The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
AI and the future of humanity: ChatGPT-4, philosophy and education – Critical responses
Open accessAbstract
Michael A PetersBeijing Normal UniversityChatGPT is an AI chatbot released by OpenAI on November 30, 2022 and a ‘stable release’ on February 13, 2023. It belongs to OpenAI’s GPT-3 family (generativ...
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“there has been a notable upswing in discussions among scholars and academicians regarding the transformative potential of generative AI, particularly ChatGPT, in higher education and the risks associated with it (Dalalah & Dalalah, 2023; Meyer et al., 2023; Peters et al., 2023; Yilmaz & Yilmaz, 2023a).”
From Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students (2024) · cites this paper as Peters et al., 2023
Citations
Cites
A Theory of Justice: Original Edition
Rawls, J. (1971) · doi:10.4159/9780674042605 · Cited by 9,496
The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays
Heidegger, M. (1977) · Cited by 5,504
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Weizenbaum, J. (1966) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/365153.365168 · Cited by 4,452
GPT-3: Its Nature, Scope, Limits, and Consequences
Floridi, L., & Chiriatti, M. (2020) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09548-1 · Cited by 2,519
Gilson, A., Safranek, C. W., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2023) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/45312 · Cited by 2,078
A History of Western Philosophy.
Cunningham, G. W., & Russell, B. (1946) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2181652 · Cited by 2,033
Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism
Moore, J. W. (2016) · The Open Repository - Binghamton (Binghamton University) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18178944 · Cited by 1,812
AUGMENTING HUMAN INTELLECT: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Engelbart, D. C. (1962) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ad0289565 · Cited by 1,093
Postdigital science and education
Jandrić, P., Knox, J., Besley, T. A. C., Ryberg, T., Suoranta, J., & Hayes, S. (2018) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2018.1454000 · Cited by 977
Self-citationComputer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation
Agassi, J., & Wiezenbaum, J. (1976) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.2307/3103715 · Cited by 885
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2023a). Platformed learning: Reshaping education in the era of learning management systems, in varieties of platformisation: Critical perspectives on EdTech in higher education (A. T. Duncan & L. Vito, eds.). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2023b). The clause, revised: On cyber-social meaning. International Journal of Communication and Linguistic Studies, 22.
- Leike J. Wu J. Yeh C. & Saunders W. (2022a June 13). AI-written critiques help humans notice flaws. OpenAI. https://openai.com/research/critiques
- Machiavelli, N. (2010). The Prince (2nd ed.) University of Chicago Press.
- 10.48550/arXiv.2212.05058 · DOI
- 10.48550/arXiv.2301.12066 · DOI
- Toffler, A. 1980. The third wave. William Morrow & Co.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–188 of 188
Stay Human or Go Machine? The Fate of Human Judgement in AI
Toscani, G. (2025) · Global Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10516-025-09769-y · Cited by 3
Bai, Q., & Nam, B. H. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069251409086 · Cited by 3
Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Wu, J., Shen, H., & Liang, W. (2025) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2025.2608754 · Cited by 5
Yang, Y. Y.-H., Wang, C., Chou, P.-L., Tien, C.-Y., Wen, J.-C., & Chen, N.-H. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.108904 · Cited by 4
Self-citationEducation in the age of AI: Lessons from the fiction narratives of Asimov and Ishiguro
González, E. O., & Jiménez, J. (2025) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2025.2481587 · Cited by 4
Applying Ethics in AI-Based Research
Hashem, T. N., Ahmad, A., Kumar, A., & Alotoum, F. J. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0340-6.ch012 · Cited by 3
Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Shen, C. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series · doi:10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27693 · Cited by 4
Pesqueira, A. M., Sousa, M. J., Machado, A. D. B., Bolog, S., Vieira, L., & Bolog, I. (2024) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1210-0.ch008 · Cited by 3
