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Trust in automation: Part I. Theoretical issues in the study of trust and human intervention in automated systems
Abstract
Today many systems are highly automated. The human operator's role in these systems is to supervise the automation and intervene to take manual control when necessary. The operator's choice of automatic or manual control has important consequences for system performance, and therefore it is important to understand and optimize this decision process. One important determinant of operators' choice of manual or automatic control may be their degree of trust in the automation. However, there have been no experimental tests of this hypothesis until recently, nor is there a model of human trust in machines to form a theoretical foundation for empirical studies. In this paper a model of human trust in machines is developed, taking models of trust between people as a starting point, and extending them to the human-machine relationship. The resulting model defines human trust in machines and specifies how trust changes with experience on a system, providing a framework for experimental research on trust and human intervention in automated systems.
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“Most of the studies investigated how to maintain appropriate trust calibration by continuously presenting system information to prevent over-trust or under-trust.”
From Adaptive trust calibration for human-AI collaboration (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Successful collaborations between users and agents would require the users to appropriately adjust their level of trust with the actual reliability of the agents.”
From Adaptive trust calibration for human-AI collaboration (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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Items 201–300 of 875
Trust as Extended Control: Human-Machine Interactions as Active Inference
Schoeller, F., Miller, M. M., Salomon, R., & Friston, K. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.669810 · Cited by 54
“Note that these three general definitions, derive from early definitions of trust by Muir (1994) and Mayer et al. (1995), according to whom trust is a trade-off between ability (A) and benevolence (B), whereby a reliable system is high in both A and B ( Figure 2 ).”
BackgroundMore Capable, Less Benevolent: Trust Perceptions of AI Systems across Societal Contexts
Novozhilova, E., Mays, K. K., Paik, S., & Katz, J. E. (2024) · Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction · doi:10.3390/make6010017 · Cited by 68
“Bonnie Muir [60] was one of the first researchers to challenge the idea that users’ trust consisted merely of systems’ technical properties.”
BackgroundZhang, Q., Wallbridge, C. D., Jones, D. M., & Morgan, P. L. (2023) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2023.103887 · Cited by 54
“…turn be influenced by expectations of the operating capabilities of the autonomous agency — both specific and general — and how they contrast with those of a human operator (Furlough et al., 2019; T. Kim & Hinds, 2006; J. Lee et al., 2021; J. D. Lee & See, 2004; Madhavan et al., 2006; Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundTakayama, L., & Nass, C. (2008) · Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.06.005 · Cited by 60
Wan, J., Wu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2016.07.003 · Cited by 49
Kraus, J., Miller, L., Klumpp, M., Babel, F., Scholz, D. D., Merger, J., & Baumann, M. R. K. (2023) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-022-00952-4 · Cited by 56
Use Patterns Among Early Adopters of Adaptive Cruise Control
Xiong, H., Boyle, L. N., Moeckli, J. K., Dow, B., & Brown, T. L. (2012) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720811434512 · Cited by 48
“Muir (1994) had observed similar behavior in operators intervening when trust in the automation fell below a certain threshold.”
Learning Situation Models for Providing Context-Aware Services
Brdiczka, O., Crowley, J. L., & Reignier, P. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73281-5_3 · Cited by 51
“Muir [69] shows that the usage of an automated and context-aware system will be optimal if the user’s trust corresponds to the objective trustworthiness of the system.”
BackgroundEvaluation of wearable immersive augmented reality technology in safety-critical systems
Grabowski, M., Rowen, A., & Rancy, J.-P. (2017) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.013 · Cited by 48
How to Design Valid Simulator Studies for Investigating User Experience in Automated Driving
Höck, P., Kraus, J., Babel, F., Walch, M., Rukzio, E., & Baumann, M. R. K. (2018) · International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI) · doi:10.1145/3239060.3239066 · Cited by 56
“User Characteristics Source Socio-demographics and experience Demographics [36] Age Gender [42] Subject matter expertise [42, 24, 36] Competency [36] Faith [85, 70, 71] Preexisting knowledge: expectations [42] Prior experience [8, 36, 42, 58, 71] History of interactions with the system [8, 36, 42, 58, 71] Training [8,…”
From manual to automated driving: how does trust evolve?
