The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 35 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews the development and initial trial of a treatment for adolescents that targets negative emotionality and associated psychological difficulties, particularly anxiety and depressive disorders, as a more singular entity by utilizing an approach rooted in both emotion science and theory. The rationale for such an approach is based upon the perceived need for novel treatment approaches that target commonalities in emotional disorder symptom presentation and their intervention. Utilizing the Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders originally developed for adults (Barlow, Allen & Choate, 2004), we conducted a multiple-baseline design study of a slightly modified version of this protocol with three adolescents presenting an array of anxiety and depression symptoms. Adolescent participants in this preliminary investigation evidenced symptom reductions across disorders at post-treatment, with greater improvements noted at a six-month follow-up. Based on these findings and research regarding the association between emotion science and developmental psychopathology, we detail a more extensive set of modifications to the protocol, undertaken in preparation for a subsequent open-trial investigation of the revised treatment.
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30 Own result · 23 Not checked yet · 8 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Parents reported that they personally felt good about being included in treatment.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants reported that they found emotion exposure exercises to be the most helpful part of treatment.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At post-assessment, Participant 3's diagnoses reportedly each dropped one CSR.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His difficulty initiating the job application process was a major factor in assigning the CSR at an improved but still clinically interfering level of a four.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in using the adult protocol with an initial pilot participant, a 12-year-old female with Separation Anxiety Disorder, it became clear that small modifications to treatment language and the incorporation of strategies to facilitate parent understanding of the strategies utilized would be necessary to ensure basic compliance with treatment procedures.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents
boosteddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participant 1's anxiety disorder was deemed to be no longer clinically interfering based on his report and his parents report from the ADIS-C/P.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is consistent with his anxiety ratings on a self-report measure of anxiety and depression, which show a precipitous drop between sessions nine through 13 (a period during which exposure is heavily emphasized).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the GAD diagnosis (originally assigned at a CSR of six) and Social Phobia diagnosis (originally assigned at a CSR of four) were both assigned at the sub-clinical level of two.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Emotional exposures, introduced in the third session, seemed to be a particularly useful component of the protocol for Participant 3.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At her six-month follow-up assessment, her depression was deemed to be in full remission.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“during the final sessions of treatment he declined to follow through on some assigned exposures related to obtaining a new job.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All three adolescents in this multiple-baseline design study evidenced reductions in emotional disorder symptoms at post-treatment, with much greater improvements noted across all participants at six-months following treatment, including the complete remission of depression symptoms in the one participant presenting with such.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A diagnosis of Anxiety Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, CSR was assigned at two at post-assessment and zero (i.e., in full remission) at six-month follow-up.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One month after Participant 2 finished the treatment protocol, he applied for jobs with four different employers.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“he usually demonstrated only a rudimentary understanding of concepts introduced in session despite repeated discussion and repetition to refine his knowledge and skill base.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most felt like the treatment was the appropriate length, although one parent suggested that the treatment be a few sessions longer.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“beginning with the acceptance and tolerance session in the third week of treatment, Participant 3 reported a subjective decrease in her anxiety and depression that lasted through the cognitive reappraisal portion of the treatment.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants and their parents reported favorable impressions of the treatment and indicated that they would recommend the treatment for friends or for friends' children.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These exposures seemed to result in moderate habituation to the emotions they evoked and correlated with a moderate decrease in anxiety given her report on a daily self-report measure of anxiety and depression.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
hedgedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adolescent participants in this preliminary investigation evidenced symptom reductions across disorders at post-treatment, with greater improvements noted at a six-month follow-up.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participant 3 recurrently reported experiencing very high levels of anxiety and depression, often with concurrent moderately severe suicidal ideation.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on his six-month follow-up, Participant 2's CSR was assigned at a two (below the clinical cutoff of four).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participant 1 verbally reported a modest decrease in anxiety.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“He indicated that he found emotional exposures to be the most helpful part of treatment.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Though Participant 2 successfully participated in a number of exposures during the second half of treatment (e.g. volunteering to ask questions in class, asking a young lady out on a date)”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“he reportedly experienced a decrease in anxiety sensitivity to physiological sensations after practicing the interoceptive exposures during and after the sixth session.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Results
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“several of the generalized emotion exposure triggers originally used during early sessions (an emotionally-evocative music CD and photographs) either failed to evoke relevant emotions in session or served an unclear purpose to adolescents in the pilot study.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Discussion > Recent Modifications and Future Directions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“from an anecdotal perspective, the adolescent who seemed to make the greatest treatment gains was Participant 3, the teen who initially presented with the greatest degree of emotional dysregulation and diagnostic complexity.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Discussion
hedgedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diagnoses made by the clinician following administration of the ADIS-IV-C/P were reviewed by supervisors and a team of doctoral-level clinicians for accuracy.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The commonalities in etiology and latent structure between emotional disorders justify condensing various protocols for anxiety and depression into a single treatment (Barlow, Allen, & Choate, 2004).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Etiology, Latent Structure, and Comorbidity of Emotional Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barlow, Allen, & Choate, 2004
