Cited by 793Face Recognition and PerceptionEmotion and Mood RecognitionFace and Expression Recognition

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The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A validation study

Goeleven, Ellen, De Raedt, Rudi, Leyman, Lemke, Verschuere, Bruno·2008·Cognition & Emotion

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Abstract

Although affective facial pictures are widely used in emotion research, standardised affective stimuli sets are rather scarce, and the existing sets have several limitations. We therefore conducted a validation study of 490 pictures of human facial expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (KDEF). Pictures were evaluated on emotional content and were rated on an intensity and arousal scale. Results indicate that the database contains a valid set of affective facial pictures. Hit rates, intensity, and arousal of the 20 best KDEF pictures for each basic emotion are provided in an appendix.

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Authors: Goeleven, E., De Raedt, R., Leyman, L., & Verschuere, B.
Affiliations: Ghent University (BE)
Venue: Cognition & Emotion
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2008-09
Volume: 22
Issue: 6
Pages: 1094-1118
ISSN: 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
1464-0600
DOI: 10.1080/02699930701626582
OpenAlex: W2042333532
Cited by: 793
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 10.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
Keywords: KDEF, emotion recognition, stimulus validation, emotional intensity, arousal ratings, basic emotions

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The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A validation study

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