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Type D Personality as a Prognostic Factor in Heart Disease: Assessment and Mediating Mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Type D personality, a synergy between negative affectivity and social inhibition, has established itself as a serious risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize studies on the validity of the assessment methods of Type D, emphasizing its role as an independent vulnerability factor in the progression of cardiovascular disease. We further present evidence on the physiological characteristics that accompany the 2 psychological traits negative affectivity and social inhibition and may mediate the relation between personality and prognosis in heart disease. Further research needs to determine the mechanisms by which Type D affects the course and outcome of cardiovascular disease as well as how Type D patients may benefit from psychosocial intervention.
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“Type D acts through many behavioral risk factors for the inception and progression of CVD, including maintaining a poor diet and smoking [146].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [146]
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“Correlational studies have shown that Type D personality is different from behavior patterns Type A and Type B [2].”
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Self-citationChapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283
“Type D acts through many behavioral risk factors for the inception and progression of CVD, including maintaining a poor diet and smoking [146].”
BackgroundFerguson, E. (2011) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2010.547985 · Cited by 220
“The identified ‘at risk’ groups should be further examined with more extensive measures that identify potential risk behaviours and mechanisms linked to the specific clinical outcome (see Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundPolman, R. C. J., Borkoles, E., & Nicholls, A. R. (2009) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910709x479069 · Cited by 178
Mommersteeg, P. M. C., Kupper, N. H. M., & Denollet, J. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-714 · Cited by 107
“cortisol hyperactivity, cardiovascular hyper-reactivity, immune factors) mechanisms have been suggested [5,6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe role of negative affectivity and social inhibition in perceiving social threat: An fMRI study
Kret, M. E., Denollet, J., Grèzes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.007 · Cited by 104
“In a study that included 167 students, scores were as follows: negative affectivity: M = 7.49, SD = 5.34, social inhibition: M = 9.06, SD = 5.24 (Kupper & Denollet, 2007). tivity and social inhibition in perceiving social threat: An fMRI study.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKupper, N. H. M., Pedersen, S. S., Höfer, S., Saner, H. E., Oldridge, N., & Denollet, J. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.084 · Cited by 103
“Although the prevalence of Type D personality was comparable to previously published studies in Europe [32] and Asia [14,33], there was a substantial variation across country clusters, with South- and EastEuropean clusters displaying the highest prevalence rates.”
ResultSelf-citationPelle, A. J., Schiffer, A. A., Smith, O. R., Widdershoven, J. W., & Denollet, J. (2010) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.086 · Cited by 96
Self-citationNine-Year Stability of Type D Personality: Contributions of Genes and Environment
Kupper, N. H. M., Boomsma, D. I., de Geus, E. J. C., Denollet, J., & Willemsen, G. A. H. M. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181fdce54 · Cited by 91
“First, because the Type D scale (DS14) was not available for these twin data sets, an extensively validated 20-item proxy was used to assess Type D personality and its subcomponents, and a median split was used to classify persons as having a Type D personality (just like in earlier versions of the Type D scale, DS16)…”
MethodSelf-citationSmith, T. W. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31822e095e · Cited by 89
van Dooren, F. E. P., Denollet, J., Verhey, F. R. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Sep, S. J. S., Henry, R. M. A., Kremers, S., Dagnelie, P. C., Schaper, N. C., Kallen, C., et al. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0722-z · Cited by 84
“Also, biological mechanisms like a dysfunctional HPA-axis, increased heart rate and blood pressure have been proposed [26 – 29].”
Self-citationCompare, A., Bigi, R., Orrego, P. S., Proietti, R., Grossi, E., & Steptoe, A. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9474-x · Cited by 78
“It has been argued that type D is better represented as a dimensional than a categorical construct and that the categorization of variables is not an appropriate representation of the synergistic combination of the two dimensions that supposedly underlies the concept [37].”
