Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on distressed (type D) personality traits: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Distressed ('Type D') personality, the combination of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), has been associated with adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine if an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program could reduce Type D personality characteristics. Distressed individuals from the Dutch general population (N = 146; mean age = 46.07; 69 % female) participated in a randomized trial comparing the mindfulness intervention with waitlist control. Although change in Type D caseness did not differ between groups, the intervention group showed stronger reductions for both NA (p < .001) and SI (p < .05) dimensions, even when change in state negative affect was statistically controlled. These effects were mediated by change in self-reported mindfulness. In conclusion, MBSR may reduce characteristics of the distressed personality type, likely through the mechanism of increased mindfulness.
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Intentional mindfulness meditation can induce subjects into temporary states of mindfulness and bring to modifications in personality traits following a longer period of regular practice.
“Intentional mindfulness meditation, instead, can induce subjects into temporary states of mindfulness and bring to modifications in personality traits following a longer period of regular practice (Shapiro et al., 2011; Nyklíček et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2015, 2017).”
From Does the practice of mindfulness reduce somatic symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety? A community-based survey (2022) · cites this paper as Nyklíček et al., 2013
The Results (Treatment effects; page unavailable) report increased mindfulness scores after the eight-week intervention, and the Discussion says changes in mindfulness may affect psychological trait characteristics. The paper supports the longer-term trait-change portion, but does not establish that meditation induces temporary states of mindfulness; its reference to “state negative affect” concerns mood, not a temporary mindfulness state. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“7 years, range [30–91] years).”
MethodGender Differences in Type D Personality and Mental Health among Korean College Entrants
Cho, S., & Jeon, G. (2018) · Korean Journal of Stress Research · doi:10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.3.133 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“수준과 스트레스 수준이 높으며, Type D 요인 중 사회적 억 제 경향성 때문에 효율적으로 도움을 추구하지 못하므로 (Nyklíček et al., 2013) 결과적으로 스트레스 수준이 높게 나타난 것으로 추측할 수 있다.”
Type D Personality Independently Predicts Erectile Dysfunction in Taiwanese Young Men
Fan, Y., Liou, Y., & Cheng, W.-M. (2022) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.06.012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, S. R., Nho, J., & Kim, H. Y. (2020) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22357 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
von Känel, R., Lodder, P., Holzgang, S. A., Princip, M., Giannopoulos, A. A., Buechel, R. R., Sivakumar, S., Zuccarella‐Hackl, C., & Pazhenkottil, A. P. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.125.041273 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Psychophysiological Examination of the Mutability of Type D Personality in a Therapeutic Trial
Hodgson, K. L., Clayton, D., Carmi, M. A., Carmi, L. H., Ruden, R. A., Fraser, W. D., & Cameron, D. (2020) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000266 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ogińska-Bulik, N. J., & Michalska, P. (2019) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2019.92485 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“na treningu uważności, przynoszą oczekiwane rezultaty w postaci zmniejszenia nasilenia negatywnej emocjonalności i hamowania społecznego [49].”
BackgroundMicheli, N., Porcelli, P., Barrault-Couchouron, M., & Dantzer, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996559 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Intentional mindfulness meditation, instead, can induce subjects into temporary states of mindfulness and bring to modifications in personality traits following a longer period of regular practice (Shapiro et al., 2011; Nyklíček et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2015, 2017).”
BackgroundPersonality Factors in Cardiovascular Disease: The Big Five and Type D Personality
Versteeg, H., Schiffer, A. A., & Pedersen, S. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chrzan‐Rodak, A., Nowicki, G., Schneider-Matyka, D., Grochans, E., & Ślusarska, B. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010201 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sumin, A. N., & Shcheglova, A. V. (2023) · Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) · doi:10.18705/1607-419x-2024-2305 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cattaneo, G., Cegarra, B., Ribas, A., Sánchez, J. S., & Saurí, J. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70070 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The key role of cognitive fusion linking mindfulness and personality: a cross-sectional study
Heppt, D., Bergmann, N., Conell, I., Hahne, I. M., Hahn, E. W., Ta, T. M. T., & Böge, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18324-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Nonetheless, multiple studies have demonstrated that a modifiable construct like mindfulness displays significant associations with personality traits 16,24,25 , suggesting that mindfulness meditation could promote lasting improvements in mental wellbeing.”
Chen, Y., Xie, M., Xia, R., Xiao, J., Zhang, J., Wang, R., & Weng, X. (2025) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2025.11.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Sumin, A. N., Raĭkh, O. I., Владимировна, И. Е., & Artamonova, G. V. (2015) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed201518658-65
Perspectives on percutaneous coronary intervention : More than just coronary arteries?
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Personality traits and disability in multiple sclerosis: The role of type D personality
Mirmosayyeb, O., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadi, A., Panah, M. Y., Vaheb, S., Shaygannejad, A., Balconi, J., & Shaygannejad, V. (2026) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107166
The role of Type D personality in predicting moral disengagement among university students
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(2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nyklíček, I., van Beugen, S., & Denollet, J.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Nyklíček, Ivan
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine
- Published
- 2012-05-15
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 361-370
- ISSN
- 0160-7715 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3521
- PMC
- PMC3710571
- OpenAlex
- W2136548944
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based stress reduction, Type D personality, negative affectivity, social inhibition, mindfulness, mediation, psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Awareness, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Meditation, Self Report
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