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Cited by 67Helminth infection and controlParasitic infections in humans and animalsParasites and Host Interactions

Patent Toxocara canis infections in previously exposed and in helminth-free dogs after infection with low numbers of embryonated eggs

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Fahrion, A.S., Staebler, S., Deplazes, P.·2008·Veterinary Parasitology
DOI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.022
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Abstract

The outcome of Toxocara canis infections in the canine host depends on the migratory pathway of parasite larvae (somatic or tracheal) which is considered to be related to the host's age and its immune status. However, field studies attest high prevalences of patent T. canis infections in adult animals. The controlled induction of patent infections with low doses of embryonated eggs was investigated in 18 beagles in a 7-month study until their 16th life month. The animals were assigned to three groups, each consisting of three vertically infected dogs (with a short patent infection as pups before anthelmintic treatment) and three helminth-free dogs. At study days 10 and 40, the animals of groups 1 and 3 were given each 100 embryonated T. canis eggs. In each case, group 1 was treated 10 days post-infection with Milbemax, while dogs of group 3 remained untreated. Control group 2 was not experimentally infected but treated as group 1. Two weeks after first egg administration, a sharp increase of specific antibody reactions in ELISA and increased eosinophilic counts indicated larval invasion in all infected dogs. 42-56 days following first infection, patent infections were detected coproscopically in all animals of group 3, but in none of the uninfected dogs (group 2) or the infected and treated dogs (group 1). Following a 3-month observation period, all animals of the three groups were treated with piperazine citrate to eliminate intestinal infections and all were administered 100 embryonated eggs. Subsequently, patent infections developed in animals of all groups: in one of the infected and treated animals of group 1, in five of the so far not infected control group 2 and in four of the dogs with previous patent infections (group 3). Susceptibility to patent infections was not significantly altered in T. canis-free dogs compared to dogs with previous patent infection (vertically acquired or experimentally induced). However, dogs of group 1 treated with Milbemax after repeated egg administration developed a significantly increased resistance to patent infections as compared to control dogs (group 2). Observed prepatency periods were between 40 and 56 days and did not differ in the three groups. Even in urban areas, facing high infection pressure with Toxocara eggs maintained by a high dog and fox population, dogs of all ages are at risk to develop patent T. canis infections.

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Authors
Fahrion, A. S., Staebler, S., & Deplazes, P.
Affiliations
University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Deplazes, P.
ORCID
Venue
Veterinary Parasitology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-03
Volume
152
Issue
1-2
Pages
108-115
ISSN
0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.022
OpenAlex
W2048362058
Cited by
67
References
30
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
Keywords
Toxocara canis, canine toxocariasis, patent infection, experimental infection, embryonated eggs, vertical transmission, anthelmintic treatment, piperazine citrate, larval migration, immune status, age-related susceptibility, beagle dogs, antibody response, eosinophilia
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Animals, Anthelmintics, Antibodies, Helminth, Disease Susceptibility, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Eosinophils, Feces, Female, Male, Parasite Egg Count, Random Allocation, Switzerland, Toxocariasis, Zoonoses, Toxocara canis, Macrolides

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