BackgroundHoward, S., & Hughes, B. M. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.603423 · Cited by 72
“This is important as existing research studies with measures of neuroticism and introversion already incorporated, could use these proxy measures for identification of the Type D personality in the absence of the specific Type D scales (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNyklíček, I., van Beugen, S., & Denollet, J. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9431-3 · Cited by 70
“SI is conceptualized as the tendency to inhibit the expression of emotions and behaviors in social interactions, which is related to the construct of introversion (r = 0.59–0.65) (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationPersonality as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review
Mommersteeg, P. M. C., & Pouwer, F. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.019 · Cited by 87
“autonomic nervous system activity, HPA-axis functioning, serotonergic dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammation [11,30,31,57–59].”
BackgroundStrober, L. B. (2016) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1164321 · Cited by 63
“Individuals with a ‘Type A Personality’ were described as being aggressive, competitive, and hostile and more importantly, more likely to suffer from heart disease (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundBibbey, A., Carroll, D., Ginty, A. T., & Phillips, A. C. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000194 · Cited by 62
“Second, given that it has been stated that Type D personality is more than just NA, and that SI is an important moderator of the effects of negative emotions on adverse clinical outcomes (53), it would have”
BackgroundDubayova, T., Krokavcova, M., Nagyova, I., Rosenberger, J., Gdovinova, Z., Middel, B., Groothoff, J. W., & van Dijk, J. P. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0257-9 · Cited by 59
“could be labeled as having Type D personality and are characterized by a fear of impending troubles and by avoidance of negative reactions from others through excessive control over self-expression [28–30].”
BackgroundType D Personality Predicts Poor Medication Adherence in Patients with Heart Failure in the USA
Wu, J. R., & Moser, D. K. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9366-2 · Cited by 53
“Type D personality may be a psychosocial risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease [16].”
BackgroundType D Personality and Chronic Pain: Construct and Concurrent Validity of the DS14
Barnett, M. D., Ledoux, T. A., Garcini, L. M., & Baker, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-009-9152-0 · Cited by 50
Nefs, G., Pouwer, F., Pop, V. J. M., & Denollet, J. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.006 · Cited by 53
Self-citationSvansdottir, E., van den Broek, K. C., Karlsson, H. D., Gudnason, T., & Denollet, J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-42 · Cited by 46
“However, further research revealed that Type D personality is also associated with increased morbidity [12], mortality [13-15] and a poor quality of life [16] across diverse CVD patient groups, where it has been associated with a 3-fold increased risk of poor prognosis [17].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationModeling synergy: How to assess a Type D personality effect
Lodder, P. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109990 · Cited by 48
“Furthermore, Denollet, Sys and Brutsaert [6] claimed that the interaction [emphasis added] of emotional distress and inhibition of one's feelings can be viewed as a form of stress that may create or exacerbate serious health problems” (p. 583).”
BackgroundInfluentialHeritability of Type-D Personality
Kupper, N. H. M., Denollet, J., de Geus, E. J. C., Boomsma, D. I., & Willemsen, G. A. H. M. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318149f4a7 · Cited by 49
Self-citationDecline in Health-Related Quality of Life 6 Months After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Middel, B., El-Baz, N., Pedersen, S. S., van Dijk, J. P., Wynia, K., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2013) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e3182a102ae · Cited by 47
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Self-citationWu, J. R., Song, E. K., & Moser, D. K. (2015) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.03.006 · Cited by 45
Svansdóttir, E., Karlsson, H. D., Guðnason, Þ., Ólason, D. Þ., Thorgilsson, H., Sigtryggsdottir, U., Sijbrands, E. J. G., Pedersen, S. S., & Denollet, J. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9337-5 · Cited by 45
Self-citationFava, G. A., Sonino, N., & Wise, T. N. (2011) · Advances in psychosomatic medicine · doi:10.1159/isbn.978-3-8055-9854-5 · Cited by 45
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“The Type D personality describes a ‘‘general propensity to psychological distress’’ (Denollet and Conraads, 2011) and has proven to have substantial significance in cardiovascular disease prediction (Denollet et al., 1996; Kupper and Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundKupper, N. H. M., van den Broek, K. C., Widdershoven, J. W. M. G., & Denollet, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00192 · Cited by 43
“Type D personality prevalence was 28% in AF patients, which was to be expected in a cardiac patient population (Kupper and Denollet, 2007).”
