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A preliminary profile of neuropsychological deficits associated with major depression
Abstract
A profile of neuropsychological deficits of clinically depressed (major depression) but otherwise unimpaired individuals is presented, based on a meta-analysis of all studies published since 1975 and meeting stringent methodological and sample selection criteria. Deficits are discussed separately for different cognitive areas in terms of mean size of deficit, variability between studies, variability of individual scores in depressed populations relative to that of controls, and expected proportion of depressed individuals scoring two standard deviations or more below the mean of controls. The neuropsychological deficits of individuals with major depression are shown to be consistent with a global-diffuse impairment of brain functions with particular involvement of the frontal lobes. Recent neuro-imaging studies also indicating frontal dysfunction in clinical (functional) depression are referred to. Both the severity and the profile of cognitive deficiencies in depression are postulated to be similar to those seen in moderately severe traumatic brain injury.
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“The impairments most commonly associated with MDD are in the domains of executive function, selective attention, and verbal learning [1, 3].”
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“Cognitive deficits are commonly reported by patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) [1, 2]”
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Sorted by citations
Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002535 · Cited by 2,161
“Consistent with this, several systematic reviews have demonstrated cognitive deficits in patients suffering from depression (Burt et al. 1995; Veiel, 1997; Zakzanis et al. 1998; Stefanopoulou et al. 2009; Snyder 2013), including first-episode patients (Lee et al.”
ResultSnyder, H. R. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028727 · Cited by 1,667
“Another found reliable deficits on verbal fluency (phonemic verbal fluency, d 0.55, k 3) and “mental flexibility and control” (Trail Making Test Part B and Stroop, d 1.31, k 3), but not working memory (digit span and spatial span, d 0.18, k 3; Veiel, 1997).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Veiel, H. O. F.
- Corresponding author
- Veiel, Hans O.F.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 587-603
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2071401336
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, neuropsychological deficits, cognitive impairment, frontal lobe dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Injuries, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Speech, Verbal Learning, Neurobehavioral Manifestations
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