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Adequate training for each of these protocols is scarce and when available may tax clinicians' time, energy, and financial resources (Allen, Ehrenreich, & Barlow, 2005).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Allen, Ehrenreich, & Barlow, 2005
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Brown and Barlow (2002) found evidence that these disorders generally develop sequentially, with anxiety possibly acting as a risk factor for future depressive disorders.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Etiology, Latent Structure, and Comorbidity of Emotional Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brown and Barlow (2002)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“parent(s) and adolescents were offered participation in the current investigation and randomly assigned to one of three designated baseline lengths.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Barlow, Allen, and Choate's (2003)Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders was initially developed for adults to target anxiety and unipolar mood disorder symptoms by providing an intervention associated with three basic treatment components: 1) targeting antecedent cognitive appraisals, 2) reducing and preventing avoidance of dysregulated emotions, and 3) encouraging actions that”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > The Unified Protocol for Adults
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barlow, Allen, and Choate's (2003)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants had between a two and eight week baseline phase before beginning treatment and were reassessed after this waiting period in order to control for major changes that might occur as a function of time.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Rates of children and adolescents with depression who have comorbid anxiety disorders range from 25% to 50% in community samples (Angold, Costello, & Erkanli, 1999) and up to 70% in clinical samples (Birmaher et al., 1996).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Etiology, Latent Structure, and Comorbidity of Emotional Disorders
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Angold, Costello, & Erkanli, 1999
- Not checked yetcites Birmaher et al., 1996
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Specifically, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies may serve to exacerbate unwanted emotions rather than to reduce them, aiding in the development or maintenance of anxiety and mood disorders.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Targeting Improved Emotion Regulation in Intervention Approaches for Youth
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Campbell-Sills & Barlow, 2006
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A developing body of research is beginning to link emotion-related processes to psychological difficulties – developments that clearly hold implications for future intervention and prevention studies in youth (Southam-Gerow & Kendall, 2002).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Southam-Gerow & Kendall, 2002
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The ADIS-IV-C/P is a reliable and valid semi-structured interview designed to facilitate the diagnosis of all DSM-IV anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and externalizing disorders of childhood and adolescence, and also provides screening questions for selected other disorders (e.g., psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and somatization disorders; Silverman, 2001; Albano, Marten, Holt, Heimberg,”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Silverman, 2001
- Not checked yetcites Albano, Marten, Holt, Heimberg, & Barlow, 1995
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants received a post-treatment assessment from an independent evaluator blind to treatment course after 13 sessions of treatment and approximately six months after the 13th session occurred.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > A Unified Protocol for Adolescents > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“In fact, some studies show that most of the Axis I clinical disorders and all of the Axis II personality disorders involve dysregulation of emotion or maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (Gross & Levenson, 1997).”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Targeting Improved Emotion Regulation in Intervention Approaches for Youth
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Gross & Levenson, 1997
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the possibility that this small sample improved as a result of normative maturation and independent of the intervention cannot be completely ruled out at this stage and should be further investigated.”
§ Development of a Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Before this study, no known attempts had been made to create a unified treatment for emotional disorders in children or adolescents.
“However, prior to the current investigation, no known attempts had been made to develop a unified approach for emotional disorders occurring in childhood or adolescence.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Only recently have researchers begun to study emotion understanding and emotion regulation strategies in treating youth emotional disorders.
“However, only recently have researchers examined the application of emotion understanding and emotion regulation strategies in the treatment of emotional disorders in youth.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The ADIS-IV-C/P accurately and reliably diagnoses emotional disorders in adolescents.
“the interviewer conducted the ADIS-IV-C/P first with the adolescent, then the parent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CSR ratings validly measure clinical interference or severity.
“Table 2 summarizes changes in CSR across diagnoses for each of the three adolescent participants.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of the several transdiagnostic techniques available for adolescent ID, 3 appear most salient for addressing factors that also predispose SU among adolescents: emotion acceptance, which targets emotional regulation and distress tolerance and also enhances inhibitory learning during exposure [60,61,64,68]; emotional exposure, a primary driver of positive effects for adolescent anxiety [69]; and”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Transdiagnostic interventions have proven efficacious for adolescents with IDs in multiple baseline, open, and randomized trials [60-63], producing improvements in depression, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation symptoms [60,61,64].”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In emotional acceptance, adolescents develop skills for noticing and accepting their emotions, including unpleasant and strong emotions [60,61,64,68], which help reduce anxiety sensitivity.”
From Family Support Protocol for Adolescent Internalizing Disorders: Protocol for a Pre-Post Quantitative Treatment Development Study (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ehrenreich, J. T., Goldstein, C. R., Wright, L. R., & Barlow, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ehrenreich, Jill T.
- Venue
- Child & Family Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-02-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-37
- ISSN
- 0731-7107 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-228X
- PMC
- PMC2712286
- OpenAlex
- W2060778578
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 14.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Child & Family Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH073946)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- adolescents, negative affectivity, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, psychology of emotion, developmental psychopathology, treatment protocol development, multiple baseline design, symptom relief, follow-up outcomes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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