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Supporting Learners' Agentic Engagement With Feedback: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes
Open accessAbstract
Much has been written in the educational psychology literature about effective feedback and how to deliver it. However, it is equally important to understand how learners actively receive, engage with, and implement feedback. This article reports a systematic review of the research evidence pertaining to this issue. Through an analysis of 195 outputs published between 1985 and early 2014, we identified various factors that have been proposed to influence the likelihood of feedback being used. Furthermore, we identified diverse interventions with the common aim of supporting and promoting learners' agentic engagement with feedback processes. We outline the various components used in these interventions, and the reports of their successes and limitations. Moreover we propose a novel taxonomy of four recipience processes targeted by these interventions. This review and taxonomy provide a theoretical basis for conceptualizing learners' responsibility within feedback dialogues and for guiding the strategic design and evaluation of interventions.
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“This supports contemporary feedback scholarship, which views feedback as an active process of learner sense-making and action rather than the passive transmission of information [2, 4, 20, 27, 67].”
From Making AI-Generated Feedback Matter: A Large-Scale Study of Feedback Workflows and Student Enactment (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The feedback component, in particular, requires careful consideration in its design and delivery, as its effectiveness depends not only on the content and timing but also on students' receptivity and ability to implement suggested improvements [8][9][10].”
From Formative assessment and feedback in medical education: A practical guide: AMEE Guide No. 189 (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the phase of receiving feedback appears to be more complex (e.g., Lipnevich & Smith, 2022;Winstone et al., 2017)”
From Enhancing the Peer-Feedback Process Through Instructional Support: A Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Winstone et al., 2017
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What’s so new about the ‘new paradigm’ of feedback?
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“…on influential recent research to identify a few key features of this contemporary perspective (Carless and Boud 2018; Winstone and Carless 2019; Winstone et al. 2017): the emotional impact of feedback, the need for students to make sense of feedback, students’ application of feedback, the need…”
Human-AI feedback in clinical interview training: evidence and lessons in physiotherapy education
Villagrán, I., Hilliger, I., Rammsy, F., Fuentes‐Cimma, J., Miranda, C., Paz-Martin, S., Varas, J., & Neyem, A. (2026) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2026.2644511 · Cited by 3
Mohamed, R. A. A. (2026) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2026.2649549 · Cited by 3
“…as dialogic and developmental: it becomes effective when learners interpret and use it to revise, rather than merely receiving correct forms (Boud & Molloy, 2013; Carless & Boud, 2018; Hattie & Timperley, 2007; Nicol, 2010; Nicol & Macfarlane-Dick, 2006; Shute, 2008; Winstone et al., 2017).”
Huang, C.-Q., Lu, L.-N., Huang, Q., Zhang, Y., He, T., Tu, Y., & Hwang, G. (2026) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-026-10166-z · Cited by 5
Ng, D. T. K., & Cheung, K. C. (2026) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2026.2668683 · Cited by 4
Democratizing Educational Intelligence Using Google Apps Script and AI
Channapattan, P. M., Yemul, R. M., Vyavahare, S. S., Manglaram, V. V., & Yemul, A. S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8217-3.ch010 · Cited by 3
Mitchell, V., Borgstrom, E., Murphy, S., Campbell, C., Sieminski, S., & Fraser, S. (2023) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2023.2199953 · Cited by 3
“There is a recognition here that students need to both actively engage with the feedback provided and take shared responsibility for it to be effective (Winstone et al. 2017).”
Deehan, J., Parker, P., & MacDonald, A. (2023) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2023.2292059 · Cited by 3
“…2013; Carless & Boud, 2018; Henderson et al., 2016; Nicol, 2010; West & Turner, 2016); and, agency, or the degree to which learners are able to make purposeful decisions in the feedback process (Boud & Molloy, 2013; Nicol & Macfarlane ‐ Dick, 2006; Nieminen et al., 2022; Winstone et al., 2017).”
Silén, C., Kilström, D., & Karlgren, K. (2024) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2024.2369604 · Cited by 6
“Acknowledgement of this feed-back by both students and supervisors is important to support feedback literacy and development of self-directed learning (Carless and Boud 2018; Carless and Winstone 2023; Silén and Uhlin 2008; Winstone et al. 2017).”
InfluentialTorre, S., Severino, A. U., & Ligorio, M. B. (2024) · Technology Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-024-09778-7 · Cited by 12
Ravand, H., Effatpanah, F., Kunina‐Habenicht, O., & Madison, M. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1521808 · Cited by 3
A Narrative Review of How Students Perceive a Good Teacher
Tang, K. H. D. (2025) · Acta Pedagogia Asiana · doi:10.53623/apga.v4i2.593 · Cited by 3
“Research across various educational levels—primary [9], secondary [10], and higher education [11, 12]—indicates that the manner in which teachers provide feedback has a minimal effect on how students interpret it.”
Peltzer, K., Lorca, A. L., Krause, U.-M., Graham, S., Panadero, E., & Busse, V. (2025) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-025-10652-w · Cited by 6
Grønli, K. M., Walgermo, B. R., Uppstad, P. H., & McTigue, E. M. (2025) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2025.102377 · Cited by 6
Steinbach, M., Fleckenstein, J., Kuklick, L., & Meyer, J. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70070 · Cited by 4
Unpacking Student Responses to Discrepant Peer and Teacher Feedback: A Cross-National Comparison
Lopera-Oquendo, C., Lipnevich, A. A., Tomazin, L., Máñez, I., León, S. P., & Beatson, N. J. (2025) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2025.102394 · Cited by 3
Making student voice heard in dialogic feedback: feedback design matters
To, J., Aluquin, D., & Tan, K. H. K. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1550328 · Cited by 3
Architecture students’ uptake and use of formative and summative feedback
Smith, C. (2021) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2021.1892028 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Winstone, N. E., Nash, R. A., Parker, M., & Rowntree, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Aston University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Winstone, Naomi E.
- Venue
- Educational Psychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-09-08
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-37
- ISSN
- 0046-1520 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6985
- OpenAlex
- W2417988078
- Cited by
- 884
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 186 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Educational Psychologist (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Keywords
- feedback, student engagement, feedback use, feedback interventions, student responsibility, feedback dialogue, metacognition
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