Characterization and neuroprotective properties of alkaloid extract of Vernonia amygdalina Delile in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
This study emphasized on the neuroprotective properties of bitter leaf alkaloid-rich extract (BLAE) using transgenic fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster [D. melanogaster]) model and scopolamine-induced amnesia rats. In vitro antioxidant properties and modulatory effects on key neuronal enzymes were carried out. Thereafter, fruit flies expressing human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and BACE-1 genes were treated with BLAE for 7 d to determine survival rate, BACE-1, acetylthiocholine (AChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase activities. Also, the aftermath of the BLAE on the neuronal activities of AChE, butyrylcholine (BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), ATP diphosphohydrolase (ATPdase), and ADPdase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), plus TBARS, and nitric oxide (NO) content in rats treated with scopolamine (1 mg/kg. bwt. i.p.) was evaluated. In addition, the alkaloid characterization for constituent BLAE was determined. The outcomes proved that BLAE displayed antioxidant properties and inhibit activities of AChE, BChE, MAO, ACE, ATPdase, and ADPdase in vitro. Furthermore, transgenic flies treated with the BLAE exhibited significant levels of amelioration on survival rate and activities of BACE-1, AChE, GST, and catalase. In scopolamine-treated rats, AChE, BChE, MAO and NTPdases activities, and antioxidant status were upturned in rats pretreated with BLAE. This study disclosed the neuroprotective property of BLAE, which could be related to its alkaloid constituent, thereby making it a good candidate to explore as curative nutraceutical agent for cognitive impairments and affiliated diseases such as AD.
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Vernonia amygdalina alkaloid-rich extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced AChE and BChE activity elevated by scopolamine.
“administration of Vernonia amygdalina alkaloid-rich extract (BLAE) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg showed a protective effect by reducing AChE and BChE activity, which were elevated by scopolamine [29].”
From Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants and Their Potential in Alzheimer’s Treatment: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Oboh, G., Adedayo, B. C., Adetola, M. B., Oyeleye, I. S., & Ogunsuyi, O. B.
- Affiliations
- Federal University of Technology (NG)
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit of Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Corresponding author
- Oboh, Ganiyu
- Venue
- Drug and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-06-16
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 731-740
- ISSN
- 0148-0545 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6014
- OpenAlex
- W3034886481
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Vernonia amygdalina, Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, scopolamine-induced amnesia, Drosophila melanogaster, amyloid precursor protein, BACE1, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, neurotoxicity, nutraceuticals, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Alkaloids, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Antioxidants, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Drosophila melanogaster, Models, Theoretical, Plant Extracts, Neuroprotective Agents, Vernonia, Rats
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