Manchon, J. B., Bueno, M., & Navarro, J. (2020) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2020.1830450 · Cited by 52
“Muir (1994): the dynamic of trust in machines Muir’s model is based on Barber’s (1983) three-point trust theory and Rempel, Holmes, and Zanna (1985) model of interpersonal trust development.”
BackgroundMethodTian, L., Carreno‐Medrano, P., Allen, A., Sumartojo, S., Mintrom, M., Zuniga, E. C., Venture, G., Croft, E. A., & Kulić, D. (2021) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3411763.3443440 · Cited by 46
“Before the robot-based workshop, the participants answered a pre-workshop questionnaire, which contained the GodSpeed questionnaire [2] for capturing their impression of the likebility and perceived intelligence of the robot, the Trust questionnaire [21] for capturing their trust towards the robot, and the Reliability…”
MethodManchon, J. B., Bueno, M., & Navarro, J. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208211052804 · Cited by 60
“Trust in Automation is a psychological construct (e.g., Muir, 1994) that has been shown to strongly in fl uence individuals ’ acceptance of automation (e.g., Beggiato & Krems, 2013; Ghazizadeh et al., 2012; Navarro, 2019).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Incorrect Reliability Information on Expectations, Perceptions, and Use of Automation
Barg‐Walkow, L. H., & Rogers, W. A. (2015) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720815610271 · Cited by 51
“Expectations about system capabilities and functions influence dependence on automation (e.g., Cohen, Parasuraman, & Freeman, 1998; Lacson, Wiegmann, & Madhavan, 2005; Lee & Moray, 1992, 1994; Lee & See, 2004; Muir, 1994; Parasuraman & Riley, 1997).”
BackgroundDesign of an intelligible mobile context-aware application
Lim, B. Y., & Dey, A. (2011) · Mobile HCI · doi:10.1145/2037373.2037399 · Cited by 72
Designing for effective end-user interaction with machine learning
Amershi, S. (2011) · ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) · doi:10.1145/2046396.2046416 · Cited by 49
Coppers, S., den Bergh, J. V., Luyten, K., Coninx, K., van der Lek-Ciudin, I., Vanallemeersch, T., & Vandeghinste, V. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3174098 · Cited by 49
Toward overtrust-free advanced driver assistance systems
Itoh, M. (2011) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-011-0195-2 · Cited by 46
“Even though huge number of studies have been carried out for the modeling of human trust in automation (see, e.g., Dzindolet et al. 2002; Lee and Moray 1992; Lee and See 2004; Muir 1994; Sheridan 1992), the focus of many tends to be acceptance and promoting trust.”
BackgroundFranke, T., Rauh, N., & Krems, J. F. (2015) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.09.010 · Cited by 44
Vega, L. C., DeHart, T., & Montague, E. N. H. (2011) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-011-0010-3 · Cited by 42
“…discussion and analysis of antecedents and facets of trust within the reviewed literature, which has been the foundational within the body of research on empirical factors of trust (see (Grabner-Krauter and Kaluscha, 2003, Muir, 1994)) for examples), were only used in six of the forty-nine papers.”
BackgroundMethodCocron, P., Bühler, F., Franke, T., Neumann, I., Dielmann, B., & Krems, J. F. (2013) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2013.803160 · Cited by 44
“The authors called it as PLoP and showed that in various areas there exists a quantifiable relation between the time to fulfil a certain task and the number of practice trials.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProbabilistic Human-Computer Trust Handling
Nothdurft, F., Richter, F., & Minker, W. (2014) · Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue · doi:10.3115/v1/w14-4307 · Cited by 44
Influence of lane departure warnings onset and reliability on car drivers' behaviors.
Navarro, J., Deniel, J., Yousfi, E., Jallais, C., Bueno, M., & Fort, A. (2017) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.08.010 · Cited by 45
“Based on Muir’s automation trust model, an unreliable assistance should lead drivers to reject the assistance considered (Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundMethodEmergency signal failure: implications and recommendations
Bliss, J. P., & Gilson, R. D. (1998) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/001401398187323 · Cited by 44
Automation bias - a hidden issue for clinical decision support system use.
