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Cited by 199Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesTreatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for the involvement of the frontal lobes in depression.

Goodwin, Guy M.·1997·Journal of Psychopharmacology
DOI 10.1177/026988119701100204
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Abstract

The onset and reversibility of major depression is likely to be explained by diffuse neuromodulatory mechanisms rather than permanent abnormalities of connectivity and neurotransmission. However, the expression of mood state appears to involve fronto-striatal mechanisms. Lesions of the ventral frontal cortex give rise to profound modification of affect and behaviour not explained by effects on current intellectual function. These may represent the most extreme possible disturbances of emotional experience. Neuropsychological testing in major depression shows evidence of slowing in motor and cognitive domains with additional prominent effects on mnemonic function most marked in the elderly. Structural imaging with X-ray computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in older patients with major depression shows evidence of structural abnormality compared with controls. These findings are not highly localizing but they tend to confirm the role of cognitive impairment as an important age-related risk factor for major depression. Perfusion or metabolic imaging reflects both reversible changes in function and permanent loss of active neurones. The usual finding has been reductions in anterior brain structures in major depression. Hypoperfusion tends to be greatest in frontal, temporal and parietal areas and most extensive in older (male) patients; high Hamilton scores tend to be associated with reduced uptake. There have also been correlations in the cingulate cortex between increased perfusion and other aspects of the mental state. In general, reductions in frontal areas may be more likely in patients with impoverished mental states. The more prominent impairments of memory are likely to be associated with the finding of impaired temporal function or with a more diffuse failure of neuromodulation.

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  • The impairment relative to controls grows with the difficulty of the problem; and depressed subjects also spend increasing amounts of time thinking about the harder problems, without showing improved choices.

    “The impairment relative to controls grows with the difficulty of the problem; and depressed subjects also spend increasing amounts of time thinking about the harder problems, without showing improved choices [50].”

    From Bonsai trees in your head: how the pavlovian system sculpts goal-directed choices by pruning decision trees (2012) · cites this paper as [50]

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Authors
Goodwin, G. M.
Affiliations
Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Goodwin, Guy M.
ORCID
Goodwin, Guy M.
Venue
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1997-03
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
115-122
ISSN
  • 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
  • 1461-7285
DOI
10.1177/026988119701100204
OpenAlex
W2141880924
Cited by
199
References
72
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
major depressive disorder, frontal lobe, frontostriatal circuits, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, older adults, cerebral hypoperfusion, cingulate cortex, neuromodulation, structural brain abnormalities, neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging
MeSH terms
Affect, Brain Mapping, Dementia, Depressive Disorder, Energy Metabolism, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Regional Blood Flow, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Prefrontal Cortex

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