Outcome following traumatic brain injury: a comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury
Abstract
This study examined long-term outcome in traumatically brain-injured individuals following discharge from a comprehensive rehabilitation programme. Of 254 traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients reviewed at 2 years, 103 have been followed up at 5 years using a structured interview format detailing neurological symptoms, mobility, independence in ADL, productivity status, relationship issues, communication and the presence of cognitive, behavioural and emotional changes. Visual difficulties, headache and fatigue were persistent in a significant number of patients. Between 2 and 5 years there was increased independence in personal, domestic and community ADL and the use of transport. Ten more patients had returned to driving. On the other hand there was a slightly higher incidence of cognitive, behavioural and emotional changes reported at 5 years. Thirty-two per cent of those working at 2 years were not employed at 5 years. Many students had also become unemployed. These findings suggest the need for intermittent lifelong intervention following TBI. Systems of rehabilitation need to be adapted to provide this.
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PTHP is correlated with neuropsychiatric complications.
“and neuropsychiatric complications (31).”
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Belmont, A., Agar, N. Y. R., Hugeron, C., Gallais, B., & Azouvi, P. (2006) · Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique · doi:10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.04.018 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Experience of Fatigue in the First 2 Years After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Bushnik, T. L., Englander, J., & Wright, J. (2008) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.htr.0000308717.80590.22 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Stability of employment after brain injury: a 7-year follow-up study
Pössl, J., Jürgensmeyer, S., Karlbauer, F., Wenz, C., & Goldenberg, G. (2001) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050150209093 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Decoding Hippocampal Signaling Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
Atkins, C. M. (2011) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0123-z · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- OLVER, J. H., PONSFORD, J. L., & CURRAN, C. A.
- Venue
- Brain Injury
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 841-848
- ISSN
- 0269-9052 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-301X
- OpenAlex
- W2159682487
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Injury (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, long-term outcomes, rehabilitation, activities of daily living, return to work, employment, driving, cognitive impairment, vision problems, headache, fatigue, follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Injuries, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurologic Examination, Rehabilitation, Vocational, Social Adjustment, Treatment Outcome
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