Goddard, K. S., Roudsari, A., & Wyatt, J. C. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 43
Schaefer, K. E., Billings, D., Szalma, J., Adams, J. K., Sanders, T., Chen, J. Y. C., & Hancock, P. (2014) · doi:10.21236/ada607926 · Cited by 52
“Properly calibrated trust creates a situation where the human user is engaged with the automation and participates at the appropriate level in the process (Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialMerriman, S. E., Plant, K. L., Revell, K. M. A., & Stanton, N. A. (2020) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.10.011 · Cited by 43
Personality Openness Predicts Driver Trust in Automated Driving
Wen-min, L., Yao, N., Shi, Y., Nie, W., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Liang, J., Chen, F., & Gao, Z. (2020) · Automotive Innovation · doi:10.1007/s42154-019-00086-w · Cited by 44
Design of an airborne three-dimensional separation assistance display
Ellerbroek, J., Visser, M., van Dam, S. V., Mulder, M., & van Paassen, M. V. (2010) · IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmca.2010.2093890 · Cited by 29
“The interface should provide operators with information regarding their own performance, as well as that of the automation, so that the operators’ selfconfidence and trust correspond with the capabilities of the system and promote appropriate use of automation [6]–[ 8 ].”
BackgroundA Framework for Analyzing and Calibrating Trust in Automated Vehicles
Mirnig, A. G., Wintersberger, P., Sutter, C., & Ziegler, J. (2016) · International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI) · doi:10.1145/3004323.3004326 · Cited by 41
On the impact of different types of errors on trust in human-robot interaction
Flook, R., Shrinah, A., Wijnen, L., Eder, K., Melhuish, C., & Lemaignan, S. (2019) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.18067.flo · Cited by 41
“B. M. Muir (1994) aimed to model the concept of trust by combining Barber (1983) and other research relating to human-machine trust.”
BackgroundTo trust or not to trust smart consumer products: a literature review of trust-building factors
Michler, O., Decker, R., & Stummer, C. (2019) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-019-00171-8 · Cited by 49
“A transparent decision-making process can help consumers predict what choices the smart product may make (Antifakos et al. 2005), thus increasing the overall consumer trust in the smart product (Gregor and Benbasat 1999; Muir 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialModeling and intelligibility in ambient environments
Dey, A. K. (2009) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments · doi:10.3233/ais-2009-0008 · Cited by 41
“The lack of intelligibility of an application can be a serious issue that may lead to application failure or abandonment due to lack of trust [14] in the system.”
BackgroundChen, J., Mishler, S., & Hu, B. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2021.3051137 · Cited by 40
Ergonomics issues in future systems
Sinclair, M. (2007) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130701639474 · Cited by 38
“Trust is a popular topic with academics and a sizable literature on this is emerging (Luhmann 1973, Badaracco 1991, Lee 1994, Muir 1994, Richter 1994, Fukuyama 1995, Hosmer 1995, Mayer et al. 1995, Muir and Moray 1996, Egan 1998, Rycroft and Kash 1999, Siemieniuch and Sinclair 1999, 2000,…”
BackgroundThe exact determination of subjective risk and comfort thresholds in car following
Siebert, F. W., Oehl, M., Bersch, F., & Pfister, H. (2017) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2017.01.001 · Cited by 40
“…threshold headway can help to build trust and prevent a feeling of subjective risk in the driver, thereby increasing the use of such systems (Muir, 1994; Pereira, Beggiato, & Petzoldt, 2015), preventing dangerous takeover situations by the driver, and lowering the number of traffic…”
BackgroundScholz, D. D., Kraus, J., & Miller, L. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2307691 · Cited by 47
“A strong case for the conceptual relatedness of the two forms of PTT is that researchers in the automated technology domain draw strongly from PTT-H theory when conceptualizing PTT-A (e.g., Hoff & Bashir, 2015; J. D. Lee & Moray, 1992; J. D. Lee & See, 2004; Muir, 1987, 1994).”
Exploring tasks and challenges in human-robot collaborative systems: A review
Asif, S., Callari, T., Khan, F., Eimontaite, I., Hubbard, E.-M., Bahraini, M. S., Webb, P., & Lohse, N. (2026) · Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2025.103102 · Cited by 39
“…[133]; the impact on trust of individual differences, such as personality traits [81,134,135], culture [81, 135 – 137], mood [138,139] and self-confidence [140,141]; and recognise that, in human automation systems, trust is recognised to have both affective and cognitive features [142 – 144].”
