Might microdosing psychedelics be safe and beneficial? An initial exploration
Abstract
Albert Hoffman suggested that low doses of LSD might be an appropriate alternative to Ritalin. Following this possibility, a systematic exploration of the effects of "microdoses," comprising hundreds of lengthy descriptive reports, was undertaken. Based on these reports, using a psychedelic in the microdose range (10 micrograms) every three days was determined to be safe across a wide variety of individuals and conditions. Over 18 months, more than a thousand individuals from 59 countries did a daily evaluation of negative and positive emotional state using the PANAS checklist plus written reports for between one week and four months. Participant reports suggested that spaced but repeated microdoses were followed by improvements in negative moods, especially depression, and increases in positive moods. Increased energy, improved work effectiveness, and improved health habits were observed in clinical and non-clinical populations. Smaller samples described alleviation of symptoms in migraine headaches, pre-menstrual syndromes, traumatic brain injury, shingles, and other conditions not previously associated with psychedelic use.
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Some adults diagnosed with ADHD report using low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelic substances repeatedly (microdosing) to self-treat their symptoms and improve daily life functioning.
“Survey research has shown that some adults diagnosed with ADHD report using low, sub-hallucinogenic doses of psychedelic substances repeatedly, referred to as microdosing (MD), to self-treat their symptoms and as such to improve daily life functioning (4–7).”
From Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
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Kryszajtys, D. T., Bender, J. L., Rush, B. R., & Strıke, C. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01148-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Polito, V., & Liknaitzky, P. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/edhqz · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evidence for tolerance in psychedelic microdosing from the self-blinding microdose trialPreprint
Baumann, S., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J., Erritzøe, D., & Szigeti, B. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/s4qhf · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exploring the effects of microdosing on health behaviour change
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Do undergraduates’ views of psychedelics relate to the context for psychedelic use?
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- Authors
- Fadiman, J., & Korb, S.
- Affiliations
- Sofia University (US)
- College Street Women's Centre for Health Education & Counselling, Toronto Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Fadiman, James
- Venue
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-03-15
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 118-122
- ISSN
- 0279-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-9777
- OpenAlex
- W2926011243
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 16.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- microdosing, psychedelics, LSD, safety, mood, depression, positive emotions, energy, work effectiveness, health habits, migraine, premenstrual syndrome, traumatic brain injury, herpes zoster, anecdotes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Emotions, Hallucinogens, Humans, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Middle Aged, Young Adult
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