The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is Your Product Really Green? A Content Analysis to Reassess Green Advertising
Abstract
This article investigates the changes in green advertising by conceptually replicating and extending Carlson, Grove, and Kangun's 1993 study. A content analysis of 433 unique ads from 18 magazine titles published in 2009 and 2010 demonstrates that advertisers attempted to address growing public concern for the environment and the demand for green products and services as emerge from the analyses of the ads' target, objective, and the executional elements. Contrary to Carlson, Grove, and Kangun's findings, the majority of environmental claims were deemed acceptable, implying a trend toward more trustworthy and reliable green advertising.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although recent evidence suggests that greenwashing practices have generally declined since the end of the 1990s (Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016), greenwashing remains prevalent in advertising (e.g., Baum 2012).”
From Misleading Consumers with Green Advertising? An Affect–Reason–Involvement Account of Greenwashing Effects in Environmental Advertising (2018) · cites this paper as Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016
In the citing paper
“Although the use of nature-evoking imagery is a key characteristic of many ads for purported environmentally friendly products (Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016), few studies have investigated how such imagery contributes to the deception of consumers with misleading claims.”
From Misleading Consumers with Green Advertising? An Affect–Reason–Involvement Account of Greenwashing Effects in Environmental Advertising (2018) · cites this paper as Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016
In the citing paper
“Although the use of nature-evoking imagery is a key characteristic of many ads for purported environmentally friendly products (Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016), few studies have investigated how such imagery contributes to the deception of consumers with misleading claims.”
From Misleading Consumers with Green Advertising? An Affect–Reason–Involvement Account of Greenwashing Effects in Environmental Advertising (2018) · cites this paper as Segev, Fernandes, and Hong 2016
Citations
Cites
Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011) · California Management Review · doi:10.1525/cmr.2011.54.1.64 · Cited by 3,441
Sherry, J. F., & Sternthal, B. (1992) · Cited by 2,915
Reliability of Nominal Data Based on Qualitative Judgments
Perreault, W. D., & Leigh, L. E. (1989) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172601 · Cited by 1,575
Nyilasy, G., Gangadharbatla, H., & Paladino, A. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1944-3 · Cited by 815
Atkinson, L., & Rosenthal, S. (2014) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2013.834803 · Cited by 620
Journal of Applied Business and Economics
(2019) · Journal of Applied Business and Economics · doi:10.33423/jabe · Cited by 619
A Content Analysis of Environmental Advertising Claims: A Matrix Method Approach
Carlson, L., Grove, S. J., & Kangun, N. (1993) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1993.10673409 · Cited by 602 · cited 17×
“Although extensive efforts were made to obtain the same magazine titles used by Carlson, Grove, and Kangun (1993), some were impossible to acquire due to cessation of publication, lack of availability in publishers’ archives, or absence of vendors who sold these back issues.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialShades of Green: A Multidimensional Analysis of Environmental Advertising
Banerjee, S. B., Gulas, C. S., & Iyer, E. S. (1995) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1995.10673473 · Cited by 495
Boston College Environmental Aff airs Law Review
Clement, R. C. (1972) · Cited by 375
Green Advertising and the Reluctant Consumer
Zinkhan, G. M., & Carlson, L. (1995) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.1995.10673471 · Cited by 368
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Bradley Timothy C., 2011, Landslide, 4, 1
- Eiseman Leatrice, 2006, Color: Messages and Mean
- Feinstein Nick, 2013, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 40, 229
- Grillo Nick, 2008, Forest Products Journal, 58, 40
- Pajari Brita, 1998, Potential Markets for Certified Forest Products in Europe
- Pellus Chiara, 2014, Law School Student Scholarship, 619, 2
- Urbach Ronald, 2008, Ad Week
- Wagner Ernesto R., 2002, Forest Products Journal, 52, 17