Predictive model to assess user trust
Ajenaghughrure, I. B., Sousa, S., Kosunen, I., & Lamas, D. (2019) · Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (IndiaHCI) · doi:10.1145/3364183.3364195 · Cited by 39
Towards the Development of an Inter-cultural Scale to Measure Trust in Automation
Chien, S.-Y. J., Semnani‐Azad, Z., Lewis, M., & Sycara, K. P. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07308-8_4 · Cited by 40
MEASURING TRUST OF HUMAN OPERATORS IN NEW GENERATION RESCUE ROBOTS
Park, E., JENKINS, Q., & Jiang, X. (2008) · Proceedings of the JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power · doi:10.5739/isfp.2008.489 · Cited by 39
Principles of Explanation in Human-AI Systems
Mueller, S. T., Veinott, E. S., Hoffman, R. R., Klein, G., Alam, L., Mamun, T., & Clancey, W. J. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.04972
“In the context of studying human-autonomy trust, Muir (1994) proposed that system performance is a useful outcome of enhanced trust; similarly, Muir and Neville (1996) demonstrated that performance is distinct from trust, insofar as trust could be reduced by errors that do not impact overall…”
BackgroundHuman trust in otherware – a systematic literature review bringing all antecedents together
Saßmannshausen, T. M., Burggräf, P., Hassenzahl, M., & Wagner, J. (2022) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2022.2120634 · Cited by 42
“Regarding the level 1 antecedent experience, an extended positive interaction history – even indirectly through experiences of others (Lee and See 2004) – fosters trust (Deutsch 1958; Muir 1987, 1994).”
BackgroundAviation Automation: General Perspectives and Specific Guidance for the Design of Modes and Alerts
Pritchett, A. (2009) · Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics · doi:10.1518/155723409x448026 · Cited by 43
Using fNIRS to Verify Trust in Highly Automated Driving
Perello-March, J. R., Burns, C. G., Woodman, R., Elliott, M. T., & Birrell, S. A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3211089 · Cited by 39
“This is known as trust calibration [3].”
Adjustable Green Defaults Can Help Make Smart Homes More Sustainable
Sintov, N. D., & Schultz, P. W. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9040622 · Cited by 44
“According to Muir [51], predictability can further be broken down as stages of: 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialWhat Drivers Really Want: Investigating Dimensions in Automobile User Needs
Gkouskos, D., Normark, C. J., & Lundgren, S. (2014) · Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) · Cited by 37
Trust as a Construct for Evaluation of Automated Aids: Past and Future Theory and Research
Masalonis, A. J., & Parasuraman, R. (1999) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/154193129904300312 · Cited by 36
“General recommendations include the study of the effect of experience (see above discussion of Muir, 1994), and using higher-fidelity simulations and field studies, in order to ensure that the principles of automation trust derived through simpler laboratory tasks extend to the systems to which…”
BackgroundInfluentialAdvanced manufacturing and digital twin technology for nuclear energy*
Mondal, K., Martinez, O. A., & Jain, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1339836 · Cited by 44
Self-Explanation in Adaptive Systems Based on Runtime Goal-Based Models
Welsh, K., Bencomo, N., Sawyer, P., & Whittle, J. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44871-7_5 · Cited by 36
IMPACTS: a trust model for human-autonomy teaming
Hou, M., Ho, G., & Dunwoody, D. (2021) · Human-Intelligent Systems Integration · doi:10.1007/s42454-020-00023-x · Cited by 39
“A variety of models exist describing the development of trust in automation (e.g., Abbass et al. 2016; Hancock et al. 2011; Hoff and Bashir 2015; Lee and See 2004; Muir 1994; Schaefer et al. 2016; Sheridan 2019a).”
BackgroundBass, E., & Pritchett, A. (2008) · IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part A. Systems and humans · doi:10.1109/tsmca.2008.923068 · Cited by 38
“An ability to predict the automation can provide a basis for the human to trust it (e.g., [20] and [ 50 ]).”
