Altered Waveform of Plasma Nocturnal Melatonin Secretion in Premenstrual Depression
Abstract
The nocturnal secretion of plasma melatonin was determined under dim to dark conditions in eight patients with prospectively confirmed premenstrual syndrome and in eight age- and menstrual cycle phase-matched normal control subjects. Plasma samples for melatonin were collected every 30 minutes from 6 PM to 9 AM during the early follicular, late follicular, midluteal and late luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Compared with normal controls, patients with premenstrual syndrome had an earlier (phase-advanced) offset of melatonin secretion, which contributed to a shorter secretion duration and a decreased area under the curve. No statistically significant differences were found between women with premenstrual syndrome and normal controls for melatonin onset or peak concentration, or for estradiol or progesterone levels. The data demonstrate that women with premenstrual syndrome have chronobiological abnormalities of melatonin secretion. The fact that these patients respond to treatments that affect circadian physiology, such as sleep deprivation and phototherapy, suggests that circadian abnormalities may contribute to the pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome.
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Most other studies have found no change in the patterns of melatonin secretion across the menstrual cycle in healthy women.
“Most other studies have found no change in the patterns of melatonin secretion (including onset, offset, duration, midpoint, and AUC) across the menstrual cycle in healthy women [47, 60–62, 65, 67].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
In PMDD patients compared to controls, melatonin secretion shows decreased amplitude.
“Some evidence supporting this notion, such as decreases in amplitude, AUC, and mean levels, a phase-advance, and a shorter duration of melatonin secretion in PMDD patients compared to controls were reported [62, 65].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
PMDD patients experience alterations in the timing and amount of nocturnal melatonin secretion.
“Interestingly, PMDD patients experience alterations in the timing and amount of nocturnal melatonin secretion (see Section 8.2 below [62, 65]), though it is unclear whether this is a cause or a characteristic of the disorder.”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
In PMDD patients compared to controls, melatonin secretion shows decreased AUC.
“Some evidence supporting this notion, such as decreases in amplitude, AUC, and mean levels, a phase-advance, and a shorter duration of melatonin secretion in PMDD patients compared to controls were reported [62, 65].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
In PMDD patients compared to controls, melatonin secretion shows a shorter duration.
“Some evidence supporting this notion, such as decreases in amplitude, AUC, and mean levels, a phase-advance, and a shorter duration of melatonin secretion in PMDD patients compared to controls were reported [62, 65].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
In PMDD patients compared to controls, melatonin secretion shows decreased mean levels.
“Some evidence supporting this notion, such as decreases in amplitude, AUC, and mean levels, a phase-advance, and a shorter duration of melatonin secretion in PMDD patients compared to controls were reported [62, 65].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
In PMDD patients compared to controls, melatonin secretion shows a phase-advance.
“Some evidence supporting this notion, such as decreases in amplitude, AUC, and mean levels, a phase-advance, and a shorter duration of melatonin secretion in PMDD patients compared to controls were reported [62, 65].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [62]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Parry, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parry, Barbara L.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1990-12-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1139
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161977875
- Semantic Scholar
- b233175c69292d0e4efeb33d8ef4729fd4c4d3ec
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29mh042831-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH42831, MH30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- premenstrual depression, premenstrual syndrome, melatonin secretion, nocturnal melatonin, circadian rhythm, chronobiology, menstrual cycle phases, estradiol, progesterone, phototherapy, sleep deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Melatonin, Menstrual Cycle, Personality Inventory, Phototherapy, Premenstrual Syndrome, Progesterone, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sleep Deprivation
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