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Self-citationProgramas de rehabilitación cardiaca y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Situación actual
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Psychometric properties of the Type D scale (DS14) in Norwegian cardiac patients
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“In addition, correlational studies have shown that type D personality is different from behavior patterns type A and type B [8].”
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“The population was selected according to risk of obstructive sleep apnoea rather than CVD, but the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors indicates that our population was in fact a group at high risk for CVD.”
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Grandi, S., Sirri, L., Wise, T. N., Tossani, E., & Fava, G. A. (2011) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000328576 · Cited by 37
Lodder, P., Denollet, J., Emons, W. H. M., Nefs, G., Pouwer, F., Speight, J., & Wicherts, J. M. (2019) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2018.1562863 · Cited by 39
“The Type D subcomponent Social Inhibition (SI) was proposed to moderate the effect of the other subcomponent Negative Affectivity (NA) on health problems (Kupper & Denollet, 2007, 2016).”
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Attachment style and self-esteem: The mediating role of Type D personality
Veld, E. M. J. H. I. ’., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., & Denollet, J. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.034 · Cited by 32
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Type-D personality and body image in men: The role of exercise status
Borkoles, E., Polman, R. C. J., & Levy, A. R. (2009) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.10.005 · Cited by 32
“SI, on the other hand, is associated with inhibiting the expression of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in social interactions (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialType D personality and metabolic syndrome in a 7-year prospective occupational cohort
Mommersteeg, P. M. C., Herr, R. M., Bosch, J. A., Fischer, J. E., & Loerbroks, A. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.05.004 · Cited by 32
“Several mechanisms have been proposed as possible mediators of the link between Type D and cardiovascular disease outcomes [3,4].”
BackgroundA review of psychosocial factors and personality in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
Cayanan, E. A., Bartlett, D. J., Chapman, J. L., Hoyos, C. M., Phillips, C. L., & Grunstein, R. R. (2019) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0005-2019 · Cited by 31
Cardiovascular diseases and psychosocial factors at work
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“…physiologic responses, including poorer immune functioning (Denollet et al., 2003) and increased cortisol release in response to stress (Habra, Linden, Anderson, & Weinberg, 2003), lower self-ratings of health (Chapman et al., 2007b), and increased cardiovascular risk (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
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“These findings simply suggest that the association between type D personality and adverse CV prognosis(21) may be explained by other pathways(22) hypothesized in both biological and behavioral mechanisms.(23) Biological pathways that were taken into account included elevated cortisol levels(24) and pro-inflammatory cy…”
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“Type D personality has been reported to be a risk factor for cardiac events [49].”
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Henningsson, S., Baghaei, F., Rosmond, R., Holm, G., Landén, M., Anckarsäter, H. S., & Ekman, A. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-16 · Cited by 25
The Construct Validity of Social Inhibition and the Type-D Taxonomy
Grande, G., Glaesmer, H., & Roth, M. (2010) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105310369186 · Cited by 23
“…the prognostic validity has resulted in a growing interest in the construct validity of the type-D taxonomy and the role of social inhibition in particular (Denollet, 2005; Garssen, 2007; Grande et al., 2004; Kupper & Denollet, 2007; Perbandt, Hodapp, Wendt, & Jordan, 2006; Steptoe & Molloy, 2007).”
BackgroundType D personality and quality of life in subjects after myocardial infarction
Ogińska-Bulik, N. J. (2014) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.5603/kp.a2014.0066 · Cited by 23
Assessment of Personality in Psychosomatic Medicine: Current Concepts
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Type D Personality Mediates the Relationship Between Remembered Parenting and Perceived Health
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Self-citationZuccarella‐Hackl, C., von Känel, R., Thomas, L., Kuebler, P., Schmid, J., Mattle, H. P., Mono, M.-L., Rieben, R., Wiest, R., & Wirtz, P. H. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.031 · Cited by 22
“However, potential mechanisms underlying poor cardiac prognosis with Type D are unclear and may include inflammatory processes (Denollet et al., 2003; Kupper and Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundO’Riordan, A., Howard, S., & Gallagher, S. M. (2020) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2020.1746284 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, Type D personality is posited to consist of more than the presence of NA and SI and is suggested to be a synergistic effect of both constructs combined, (Denollet, 2005; Kupper & Denollet, 2007, 2014).”
