The Influence of Symbolic Rehearsal upon the Retention of a Maze Habit
Abstract
On a fait cette expérience dans le but de déterminer si la répétition symbolique d'une habitude motrice, interpolée dans la période entre l'apprentissage et le réapprentissage, aide la rétention après sept jours. Trois groupes, chacun de vingt sujets, rendus égaux à l'égard de l'âge et de la capacité à apprendre, ont appris et réappris un labyrinthe dans des conditions comparables. On a dit à un groupe de dessiner la forme du labyrinthe le plus souvent possible dans l'intervalle entre l'apprentissage et le réapprentissage. Cinq des dessins ont été faits immédiatement après l'apprentissage et cinq immédiatement avant le réapprentissage. On a dit à un autre groupe de penser à la forme du labyrinthe le plus souvent possible dans l'intervalle, mais ni de dessiner ni de tracer sa forme. On a dit au troisème groupe de ne pas penser à la forme dans l'intervalle. On a obtenu des rapports verbaux des activités pendant les périodes de l'apprentissage, du réapprentissage, et de la répétition. On a constaté que la répétition du dessin aide la rétention d'une manière définie. Ni l'un ni l'autre type de la répétition n'ont montré aucune corrélation entre la fréquence rapportée de la répétition et le nombre d'erreurs dans le réapprentissage. On discute brièvement les conditions dans lesquelles la répétition symbolique des habitudes motrices peut aider. On a obtenu des rapports verbaux des activités pendant les périodes de après l'apprentissage et immédiatement avant le réapprentissage. Referat Es war die Absicht dieser Untersuchung, zu bestimmen, ob die symbolische (ideologische) Wiederholung einer motorischen Gewohnheit, in die Periode zwischen dem ursprunglichen Lernen und dem Wiederlernen eigeschaltet, die Beibehaltung nach sieben Tagen fördert. Drei Gruppen, bestehend aus je zwanzig Versuchspersonen, die in Bezug auf Alter und Lernfähigkeit gleichgeschaltet worden waren, lernten und wiederholten die Durchforschung eines Labyrinthes unter vergleichbaren Umständen. Eine Gruppe wurde ersucht, so oft wie möglich die Gestaltung des Labyrinthes zu zeichnen, während des Zeitintervalles zwischen dem Lernen und dem Wiederlernen. Fünf von den Zeichnungen wurden gerade vor dem Lernen und fünf gerade von dem Wiederlernen gemacht. Von den Mitgliedern einer zweiten Gruppe verlangte man, dass sie sich das Labyrinth während des Intervalles so oft wie möglich durchdenken, aber dass sie die Gestaltung [pattern] des Labyrinthes nicht zeichnen oder abzeichnen [trace] sollten. Die dritte Gruppe wurde ersucht, während des Intervalles nicht an die Gestaltung des Labyrinthes zu denken. Es wurden wörtliche Protokolle [verbal reports] gesammelt, über die Tätigkeiten der Versuchspersonen während der Perioden des Lernens, des Wiederlernens, und des Wiederholens. Es zeigte sich, das eine Wiederholung durch Zeichnen des Labyrinthes eine bestimmt günstige Einwirkung auf die Beibehaltung ausübte. Der günstige Einfluss des Durchdenkens war weniger ausgeprägt. Weder die eine noch die andere dieser beiden Arten der Wiederholung lieferte eine Korrelation zwischen der gemeldeten Häufigket der Wiederholungen einerseits und der Zahl der Fehler bei dem Wiederlernen anderseits. Es werden die Bedingungen, unter denen eine symbolische Wiederholung motorischer Gewohnheiten günstig einwirken kann, kurz besprochen. Es werden auch die Befunde einer Analyse der Zeichnungen sofort nach dem Lernen und eben vor dem Wierderlernen gegeben.
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When learners are asked to mentally rehearse a motor task, learning is improved.
“It has been known for some time that when learners are asked to mentally rehearse a motor task, learning is improved (Sackett 1934).”
From Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later (2019) · cites this paper as Sackett 1934
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Problems of Method and Theory in Controlling Rest Activity
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- Authors
- Sackett, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sackett, Robert S.
- Venue
- The Journal of General Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1934-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 376-398
- ISSN
- 0022-1309 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-0888
- OpenAlex
- W2013468841
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- maze learning, relearning, mental imagery
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