BackgroundGuidelines for Trust in Future ATM Systems: Measures
Woldring, M., Goillau, P. J., Kelly, C. M. B., Boardman, M., & Jeannot, É. (2003) · Cited by 36
PhD, H. C., Pakbaz, A., Jang, Y., & Jeong, I. (2024) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-5692 · Cited by 37
Exploring trust of mobile applications based on user behaviors: an empirical study
Yan, Z., Dong, Y. H., Niemi, V., & Yu, G. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2013.01044.x · Cited by 36
Examination of Automation-Induced Complacency and Individual Difference Variates
Prinzel, L. J., DeVries, H., Freeman, F. G., & Mikulka, P. J. (2001) · Cited by 35
Chang, W.-C., & Hasanzadeh, S. (2024) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-5656 · Cited by 37
Shen, S., & Neyens, D. M. (2014) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931214581435 · Cited by 34
Montague, E. N. H., & Asan, O. (2012) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2012.663002 · Cited by 39
“…trust in technology tend to focus on the characteristics and functioning of the tool and do not include dimensions of use such as attitudes about the active user and perceptions of how the active user uses the technology (Muir 1994, Parasuraman and Riley 1997, Merritt and Ilgen 2008, Spain et al .”
BackgroundHuman–machine interaction theories and lane departure warnings
Navarro, J. (2016) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2016.1243274 · Cited by 34
“More speci fi c, device related rules might be constructed after driver familiarisation with a speci fi c LDWS. Trust in automation in particular is known to be able to modulate human behaviour (Muir 1994).”
BackgroundInfluence of cultural factors in dynamic trust in automation
Chien, S.-Y., Lewis, M., Sycara, K., Liu, J.-S., & Kumru, A. (2016) · 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) · doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844677 · Cited by 30
“Previous studies [3], [4] have shown shifts in trust in response to changes in properties and performance of the automation.”
ResultApproaches in Intelligent Music Production
David, M., & Sandler, M. B. (2019) · Arts · doi:10.3390/arts8040125 · Cited by 34
“The key aspects that are important for this will be ensuring consistency in the approach, so that engineers may have the time to learn to trust the system (Muir 1994).”
BackgroundIntegration of the human operator into responsive discrete production management systems
Trentesaux, D., Moray, N. P., & Tahón, C. (1998) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/s0377-2217(98)00062-9 · Cited by 34
Lenior, D., Janssen, W. H., Neerincx, M. A., & Schreibers, K. B. J. (2006) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2006.04.021 · Cited by 34
“Due to clumsy user interfaces and system errors, trust may decline substantially (Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialEkman, F., Johansson, M., Karlsson, M., Strömberg, H. K., & Bligård, L. (2020) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.10.012 · Cited by 33
Systemic Oversimplification Limits the Potential for Human-AI Partnership
Metcalfe, J. S., Perelman, B. S., Boothe, D. L., & McDowell, K. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3078298 · Cited by 37
Intelligent autonomous agents and trust in virtual reality
Sun, N., & Botev, J. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100146 · Cited by 36
Yu, T., Tian, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Pan, Y., & Jang, W. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13060461 · Cited by 47
“This phenomenon has been referred to in existing literature as “operational trust” or “functional acceptance” [85], which differs from “moral trust” [86] built upon value alignment and ethical consistency.”
Kalaycı, T. E., Kalaycı, E. G., Lechner, G., Neuhuber, N., Spitzer, M., Westermeier, E., & Stocker, A. (2020) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2020.100186 · Cited by 39
Szabó, B. M., Őrsi, B., & Csukonyi, C. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01529-8 · Cited by 33
“Expectations about the machine’s capabilities best captured what people meant when they said they trusted machines [9].”
BackgroundTrust and Reliance Based on System Accuracy
Yu, K., Berkovsky, S., Conway, D., Taib, R., Zhou, J. J., & Chen, F. (2016) · ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP) · doi:10.1145/2930238.2930290 · Cited by 34
From Human Driving to Automated Driving: What Do We Know About Drivers?
Xie, S., Chen, S., Zheng, J., Tomizuka, M., Zheng, N., & Wang, J. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3084149 · Cited by 32
Heterogeneous human–robot task allocation based on artificial trust
Ali, A., Azevedo-Sa, H., Tilbury, D. M., & Robert, L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19140-5 · Cited by 32
“Although there are many definitions of trust (e.g., see 39,40 ), a recent paper found common ground that trust is “a dyadic relation in which one person accepts vulnerability because they expect that the other person’s future action will be governed by certain characteris-tics” 41 .”