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–128 of 128
Popular Culture, Nature, Ethics and Environmental Issues
Çupi, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39760-8_9 · Cited by 2
Message Framing in CSR Advertising on Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kwon, K., Lee, J., & Wang, C. (2024) · Journal of Sustainable Marketing · doi:10.51300/jsm-2024-119 · Cited by 1
Exploring Food Waste Message Framing on X: A Social Network Analysis
García-León, R. A. (2026) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/15245004261424902 · Cited by 1
Flores-Zamora, J., & Pelsmacker, P. D. (2026) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2026.2670862 · Cited by 1
O’Dwyer, E., Weeks, J., Rimm, E. B., Cody, K., Aveling, E., Tan, T. M., & Kenney, E. L. (2026) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103130 · Cited by 1
A meta-analysis of green marketing communication effectiveness
Barari, M. M., Kulczynski, A., & Eisend, M. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-026-01189-7 · Cited by 1
Cognitive Operations in Eco-friendly Car Advertising
Ríos, M. E. C. D. L., & Alousque, I. N. (2022) · International Journal of English Studies · doi:10.6018/ijes.469131 · Cited by 1
Ku, Y., Li, S., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202340901013 · Cited by 1
ECEVİT, M. Z. (2018) · Business And Management Studies An International Journal · doi:10.15295/v6i3.296 · Cited by 1
Adoption of Technology-Based Product by Consumers: A Review
Satapathy, S. K., Sangle, S., & Unnikrishnan, S. (2016) · Environmental Management and Sustainable Development · doi:10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9329
Green Advertising and Millennials
Davidson, S. (2016) · Bryant Digital Repository (Bryant University)
Using Green Messages to Cue Recycling Tendencies
Quichocho, D. (2017) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Seungkeun, K., JaePhil, S., & Moon, J. (2017) · Journal of Product Research · doi:10.36345/kacst.2017.35.1.002
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der kommerziellen Werbung
Sommer, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-36179-2_31
El-Sheikh, M. Z. A.-R. (2023) · بحوث فى تدريس اللغات · doi:10.21608/ssl.2022.120276.1125
อทธพลของความเหมอนกนของผบรโภคกบตราสนคา และเนอหาโฆษณาบนอนสตาแกรมรลสตอพฤตกรรมผบรโภค
จิตรเกาะ, อ., & บุญชุติมา, ส. (2022) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2022.634
จันทร์นวล, ป., & องค์ครุฑรักษา, ว. (2019) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2020.1364
Wang, Q., & Lee, J. W. (2024) · Journal of Digital Art Engineering and Multimedia · doi:10.29056/jdaem.2024.03.02
The Evolution of Greenwashing and Detection Mechanisms
Claro, J. A. C. D. S. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3326-6.ch014
Ndlovu, S., & Ellis, D. (2025) · Palgrave studies of marketing in emerging economies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83464-6_7
Bakhtiar, A., & Sinaga, E. P. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review · doi:10.52267/ijaser.2025.6302
The Role of Greenwashing Suspicion in Advertising Effectiveness
Waldeier, A.-E., Weinacht, S., & Morasch, C. (2025) · CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89486-2_8
Krstić, J., Vasić, N., & Vlastelica, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-08090-5_6
Çevreci Reklamların Söylemsel Yönelimine Dayalı Tematik Sınıflandırması
Yaltırak, K. S., & ÇAKIR, H. Ö. Ö. (2026) · ANASAY · doi:10.33404/anasay.1822109
Pittman, M., Milfeld, T., & Haley, E. (2026) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1080/00218499.2025.2582341
Gao, J., Luo, C., & Li, Z. (2026) · Journal of Applied Business & Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.63522/jabbs.201014
Li, J., Geng, L., & Chang, Y. (2026) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2026.104388
Tarek, A., & Ibrahim, S. (2026) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.70950
Metadata
- Authors
- Segev, S., Fernandes, J., & Hong, C.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Segev, Sigal
- Venue
- Journal of Advertising
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-10-16
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 85-93
- ISSN
- 0091-3367 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7805
- OpenAlex
- W2282472114
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Advertising (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
- Keywords
- green advertising, environmental claims, greenwashing, environmental concern, advertising effectiveness, magazine advertising, green products
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