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van den Tooren, M., & Rutte, C. G. (2015) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/a0039754 · Cited by 27
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A re-evaluation of the Type D personality effect
Lodder, P. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110254 · Cited by 21
Occupational stress and personality traits in multiple sclerosis: A preliminary study
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Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs and Health-Related Quality of Life. State of the Art
Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda, R., Diego, I. M. A., Martín, J. J. A., Sánchez, A. M., & Page, J. C. M. (2011) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2011.07.015 · Cited by 24
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A one-year prospective investigation of Type D personality and self-reported physical health
Allen, S. F., Wetherell, M. A., & Smith, M. (2019) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1568431 · Cited by 18
“Given previous findings linking Type D to a range of health outcomes including; poor prognosis in heart disease patients (Kupper & Denollet, 2007); cancer survivors (Mols, Denollet, Kaptein, Reemst, & Thong, 2012) and other clinical populations (Mols & Denollet, 2010a) as well as increased physical…”
BackgroundType D personality is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to stress in women
O’Riordan, A., Howard, S., Keogh, T. M., & Gallagher, S. M. (2022) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.2025239 · Cited by 18
“Type D personality is suggested to represent more than the mere presence of NA and SI alone, with SI moderating the effect of NA on clinical outcomes (Kupper & Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundRELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF RUSSIAN VERSION OF DS14 SCORE FOR ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE PATIENTS
Pushkarev, G. S., Va, K., Yaroslavskaya, E. I., & Bessonov, I. S. (2016) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-6-50-54 · Cited by 17
Unterrainer, J. M., Michal, M., Rahm, B., Hadzibegovic, J., Wild, P. S., Schulz, A., Münzel, T. F., Blettner, M., Lackner, K. J., Pfeiffer, N., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.221 · Cited by 16
Self-citationGarcía‐Retamero, R., Petrova, D., Arrebola-Moreno, A. L., Catena, A., & Ramírez‐Hernández, J. A. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12196 · Cited by 16
“However, our mediation analysis was theory driven (Kupper & Denollet, 2007; Mommersteeg et al., 2010) and we believe it can be informative to the literature of potential mechanisms of Type D personality.”
MethodMulti-method analysis of the internal structure of the Type D Scale-14 (DS14)
Straat, J. H., van der Ark, L. A., & Sijtsma, K. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.005 · Cited by 15
“Distressed personality [1–3], Type D for short, is a psychological risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease [3–5].”
BackgroundType D Personality and Health Behaviors in People Living with Obesity
Buczkowska, M., Górski, M. K., Domagalska, J., Buczkowski, K., & Nowak, P. G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214650 · Cited by 18
Gender differences in quality of life perception and cardiovascular risk in a community sample
Prata, J., Martins, A. Q., Ramos, S., Rocha‐Gonçalves, F., & Coelho, R. C. (2016) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2015.09.022 · Cited by 13
Nefs, G., Pouwer, F., Denollet, J., & Pop, V. J. M. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-388 · Cited by 14
“Finally, although we aim to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the adverse effect of emotional distress on vascular outcomes, no information was available on several interesting candidate mechanisms, including dysfunctional activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitter function or inflamm…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersonality and physical health.
Smith, T. W., Williams, P., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14343-029 · Cited by 16
Psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice
Pushkarev, G. S., & Мацкеплишвили, С. Т. (2021) · Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya · doi:10.21688/1681-3472-2021-4-30-40 · Cited by 12
The Mortality Rate of Myocardial Infraction Patients With and Without Opium Dependen
Harati, H., Shamsi, A., Moghadam, M. F., Zadeh, F. S. S., & Ghazi, A. (2015) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.22576 · Cited by 12
“It may also correct the erroneous belief (20, 21) that opium can have a protective effect on the heart.”
