The epidemiology of morningness/eveningness: influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors in adults (30-49 years)

Paine, Sarah-Jane; Gander, Philippa H.; Travier, Noemie

doi:10.1177/0748730405283154

Cited by 377Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The epidemiology of morningness/eveningness: influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors in adults (30-49 years)

Paine, Sarah-Jane, Gander, Philippa H., Travier, Noemie·2006·Journal of Biological Rhythms

DOI 10.1177/0748730405283154

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Horne and Ostberg Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is widely used to differentiate between morning and evening types, but there is very little epidemiological evidence about the distribution of MEQ chronotypes in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously investigate the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and work factors on the distribution of morningness/eveningness. A New Zealand version of the MEQ was mailed to 5000 New Zealand adults, ages 30 to 49 years, who were randomly selected from the electoral rolls (55.7% response rate). A total of 2526 questionnaires were included in the analyses. According to the Horne and Ostberg classification, 49.8% of the total population was classified as morning type compared to 5.6% having an evening-type preference. However, using new cutoffs for middle-aged working adults described by Taillard et al. (2004), 24.7% of the population was morning type and 26.4% was evening type. After controlling for ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic deprivation, participants ages 30 to 34 years were more likely to be definitely evening type (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p < 0.05) and less likely to be morning type (moderately morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.01, or definitely morning type, OR = 0.59, p < 0.05) compared to those ages 45 to 49 years. Work schedules were also important predictors of chronotype, with night workers more likely to be definitely evening type (OR = 1.49, p = 0.05) and the unemployed less likely to be moderately morning type (OR = 0.64, p < 0.05) compared to other workers. Evening types were 2.5 times more likely to report that their general health was only poor or fair compared to morning types (p < 0.01). This study confirms that the original criteria of Horne and Ostberg (1976) are not useful for classifying chronotypes in a middle-aged population. The authors conclude that morningness/eveningness preference is largely independent of ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic position, indicating that it is a stable characteristic that may be better explained by endogenous factors.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0748730405283154

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In a study of 5000 adults aged 30-49 years from New Zealand, after controlling for ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status, work schedules predicted chronotype, with night workers being more likely to be definitely evening-type and the unemployed less likely to be moderately morning-type compared with other workers.
“After controlling for ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status, work schedules were found to predict chronotype, with night workers being more likely to be “definitely evening-type” and the unemployed less likely to be “moderately morning-type” compared with other workers (71).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
Measures of chronotype are affected by social and work schedules, and some individuals may never shift back to a morning preference after adolescence.
“these measures of chronotype are also affected by social and work schedules, and some individuals may never shift back to a morning preference after adolescence223”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [223]
Sleep has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors and diseases.
“As a common physiologic function that has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular risk behaviors [7–11], and diseases [12], sleep may be such a target.”
From Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank (2016) · cites this paper as [8]

