The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metabolic Energy Expenditure and Terrain Coefficients for Walking on Snow
Abstract
Ten male subjects each walked at two speeds, 0·67 and 1·12 m s−1 (1·5 and 2·5 mph) on a level treadmill, and on a variety of snow depths. Energy expenditure increased linearly with increasing depth of footprint depression and was expressed, considering clothed weight, by the regression equation: energy expenditure (W kg−1 hor km−1 h−1) = 1·18 + 0·089 depression (cm). At 45 cm footprint depression as compared to a 0 cm depression, energy expenditure increased by a ratio of approximately 5 : 1. Although subjects were considered above average in terms of fitness [average [Vdot]O2max =51·4 ml kg−1 min−1 (n = 6)], all terminated walking due to exhaustion at an average footprint depth of 35·0 cm at a walking speed of 1·12m s−1. Practical limits for prolonged snow walking not exceeding approximately 50% [Vdot]O2max were developed with 20 cm being the maximal depth at 0·67 m s−1, and 10 cm at 1·12 m s−1 without snow shoes. At increased footprint depths, limiting factors for snow walking were the increasing lift work, inefficient stooping posture and balancing difficulty.
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In the citing paper
“There is some experimental evidence available that relates different terrain conditions to the energy expenditure of walkers (Soule and Goldman 1972;Pandolf et al. 1976Pandolf et al. , 1977;;De Gruchy et al. 2017).This evidence is rather limited, and similar data for other modes of transport are not available.”
From Modelling of pathways and movement networks in archaeology: an overview of current approaches (2019) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976
In the citing paper
“Overall energy expenditure is also determined by other variables such as carried load, movement speed, and grade or ground slope [3–5], each with readily identifiable effects.”
From Human walking in the real world: interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Forecasts of the energy cost of this formula were able to be verified by several test phases on individuals from different classes of age and sex (Epstein et al. 1987;Pandolf et al. 1976Pandolf et al. , 1977) ) by varying the speed and the load carried.”
From Mobility of paleolithic populations: biomechanical considerations and spatiotemporal modelling (2021) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976
In the citing paper
“The project's sample size is comparable to previous studies, which included between 6 and 14 subjects (Givoni and Goldman 1971;Soule and Goldman 1972;Pandolf et al. 1976).”
From Velocity-Based Terrain Coefficients for Time-Based Models of Human Movement (2017) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976
In the citing paper
“As a result, these studies have concentrated on calculating terrain coefficients for young adult males.”
From Velocity-Based Terrain Coefficients for Time-Based Models of Human Movement (2017) · cites this paper as Pandolf et al. 1976
Citations
Cites
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Predicting metabolic energy cost
Givoni, B., & Goldman, R. F. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.30.3.429 · Cited by 269
Self-citationEnergy cost of loads carried on the head, hands, or feet.
Soule, R. G., & Goldman, R. F. (1969) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1969.27.5.687 · Cited by 263
Self-citationTerrain coefficients for energy cost prediction.
Soule, R. G., & Goldman, R. F. (1972) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1972.32.5.706 · Cited by 202
Self-citationHughes, A. L., & Goldman, R. F. (1970) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1970.29.5.570 · Cited by 67
Self-citationChristensen, E. H., & H�gberg, P. (1950) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00933847 · Cited by 60
Climbing and cycling with additional weights on the extremities
Kamon, E., Metz, K. F., & PANDOLF, K. B. (1973) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1973.35.3.367 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perceiving affordances: Visual guidance of stair climbing.
Warren, W. H. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.10.5.683 · Cited by 1,301
Soldier Load Carriage: Historical, Physiological, Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects
Knapik, J. J., REYNOLDS, K. L., & Harman, E. A. (2004) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed.169.1.45 · Cited by 624
Load carriage using packs: A review of physiological, biomechanical and medical aspects
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Prevention of Cold Injuries during Exercise
Castellani, J. W., Young, A. J., Ducharme, M. B., Giesbrecht, G. G., Glickman, E., & Sallis, R. E. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000241641.75101.64 · Cited by 383
Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand
Lejeune, T. M., Willems, P. A., & Heglund, N. C. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.201.13.2071 · Cited by 363
Metadata
- Authors
- PANDOLF, K. B., HAISMAN, M. F., & GOLDMAN, R. F.
- Affiliations
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Ergonomics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1976-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 683-690
- ISSN
- 0014-0139 (ISSN-L)
- 1366-5847
- OpenAlex
- W1974523042
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ergonomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Keywords
- metabolic cost, snow depth, walking speed, fatigue limit, oxygen consumption, balance, treadmill walking
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Ergonomics, Locomotion, Male, Snow, Weather
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