Discussion on the potential of ChatGPT in the field of early childhood education
Zhang, L. (2024) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/978-2-38476-253-8_45 · Cited by 3
AI Policy Considerations in Academic Institutions
Ahmed, T., & Durowoju, O. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94809-1_10 · Cited by 3
Review of Steve Fuller (2023). Back to the University’s Future: The Second Coming of Humboldt
Rigkos‐Zitthen, I., & Rigkos-Zitthen, A. (2024) · Postdigital Science and Education · doi:10.1007/s42438-024-00527-8 · Cited by 3
Burcă-Voicu, M. I., Cramarenco, R. E., & Dabija, D. (2025) · Oeconomia Copernicana · doi:10.24136/oc.3386 · Cited by 9
Medina-Zuta, P., Becerra, G., Soloaga, P. S., Adam, M. E. A., Barrenechea, E. Y. K., & Losada, A. V. (2025) · Sociologia & Antropologia · doi:10.1590/2238-38752025v15210 · Cited by 2
Kaulu, B., Nakalinda, A., Zya, E., Phiri, H., Haabazoka, L., & Kaulu, G. (2025) · European Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1108/ejms-05-2024-0045 · Cited by 2
Zhou, J., Zhang, H., & Ding, L. (2025) · International Conference on Education and Training Technologies (ICETT) · doi:10.1109/icett66247.2025.11137070 · Cited by 5
Beyond the ban: A theoretical framework for integrating Generative AI in assessment
Chapman, B. L., & Dalgarno, B. (2025) · Policy Futures in Education · doi:10.1177/14782103251411725 · Cited by 3
Zapata, G. C., Tzirides, A. O., Cope, B., Kalantzis, M., & Searsmith, D. (2026) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/14681366.2026.2667388 · Cited by 2
Self-citationFadillah, M. A., Husin, M., Usmeldi, U., & Asrizal, A. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Reform · doi:10.1177/10567879261464157 · Cited by 3
Kumari, R. K., & Snehalatha, M. (2024) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1666-5.ch008 · Cited by 2
A Conversation with ChatGPT: Philosophy, Critical Thinking, and Higher Education
Baruwa, I. (2024) · Journal of AI · doi:10.61969/jai.1498257 · Cited by 2
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: TRANSFORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING
Shulga, M., Кузнєцова, І., & Поліщук, Н. В. (2024) · Epistemological Studies in Philosophy Social and Political Sciences · doi:10.15421/342450 · Cited by 2
Learning with technologies in the digital age
Lim, F. V., & Querol-Julián, M. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003359272-2 · Cited by 2
Herausforderungen der künstlichen Intelligenz in der Sozialwirtschaft
Lehmann, R. (2024) · Perspektiven Sozialwirtschaft und Sozialmanagement · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43290-4_9 · Cited by 1
Hussein, A. A., & Dhari, S. S. (2024) · ZAC conference series. · doi:10.70516/zaccsssh.v1i1.16 · Cited by 1
Research trends in AI for inclusive education: a bibliometric analysis
Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė, L., & Paulauskaitė-Tarasevičienė, A. (2026) · International Journal of Information and Learning Technology · doi:10.1108/ijilt-02-2025-0039 · Cited by 1
Selbstbestimmtes Handeln mit KI in der Hochschule: Forschungsdefizit und -perspektiven
Reinmann, G., Watanabe, A., Herzberg, D., & Simon, J. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung · doi:10.21240/zfhe/sh-ki-1/03 · Cited by 1
Paz, F., Paz, F. A., Moquillaza, A., Zavala, A. A., Huayta, J., Acevedo, V., Carrillo, L., & Falconi, F. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93236-6_4 · Cited by 1
Egan, T. M., Kim, S., & Ghosh, R. (2025) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.70007 · Cited by 1
The drivers and outcomes of adopting AI in FinTech education from students’ perspective
Alghusin, N. S., & Al-Omoush, K. S. (2025) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-03-2025-0090 · Cited by 2
Investigating the Effects of Prompt Engineering in STEM Activities Designed with ChatGPT-4o
Güler, N. K., & Tarım, K. (2025) · Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal · doi:10.14812/cuefd.1673406 · Cited by 1
Xiao, Y., Jiang, H., Hurley, R. F., & Liu, S. (2026) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2026.100682 · Cited by 1
Lin, Y., & Hung, C. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-13921-5 · Cited by 2
Alcances y límites educativos de la IA: control e ideología en el uso de ChatGPT
Jarquín-Ramírez, M.-R., Martínez, H. A., & Gutiérrez, E. J. D. (2024) · DIDAC · doi:10.48102/didac.2024..84_jul-dic.217 · Cited by 3
