The effects of fluid restriction on hydration status and subjective feelings in man
Open accessAbstract
Hydration status and the effects of hypohydration have been the topic of much public and scientific debate in recent years. While many physiological responses to hypohydration have been studied extensively, the subjective responses to hypohydration have largely been ignored. The present investigation was designed to investigate the physiological responses and subjective feelings resulting from 13, 24 and 37 h of fluid restriction (FR) and to compare these with a euhydration (EU) trial of the same duration in fifteen healthy volunteers. The volunteers were nine men and six women of mean age 30 (SD 12) years and body mass 71·5 (SD 13·4) kg. Urine and blood samples were collected and subjective feelings recorded on a 100 mm verbally anchored questionnaire at intervals throughout the investigation. In the EU trial the subjects maintained their normal diet. Body mass decreased by 2·7 (SD 0·6) % at 37 h in the FR trial and did not change significantly in the EU trial. Food intake in the FR trial (n 10) provided an estimated water intake of 487 (SD 335) ml and urinary losses (n 15) amounted to 1·37 (SD 0·39) litres. This is in comparison with an estimated water intake of 3168 (SD 1167) ml and a urinary loss of 2·76 (SD 1·11) litres in the EU trial. Plasma osmolality and angiotensin II concentrations increased from 0–37 h with FR. Plasma volume decreased linearly throughout the FR trial amounting to a 6·2 (SD 5·1) % reduction by 37 h. Thirst increased from 0–13 h of FR then did not increase further (P>0·05). The subjects reported feelings of headache during the FR trial and also that their ability to concentrate and their alertness were reduced.
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When recovery time is short, or the extent of fluid loss is great, thirst-driven fluid intake is not adequate to restore water balance.
“When recovery time is short, or the extent of fluid loss is great, thirst-driven fluid intake is not adequate to restore water balance [79].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Shirreffs, S. M., Merson, S. J., Fraser, S. M., & Archer, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shirreffs, Susan M.
- ORCID
- Archer, David T.
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 951-958
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2125593319
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sunderland Repository (University of Sunderland) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- fluid restriction, dehydration, hypohydration, hydration status, subjective feelings, thirst, plasma osmolality, angiotensin II, plasma volume, weight loss, headache, alertness, cognitive performance, water intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Angiotensin II, Attention, Blood Volume, Chlorides, Dehydration, Drinking, Female, Humans, Hunger, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Sodium, Thirst, Urine, Water Deprivation, Weight Loss
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