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Cited by 332Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesLong-Term Effects of COVID-19

Epidemiology and predictors of post-concussive syndrome after minor head injury in an emergency population

BAZARIAN, JEFFREY J., WONG, TONY, HARRIS, MICHAEL, LEAHEY, NEIL, MOOKERJEE, SOHUG, DOMBOVY, MARY·1999·Brain Injury
DOI 10.1080/026990599121692
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinical variables or neurobehavioural test (NBT) scores obtained in the ED within 24 hours of minor head injury (MHI) predict the development of postconcussive syndrome (PCS). METHODS: Prospective, observational study of 71 MHI patients and 60 orthopaedic controls. MHI defined as loss of consciousness < 10 minutes or amnesia, GCS 15, no skull fracture or new neurologic focality on PE, and no brain injury on CT (if done). All patients received a seven part NBT battery in the ED. Telephone follow-up was done at 1, 3 and 6 months to determine if patients met the DSM IV definition of PCS. ANALYSIS: Stepwise, multivariate, logistic regression. RESULTS: Predictors of PCS at 1 month were female gender (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = 41.6, 1.98), presence of both retrograde and anterograde amnesia (OR = 0.055; CI = 0.002, 0.47), Digit Span Forward Scores (OR = 0.748; CI = 0.52, 1.03) and Hopkins Verbal Learning A scores (OR = 0.786; CI = 0.65, 0.91); at 3 months, presence of both retrograde and anterograde amnesia (OR = 0.13; CI = 0.0, 0.93), Digit Span Forward Scores (OR = 0.744; CI = 0.58, 0.94). No variables fit the model at 6 months. 92% of males scoring > 25 on Hopkins Verbal Learning A did not have PCS at 1 month, and 89% of females scoring < 9 on Digit Span Forward did have PCS at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Gender and two NBTs can help predict PCS after MHI.

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  • Most human studies of mild TBI report that women experience a greater number, severity, and/or duration of post-concussive symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, irritability, aggressiveness, anxiousness, depression, work or relationship troubles, or short-term memory impairment.

    “Most human studies of mild TBI report that women experience a greater number, severity, and/or duration of post-concussive symptoms, such as headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, irritability, aggressiveness, anxiousness, depression, work or relationship troubles, or short-term memory impairment. 52”

    From Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know (2019) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors
BAZARIAN, J. J., WONG, T., HARRIS, M., LEAHEY, N., MOOKERJEE, S., & DOMBOVY, M.
Affiliations
University of Rochester Medicine (US)
ORCID
BAZARIAN, JEFFREY J.
Venue
Brain Injury
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1999-01
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
173-189
ISSN
  • 0269-9052 (ISSN-L)
  • 1362-301X
DOI
10.1080/026990599121692
OpenAlex
W2068260202
Cited by
332
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
FWCI
3.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Injury (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Keywords
post-concussion syndrome, mild traumatic brain injury, concussion, amnesia, digit span, verbal learning, gender differences, prognostic factors, emergency department
MeSH terms
Adult, Amnesia, Retrograde, Brain Concussion, Cognition Disorders, Emergencies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Syndrome, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score

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