BackgroundComputational Methodology for the Allocation of Work and Interaction in Human-Robot Teams
IJtsma, M., Ma, L. M., Pritchett, A. R., & Feigh, K. M. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making · doi:10.1177/1555343419869484 · Cited by 32
“Some methods for examining this teamwork have been extended from the social sciences and studies of teams to human-automation interaction (see, for example, Bass & Pritchett, 2008; Muir, 1994; Muir & Moray, 1996; Woods, 1985; Woods & Hollnagel, 2006).”
MethodIncreasing User Experience and Trust in Automated Vehicles via an Ambient Light Display
Löcken, A., Frison, A.-K., Fahn, V., Kreppold, D., Götz, M., & Riener, A. (2020) · International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI) · doi:10.1145/3379503.3403567 · Cited by 36
“On the one hand, the driver might overtrust in the automated vehicle’s abilities, which can lead to misuse [25, 34] and thus to fatal consequences, as in the example of the distracted Uber driver.”
BackgroundInfluentialFlemisch, F. O., Altendorf, E., Canpolat, Y., Weßel, G., Baltzer, M. C. A., López, D., Herzberger, N. D., Voß, G. M. I., Schwalm, M., & Schutte, P. C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53305-5_23 · Cited by 31
Dzindolet, M. T., Beck, H. P., Pierce, L. G., & Dawe, L. A. (2001) · doi:10.21236/ada393966 · Cited by 31
Hajiseyedjavadi, F., Boer, E. R., Romano, R. A., Paschalidis, E., Wei, C., Solernou, A., Förster, D., & Merat, N. (2022) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2022.07.018 · Cited by 30
How Do Drivers Perceive Risks During Automated Driving Scenarios? An fNIRS Neuroimaging Study
Perello-March, J. R., Burns, C. G., Woodman, R., Birrell, S. A., & Elliott, M. T. (2023) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208231185705 · Cited by 31
“Both have strong ties to situation awareness and trust in automation (Endsley, 1995; Muir, 1994).”
Trust dynamics in human interaction with an industrial robot
Alhaji, B., Büttner, S., Kumar, S. S., & Prilla, M. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2316284 · Cited by 34
“…trust to investigate trust in technology (e.g. [Christoforakos et al. 2021; Gulati, Sousa, and Lamas 2019; Komiak, Wang, and Benbasat 2004]), others argue for a di ff erent understanding of trust in technology, which also includes technology-related factors (e.g. [Lee and Moray 1992; Muir 1994]).”
Onnasch, L., Ruff, S., & Manzey, D. (2014) · Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.05.001 · Cited by 27
“Although, researchers in the early 90s already argued that system experience has substantial impact on how operators interact with and monitor automation (e.g. Lee and Moray, 1992; Muir, 1987, 1994), only few studies have picked up this claim and focused on reliance development since then.”
BackgroundContext-Adaptive Management of Drivers’ Trust in Automated Vehicles
Azevedo-Sa, H., Jayaraman, S. K., Yang, X. J., Robert, L., & Tilbury, D. M. (2020) · IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters · doi:10.1109/lra.2020.3025736 · Cited by 29
Coppers, S., Vanacken, D., & Luyten, K. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3432225 · Cited by 29
Trust Dynamics and Verbal Assurances in Human Robot Physical Collaboration
Alhaji, B., Prilla, M., & Rausch, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2021.703504 · Cited by 29
“This model has been tested by Muir in the context of human-automation interaction (Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundMethodEvaluating Intelligibility Usage and Usefulness in a Context-Aware Application
Lim, B. Y., & Dey, A. K. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39342-6_11 · Cited by 29
Incorporating behavioral trust theory into system development for ubiquitous applications
Hoffmann, H., & Söllner, M. (2012) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-012-0631-1 · Cited by 34
“While this is not optimal, further analysis of the data available using a related theory of technology acceptance found in [16, 41] indicates that addressing more uncertainties (i.”