Islam, M. N., & Aziz, M. T. B. (2024) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8031-0_37 · Cited by 1
Padmaja, V., Bhanumathi, P., & Patangia, B. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83549-105-820251010 · Cited by 2
Jackson, L., & Tesař, M. (2023) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2023.2281249 · Cited by 1
Self-citationJandrić, P., Manchester, H., Ross, J., Hayes, S., Macgilchrist, F., Green, B., Gómez, D. L., Shankar, K., & Lupton, D. A. (2025) · Postdigital Science and Education · doi:10.1007/s42438-024-00534-9 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTrindade, L. H., & Lopes, L. (2025) · Educação & Sociedade · doi:10.1590/es.299329 · Cited by 1
The performance of artificial intelligence in the exams of tourist guidance
Ülkü, A. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism · doi:10.31822/jomat.2024-9-3-231
A Dialogue with ChatGPT: Philosophy, Critical Thinking, and Higher EducationPreprint
Baruwa, I. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4857958
Tsai, Y., & Chen, S.-P. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65884-6_16
Beyond Traditional Language Learning: EFL Student Views on ChatGPT in Saudi ArabiaPreprint
Journal, A. W. E. (2024) · SocArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/7b34j
Raheman, F., Bhagat, T., & Batalla, A. (2024) · Journal of Transportation Technologies · doi:10.4236/jtts.2024.144027 · Cited by 1
Turizmde müşteri şikayetlerine dayalı hizmet içi eğitim tasarımı: ChatGPT örneği
Erdal, O., Arı, Ö., & Şahin, B. (2024) · Tourism and Recreation · doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1501866
Rawson, Z. (2024) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.28028579
Robótica, OpenAI, ChatGPT, STEAM: Aplicación
Lau, J. G., Andrade-Gudiño, K., Durán-Fonseca, M., Charre-Ibarra, S., Alcalá-Rodríguez, J. A., & Loeza-Alfaro, S. (2025) · XIKUA Boletín Científico de la Escuela Superior de Tlahuelilpan · doi:10.29057/xikua.v13i25.7949
New Literacies: A Historical Perspective
Kern, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51447-0_241-1
Akgün, M., & Toker, Ş. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251329736 · Cited by 1
Unveiling the Viability of Integrating ChatGPT into the Realm of Intelligent Libraries
Jain, K., Agarwal, A., Singh, S., Avasthi, S., & Abraham, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78940-3_4
Marandi, S. S. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009294850.036
Stockwell, G., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009294850.029 · Cited by 1
Jia, W., Jia, X., Liu, Z., & Wu, L. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-09424-w
Imitation, Representation, and the Eclipse of the Original
Ekenberg, T. (2025) · Pedagogika · doi:10.14712/23362189.2024.4597
Başaran, M., Vural, Ö. F., & Tandırcı, C. (2025) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-025-09883-1
ChatGPT in the context of competence-based education in Tanzania higher learning institutions
Chandafa, M. J., & Fang, H. (2025) · The Education and science journal · doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2025-9551 · Cited by 1
Khalid, J. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83708-276-620251008
Mechanisms Utilised by Experts and Artificial Intelligence in Rectifying Cognitive Deviations
Chen, X., & Jiang, J. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2549072
IMPACT OF LIFELONG LEARNING PROGRAMS AND BUSINESS DIGITIZATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL ADAPTABILITY
Noniashvili, M., & Janashia, N. (2025) · Social Economics · doi:10.26565/2524-2547-2025-69-14 · Cited by 1
Baniasadi, A. (2025) · Philosophy of Education · doi:10.61882/pesi.51171.2.10.225
Africanizing the Artificial Intelligence Education in South African Universities
Jiang, Y. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83549-788-320251019
Woo, C. W. H., & Lim, T. (2025) · Policy Futures in Education · doi:10.1177/14782103251411708
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL GENERATIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Nascimento, A. K. D. O., Castro, V., Zheldibayeva, R., & Cope, B. (2025) · Revista de Estudos de Cultura · doi:10.32748/revec.v11i27.22720 · Cited by 2
Self-citationQuestioning the machine: Education, thinking, writing, and large language models
Kouppanou, A. (2026) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2025.2610999
The Integration of Technology Into Second Language Instruction
Salaberry, M. R. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95504-1.01404-6
Digital technologies, algorithms and the changing topology of (teacher) education
