The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A validation study
Abstract
Although affective facial pictures are widely used in emotion research, standardised affective stimuli sets are rather scarce, and the existing sets have several limitations. We therefore conducted a validation study of 490 pictures of human facial expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (KDEF). Pictures were evaluated on emotional content and were rated on an intensity and arousal scale. Results indicate that the database contains a valid set of affective facial pictures. Hit rates, intensity, and arousal of the 20 best KDEF pictures for each basic emotion are provided in an appendix.
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“This validated stimulus set [47] has been used in numerous social cognitive reaction time studies [48], [5], [49]”
From A direct examination of the effect of intranasal administration of oxytocin on approach-avoidance motor responses to emotional stimuli (2013) · cites this paper as [47]
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Lucey, P., Cohn, J. F., Kanade, T., Saragih, J., Ambadar, Z., & Matthews, I. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Workshops · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2010.5543262 · Cited by 4,303
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goeleven, E., De Raedt, R., Leyman, L., & Verschuere, B.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Cognition & Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1094-1118
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2042333532
- Cited by
- 793
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
- Keywords
- KDEF, emotion recognition, stimulus validation, emotional intensity, arousal ratings, basic emotions
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