BackgroundInfluentialModerators Of Trust And Reliance Across Multiple Decision Aids
Ross, J. M. (2008) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 30
Smart Icing Systems for Aircraft Icing Safety
Bragg, M., Başar, T., Perkins, W., Selig, M. S., Voulgaris, P. G., Melody, J. W., & Sarter, N. B. (2003) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2003-01-2100 · Cited by 29
Müller, L. S., Nohe, C., Reiners, S., Becker, J., & Hertel, G. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196598 · Cited by 39
“Generally, users consider these properties when they assess whether they can trust the system (Lee and See 2004; McKnight et al. 2011; Muir 1994).”
BackgroundA review of mathematical models of human trust in automation
Rodriguez, L. R., Bustamante-Orellana, C., Chiou, E. K., Huang, L., Cooke, N. J., & Kang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics · doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1171403 · Cited by 32
“Adopting the modeling approaches of Muir (1994), Muir and Moray (1996), and Busemeyer and Townsend (1993), we can propose the mathematical formulation of trust as follows: An example of the intermediate timescale of modeling trust in automation Tr M ( t ) at time t can be modeled as a function of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMachine learning and human‐machine trust in healthcare: A systematic survey
Lin, H., Han, J., Wu, P., Wang, J., Tu, J., Tang, H., & Zhu, L. (2023) · CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology · doi:10.1049/cit2.12268 · Cited by 33
Building a framework to manage trust in automation
Metcalfe, J. S., Marathe, A. R., Haynes, B., Paul, V., Gremillion, G. M., Drnec, K., Atwater, C., Estepp, J. R., Lukos, J. R., Carter, E. C., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2264245 · Cited by 28
“The fact that human trust in automation (TiA) is considered to be a major determinant of acceptance and use of these advanced technologies has been welldocumented [4-9].”
BackgroundTowards the Development of a Trustworthy Chatbot for Mental Health Applications
Kraus, M., Seldschopf, P., & Minker, W. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67835-7_30 · Cited by 28
Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles in China
Luo, C., He, M., & Xing, C. (2022) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2115336 · Cited by 30
“Among all factors influencing public acceptance and adoption of AVs, trust could be fundamental and crucial (e.g., Choi & Ji, 2015; Hoff & Bashir, 2015; Lee & See, 2004; Liu et al., 2019; Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundPoliteness in Machine-Human and Human-Human Interaction
Meyer, J., Miller, C., Hancock, P. A., de Visser, E. J., & Dorneich, M. C. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601064 · Cited by 28
“In the context of human factors, the notion of trust in automation as resembling interpersonal trust has been widely studied (e. g., Lee & See, 2004; Meyer & Lee, 2013; Muir, 1994).”
BackgroundPoornikoo, M., Gyldensten, W., Vesin, B., & Øvergård, K. I. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2399439 · Cited by 30
“This concept was later integrated into many early models of trust in automation (eg, Lee & Moray, 1992, 1994; Lee & See, 2004; Muir, 1994; Muir & Moray, 1996).”
InfluentialDesigning the Human in the Loop of Self-Adaptive Systems
Gil, M., Pelechano, V., Fons, J., & Albert, M. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48746-5_45 · Cited by 27
Strickland, L. J. G., Boag, R. J., Heathcote, A., Bowden, V. K., & Loft, S. D. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000463 · Cited by 30
A distributed reputation scheme for situation awareness in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Oluoch, J. (2016) · IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support · doi:10.1109/cogsima.2016.7497787 · Cited by 27
“In human-machine trust establishment, human intervention is sometimes needed to supervise the machine [1].”
BackgroundTrust in Automation as a Matter of Media Influence and Experi-ence of Automated Vehicles
Feldhütter, A., Gold, C., Hüger, A., & Bengler, K. J. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601460 · Cited by 31
“This is a matter of trust, as a lack of driver trust will lead to misuse of the system (Muir, 1994), and, closely related to trust, also necessitates the acceptance of the system (Beller, Heesen & Vollrath, 2013).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- MUIR, B. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- MUIR, BONNIE M.
- Venue
- Ergonomics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1905-1922
- ISSN
- 0014-0139 (ISSN-L)
- 1366-5847
- OpenAlex
- W2032426551
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ergonomics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Keywords
- trust in automation, human-machine trust, human intervention, manual control, automated systems, operator decision-making, trust model, human oversight
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