Pachler, N., & Turvey, K. (2026) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.70052
The Strategic Role of School Principals in Realizing Student-Centered Learning
Hariyadi, A. (2024) · Assyfa Journal of Multidisciplinary Education. · doi:10.61650/ajme.v2i2.783
Bhambri, P., & Kumar, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5188-9.ch007
Yassin, A., Surjono, H. D., Ghufron, A., Upahi, J. E., & Fadli, R. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0101-1.ch002 · Cited by 1
Sustainable Minds, Intelligent Machines
Bhambri, P. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5946-5.ch011
Neoh, J. Y., Print, M., Firsova-Eckert, E., Lange, D., & Fender, L. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6596644
Zhang, W., & Liu, P. (2026) · International Symposium on Big Data and Applied Statistics (ISBDAS) · doi:10.1109/isbdas69350.2026.11484347
Bhambri, P. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1568-1.ch002
Thinking the unthinkable: Generative AI for collaborative, intra-active policy analysis
Zheng, D., & Hardy, I. J. (2026) · Methodological Innovations · doi:10.1177/20597991261448572
Alone Together: Some Reflections on Talking to ChatGPT, Listening to Music, and Private Language
Beran, O. (2026) · Nordic Wittgenstein Review · doi:10.15845/nwr.v15.3760
Harrison, C., O’Byrne, W. I., & Patterson, C. (2026) · Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1515/jccall-2026-0006
Image to Text and Text to Image Generation: Artificial Intelligence in Clothing Design
Ateş, M. F., & TÜRKDEMİR, P. (2026) · Springer Proceedings in Materials · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26592-0_30
Thomas, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31322-5_76
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Education
Kayyali, M. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9675-0.ch002
Zhong, Z., Hou, J., Duan, P., & Qin, H. (2026) · Journal of Professional Capital and Community · doi:10.1108/jpcc-02-2026-0057
Rethinking research-on-research in higher education studies
Pilgrim‐Brown, J., Chen, L., Kedia, V., Lin, J. C. Y., Ma, Y., Ma, Y., Montero, M., Oancea, A., Shi, A., Wang, X., et al. (2026) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2026.2710343
Self-citationPeracchia, K. (2026) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · doi:10.56902/etdcrp.2026.115
Science and Technology Studies Beyond the Digital
Jandrić, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-1483-9_6
Self-citationNissen, E., & Soubrié, T. (2026) · Alsic · doi:10.4000/16pqp
Pappachan, P., Yeh, Y., & Gabriel, C. M. W. (2026) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2026.2732234
Aslan, M. H., & Kan, E.-N. (2026) · Journal of Islamic Marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-05-2026-0364
Educar entre la tradición y el futuro desde una filosofía de la transformación
Gordón, F. D. R. A. (2026) · Revista Andina de Educación · doi:10.32719/26312816.6674
Chen, P., Yang, D., Liang, Y., Yao, Z., & Lavonen, J. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-14164-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Peters, M. A., Jackson, L., Papastephanou, M., Jandrić, P., Lazaroiu, G., Evers, C. W., Cope, B., Kalantzis, M., Araya, D., Tesar, M., Mika, C., Chen, L., Wang, C., Sturm, S., Rider, S., & Fuller, S.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- University of Cyprus (CY)
- Tehničko Veleučilište u Zagrebu (HR)
- Spiru Haret University, Bucharest
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Centre for International Governance Innovation (CA)
- School Learning, Development and Professional Practice, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- Shanxi University (CN)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Peters, Michael A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Educational Philosophy and Theory
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 828-862
- ISSN
- 0013-1857 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5812
- OpenAlex
- W4379143611
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 44.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hub.hku.hk
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Educational Philosophy and Theory (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Digital Education and Society
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT-4, generative AI, AI chatbots, future of humanity, philosophy of education, OpenAI, GPT-3
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review