., Telmo, P. D. L., Santos, P. C., Mattos, G. T., Vignol, F. S., Prietsch, S. O. M., Berne, M. E. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.3109/02770903.2015.1064951 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“There are common characteristics for asthma and toxocariasis, such as airway inflammation, eosinophil accumulation and induction of the production of IgE [16].”
Contamination of fox hair with eggs ofToxocara canis
Roddie, G., Holland, C. V., Stafford, P., et al. (2008) · Journal of Helminthology · doi:10.1017/s0022149x08996954 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Toxocara canis is a widely distributed ascarid nematode that commonly infects domestic dogs and other canids, including foxes, wolves and coyotes (Holland & Smith, 2006).”
BackgroundHenke, K., Ntovas, S., Xourgia, E., Exadaktylos, A. K., Klukowska‐Rötzler, J., & Ziaka, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20216972 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Peixoto, P. L., Nascimento, E., Cançado, G. G. L., et al. (2011) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000200014 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Antolová, D., Jarčuška, P., Janíčko, M., et al. (2015) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268814003665 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Morales-Yánez, F., Sariego, I., Vincke, C., et al. (2019) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.03.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Immunodiagnosis of Human Toxocariasis and Prospects for Improved Diagnostics
Wilkins, P. P. (2014) · Current Tropical Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40475-013-0001-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Toxocariasis and Public Health: An Epidemiological Review
Chigozie, G. N. (2017) · Global Journal of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research · doi:10.17352/2455-5363.000016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Washing all fruits and vegetables [9,63], keeping pets out of gardens and thoroughly cooking meats can also prevent transmission.”
Influential
- Venue
- CABI Publishing eBooks
- Publisher
- CABI Publishing
- Published
- 2006-01
- OpenAlex
- W2105359069
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 9.70
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CABI Publishing eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Toxocara, toxocariasis, parasitic helminths, molecular biology, animal models, human disease, immunology, epidemiology, veterinary parasitology, economic impact, public health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
