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Toward an Integrated Framework of Multiple Text Use
Abstract
We introduce the Integrated Framework of Multiple Texts to understand how students use and form connections between multiple texts to accomplish personal or task goals. The Integrated Framework of Multiple Texts conceptualizes students’ multiple text use as unfolding over the course of three stages—preparation, execution, and production. In the preparation stage of the framework, individual difference factors and students’ task analysis result in learners’ adoption of a default stance, or a general orientation, toward multiple text use. During the execution stage of the framework, students engage in a variety of behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive/regulatory strategies to develop cross-textual links and to integrate information across multiple texts. The execution stage concludes with students’ development of a variety of affective and cognitive outcomes as a consequence of text access. Finally, in the production stage of the framework, students draw on these affective and cognitive outcomes to develop external, often written products.
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“List and Alexander (2019) argued that students might demonstrate four levels of integration, or integrative reasoning, when forming connections across texts, i.e. level 1, relational identification; level 2, separate representation; level 3, simultaneous relation; level 4, relational elaboration.”
From Teaching argumentative synthesis writing through deliberative dialogues: instructional practices in secondary education (2021) · cites this paper as List and Alexander (2019)
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“…area reading (Hwang et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2021), reading development (Alexander, 2005, 2020a), multiple source use (Bråten & Strømsø, 2004; List & Alexander, 2019), refutational texts and knowledge revision (Kendeou et al., 2014), and the processing of multiple-medium or multimodal texts…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- List, A., & Alexander, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methods, University of Maryland
- Corresponding author
- Alexander, Patricia A.
- Venue
- Educational Psychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-11-05
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-39
- ISSN
- 0046-1520 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6985
- OpenAlex
- W2900296039
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 169
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 23.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- text integration, individual differences, task analysis, metacognitive strategies, regulatory strategy, affective learning outcomes, written expression, reading comprehension
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