The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of Chronotype, Season, and Sex of Subject on Sleep Behavior of Young Adults
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether sex, season, and/or chronotype influence the sleep behavior of university students. Detailed data were collected on activity/rest patterns by wrist actigraphy combined with diaries. Thirty-four medical students (19 female and 15 male) were monitored by Actiwatch actometers for 15 consecutive days in May and again in November. The data of a modified Horne and Ostberg chronotype questionnaire, which were collected from 1573 female and 1124 male medical school students surveyed in the spring and autumn over an eight-year period, were evaluated. Actiwatch sleep analysis software was used to process the activity data with statistical analyses performed with ANOVA. We found no significant sex-specific differences in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, or actual sleep-time duration. However, we did find a difference in sleep efficiency between morning and evening types, with morning types having a higher sleep efficiency (87.9%, SD=1.3) than evening types (84.3%, SD=0.87%; p=0.007). Seasonal differences were also detected: the actual sleep-time duration in autumn was significantly longer (mean 6.9 h, SD=0.13 h) than in spring (6.6 h, SD=0.1 h; p=0.013). Evaluation of the chronotype questionnaire data showed that individuals with no special preference for morningness or eveningness (i.e., so-called intermediates) were most common. The distribution of chronotypes was related to the sex of subject. Men displayed eveningness significantly more often than women (28.9% males vs. 20.8% females; p<0.001), while females exhibited greater morningness (20.3% females vs.15.6% males; p<0.001). Sex influences chronotype distribution, but not actual sleep time-duration, sleep onset latency, or sleep efficiency. The latter, however, differed among chronotypes, while actual sleep-time duration was affected by season.
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“Some studies (48, 49) but not others (9, 24) found a greater prevalence of eveningness in men compared with women, who exhibit greater morningness.”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
Citations
Cites
Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349
The Role of Actigraphy in the Study of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
Ancoli-Israel, S., Cole, R., Alessi, C., Chambers, M., Moorcroft, W., & Pollak, C. P. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.3.342 · Cited by 2,751 · cited 1×
“This article sought to verify the results concerning differences in sleep behavior according to chronotype and sex, in addition to season, using actigraphy, which shows good validity and reliability when compared to polysomnography in healthy adults (Ancoli-Israel et al., 2003).”
Life between Clocks: Daily Temporal Patterns of Human Chronotypes
Roenneberg, T., Wirz-Justice, A., & Merrow, M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730402239679 · Cited by 2,662
Kushida, C. A., Chang, A., Patil, C. G., Guilleminault, C., Carrillo, O., & Dement, W. C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00098-8 · Cited by 997
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Baehr, E. K., Revelle, W., & Eastman, C. I. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00196.x · Cited by 530
Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C. M., Beersma, D. G. M., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053536 · Cited by 527
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MORNINGNESS–EVENINGNESS PREFERENCE
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications
Dashti, H. S., Scheer, F. A., Jacques, P. F., Lamon-Fava, S., & Ordovás, J. M. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.008623 · Cited by 503
“Seasonal differences in sleep duration have been shown in children (88) and adults (89, 90) in whom objectively measured sleep duration was significantly longer in the fall than in the spring.”
BackgroundNatural Sleep and Its Seasonal Variations in Three Pre-industrial Societies
Yetish, G., Kaplan, H., Gurven, M., Wood, B., Pontzer, H., Manger, P. R., Wilson, C., McGregor, R., & Siegel, J. M. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046 · Cited by 395
“This study investigatedparticipants in Berlin (latitude +53 ), where night duration changes from 7 hr 39 min in summer to 16 hr 21 min in winter) [25].”
BackgroundBiological Rhythm and Chronotype: New Perspectives in Health
Montaruli, A., Castelli, L., Mulè, A., Scurati, R., Esposito, F., Galasso, L., & Roveda, E. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11040487 · Cited by 400
Vitale, J. A., Roveda, E., Montaruli, A., Galasso, L., Weydahl, A., Caumo, A., & Carandente, F. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.986273 · Cited by 326
“Lehnkering & Siegmund (2007) studied the influence of chronotype on sleep behavior in young adults using actigraphs (Actiwatch actometers, CNT, Cambridge, UK): the results showed that there was a difference in sleep efficiency between M-types (87.9%, SD¼ 1.3”
InfluentialTonetti, L., Fabbri, M., & Natale, V. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802394191 · Cited by 302
“…have been reported in some investigations (Greenwood, 1994; Neubauer, 1992), although in other studies involving large samples, women have been reported to be significantly more shifted toward morningness than men (Adan & Natale, 2002; Chelminski et al., 1997; Lehnkering & Siegmund, 2007).”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Lehnkering, H., & Siegmund, R.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lehnkering, Hanna
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 875-888
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W1998610182
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 18.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- chronotype, sleep behavior, sex differences, seasonal variation, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep duration, medical students, university students, intermediates
- MeSH terms
- Activity Cycles, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Seasons, Sex Characteristics, Sleep
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