BackgroundEl-Baz, N., Ondušová, D., Studenčan, M., Rosenberger, J., Reijneveld, S. A., van Dijk, J. P., & Middel, B. (2017) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1177/1474515117747571 · Cited by 12
Lin, T., You, K.-X., Hsu, C., Li, Y.-D., Lin, C.-L., Weng, C., & Koo, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215726 · Cited by 12
Pop, V. J. M., Boekhorst, M. G. B. M., Deneer, R., Oei, S. G., Endendijk, J. J., & Kop, W. J. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001050 · Cited by 12
“Nonetheless, various studies propose that NA is a possible risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in the general population (23,24).”
BackgroundCheon, M. Y., & Kang, J. (2016) · Korean Journal of Adult Nursing · doi:10.7475/kjan.2016.28.1.61 · Cited by 11
“개인의 심리적 특성 중 우울과 불안 및 D유형 성격은 치료지시이행에 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 자기효능감과 극복력은 치료지시이 행을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있다[8-11].”
Psychogenic heart disease—stress and the heart: a historical perspective
Stanley, R. O., & Burrows, G. D. (2008) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1197 · Cited by 10
Using scalability coefficients and conditional association to assess monotone homogeneity
Straat, J. H. (2012) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 10
Montero, P., Rueda, B., & Bermúdez, J. (2012) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.17.num.2.2012.11318 · Cited by 9
Burden of abdominal obesity in cardiac rehabilitation patients
Barth, J. (2011) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13153 · Cited by 8
Independent effects of early-life experience and trait aggression on cardiovascular function
Rana, S., Pugh, P. C., Katz, E. M., Stringfellow, S. A., Lin, C. P., Wyss, J. M., Stauss, H. M., White, C. R., Clinton, S. M., & Kerman, I. A. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00505.2015 · Cited by 8
“Similarly, 49 distinct dimensions of emotionality have also been linked to cardiovascular disease (44).”
BackgroundMental Health and Quality of Life by Type-D Personality of the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Cha, K., Im, S., & Cho, O. (2013) · The Journal of the Korea Contents Association · doi:10.5392/jkca.2013.13.05.286 · Cited by 8
“최근에는 D 유형 성격(type D personality)이 심혈관질환자의 질병과정에 영향을 미 치는 기질적 특성으로 관심을 받고 있다[5].”
Type D personality and metabolic syndrome among Finnish female municipal workers
Majaluoma, S., Seppälä, T., Kautiainen, H., & Korhonen, P. E. (2020) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-020-01052-z · Cited by 8
Στεφανάτου, Α., Kouris, N. T., & Lekakis, J. P. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Gender Differences in Type D Personality and Mental Health among Korean College Entrants
Cho, S., & Jeon, G. (2018) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.3.133 · Cited by 6
Aluja, A., Malas, O., Lucas, I., Worner, F., & Claret, R. B. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.011 · Cited by 4
Kołodziej, K., Kurowska, A., & Majda, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042301 · Cited by 6
“Research shows that this pattern of behavior is a predictor of ischemic heart disease [14].”
BackgroundAssociation of Type D personality and mild cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension
Ye, Q., Liu, L., Wang, Y., Li, L., Wang, Z., Liu, G., Lin, P., & Li, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974430 · Cited by 5
“Both dimensions of Type D show substantial relationships to main dimensions of five-factor model, with NA significantly associated to neuroticism and SI to introversion (Kupper and Denollet, 2007).”
BackgroundKim, S. R., Nho, J., & Kim, H. Y. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22357 · Cited by 5
Physical self-efficacy, anxiety and depression following a 6-week cardiac rehabilitation programme
Barker, A., Tsakirides, C., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2009) · British Journal of Cardiac Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjca.2009.4.5.42089 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Kupper, N., & Denollet, J.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality Assessment
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-11-14
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 265-276
- ISSN
- 0022-3891 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7752
- OpenAlex
- W2080907111
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Personality Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- University of Memphis
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- Type D personality, cardiovascular disease, prognostic factors, negative affectivity, social inhibition, personality assessment, mediating mechanisms, psychosocial interventions, heart disease mortality
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Disease, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Hypertension, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Negativism, Personality, Personality Assessment, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results
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