Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Prevalence, diagnostic considerations, and controversies
Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has been included as a formal diagnosis of a mood disorder in the appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition in 1994. The ensuing, critical attention has resulted in increased research productivity and clinical recognition of this neglected women's health problem. A decade later, this paper will review the current literature on PMDD focusing on prevalence, biopsychosocial etiological correlates, history of the development of a formal DSM diagnosis, and the controversies surrounding the current classification of PMDD. The authors conclude that PMDD presents a distinct diagnostic entity and that recognition through formal diagnostic criteria serves the important minority of women who suffer from this cyclical mood disorder distinct from premenstrual symptoms and major depression.
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PMDD is a mood disorder affecting 3%-8% of North American women.
“PMDD is a mood disorder affecting 3%–8% of North American women [91].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [91]
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- Authors
- Di Giulio, G., & Reissing, E. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reissing, E. D.
- ORCID
- Reissing, E. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 201-210
- ISSN
- 0167-482X (ISSN-L)
- 1743-8942
- OpenAlex
- W2097408181
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, DSM-IV, premenstrual symptoms, major depressive disorder, women's mental health, menstrual cycle
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Premenstrual Syndrome, Prevalence
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