A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364 · see citing works
Aviat space environ med
(1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90338-v · Cited by 7,153 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. G., & Dement, W. C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-59875-3 · Cited by 5,118 · see citing works
A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness- eveningness in human circadian rhythms
Home, J. K. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,783 · see citing works
Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Johns, M. (1992) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.4.376 · Cited by 2,193 · see citing works
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation
Borb, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000894 · Cited by 1,503 · see citing works
An h <i>Per2</i> Phosphorylation Site Mutation in Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
Toh, K. L., Jones, C. R., He, Y., Eide, E. J., Hinz, W. A., Virshup, D. M., Ptáček, L. J., & Fu, Y.-H. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1057499 · Cited by 1,460 · see citing works
Timing of human sleep: recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker
Daan, S., Beersma, D. G. M., & Borbély, A. A. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.2.r161 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness.
Smith, C. S., Reilly, C., & Midkiff, K. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.5.728 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Horne & Östberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: A reduced scale
Adán, A., & Almirall, H. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90110-w · Cited by 843 · see citing works
A Length Polymorphism in the Circadian Clock Gene Per3 is Linked to Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome and Extreme Diurnal Preference
Archer, S. N., Robilliard, D. L., Skene, D. J., Smits, M. G., Williams, A., Arendt, J., & von Schantz, M. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.4.413 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton
Spiegel, K. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1469 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Paradoxical timing of the circadian rhythm of sleep propensity serves to consolidate sleep and wakefulness in humans
Dijk, D.-J., & Czeisler, C. A. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90841-9 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
NZDep2013 Index of Deprivation
Atkinson, J., Salmond, C. E., & Crampton, P. (2014) · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome: a short-period circadian rhythm variant in humans
Jones, C. R., Campbell, S. S., Zone, S. E., Cooper, F., DeSano, A., Murphy, P. J., Jones, B., Czajkowski, L., & Ptček, L. J. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/12502 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MORNINGNESS–EVENINGNESS PREFERENCE
Adan, A., & Natale, V. (2002) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-120005390 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Response to Immunizaton
Spiegel, K., Sheridan, J. F., & Cauter, E. V. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1471-a · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep
Taillard, J., Philip, P., & Bioulac, B. H. (1999) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1999.00176.x · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Validation of Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire in a Middle-Aged Population of French Workers
Taillard, J., Philip, P., Chastang, J., & Bioulac, B. H. (2004) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730403259849 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Circadian typology and individual differences. A review
Tankova, I., Adán, A., & Buela‐Casal, G. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90209-7 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
A Portrait of Health: Key results of the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey
Gerritsen, S., Stefanogiannis, N., Galloway, Y., Devlin, M., Templeton, R., & Yeh, L. (2008) · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Sleep and morningness‐eveningness in the ‘middle’ years of life (20–59y)
CARRIER, J., MONK, T. H., BUYSSE, D. J., & KUPFER, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1997.00230.x · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
(1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420001211 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Hours of work: Temporal factors in work-scheduling
Jones, D. (1986) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(86)90147-x · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Coin Rubbing and Camphor Intoxication—Reply
Bächli, E., Rampini, S. K., & Schneemann, M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.12.1471-b · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine in the Child
Ferber, R. A., & Kryger, M. H. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 231 · see citing works
The 3111 Clock gene polymorphism is not associated with sleep and circadian rhythmicity in phenotypically characterized human subjects
Robilliard, D. L., Archer, S. N., Arendt, J., Lockley, S. W., Hack, L. M., English, J., Léger, D., Smits, M. G., Williams, A., Skene, D. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00320.x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Hours of work: Temporal factors in work-scheduling
(1987) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(87)90250-x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep–Wake Regulation
Czeisler, C. A., & Buxton, O. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00035-9 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Sleep as a Mediator of the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Hypothesis
VAN CAUTER, E., & SPIEGEL, K. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08120.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
Reid, K. J., Chang, A., Dubocovich, M. L., Turek, F. W., Takahashi, J. S., & Zee, P. C. (2001) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.58.7.1089 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Morningness-eveningness preferences and sleep-waking diary data of morning and evening types in student and worker samples
Mecacci, L., & Zani, A. (1983) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138308963450 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: Influence of Age, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Deprivation. Epworth Sleepiness Scores of Adults in New Zealand
Gander, P. H., Marshall, N. S., Harris, R. B., & Reid, P. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.2.249 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Who Reports Insomnia? Relationships with Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Deprivation
Paine, S., Gander, P. H., Harris, R. B., & Reid, P. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.6.1163 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Is Self-Reported Morbidity Related to the Circadian Clock?
Taillard, J., Philip, P., Chastang, J.-F., Diefenbach, K., & Bioulac, B. (2001) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873001129001764 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the reduced Horne and Ostberg questionnaire
Chelminski, I., Petros, T. V., Plaud, J. J., & Ferraro, F. R. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00208-1 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Two Pedigrees of Familial Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome in Japan
Satoh, K., Mishima, K., Inoue, Y., Ebisawa, T., & Shimizu, T. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.4.416 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Horne and Ostberg questionnaire: A score distribution in a large sample of young adults
Chelminski, I., Ferraro, F. R., Petros, T. V., & Plaud, J. J. (1997) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00073-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A PEDIGREE OF ONE FAMILY WITH DELAYED SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Schnierow, B., Kelsoe, J. R., & Fink, R. (2001) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-100107518 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom
Galé, C. R., & Martyn, C. N. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7174.1675 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Age, circadian rhythms, and sleep loss in flight crews.
Gander, P. H., Nguyen, D., Rosekind, M. R., & Connell, L. J. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Human Circadian Timing System and Sleep-Wake Regulation
Czeisler, C. A., Buxton, O. M., & Khalsa, S. B. S. (2005) · Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50038-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The influence of age, work schedule and personality on morningness dimension
Adán, A. (1992) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(92)90001-r · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Experimental Immunomodulation, Sleep, and Sleepiness in Humans
Pollmächer, T., Schuld, A., Kraus, T., Haack, M., Hinze‐Selch, D., & Mullington, J. M. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05413.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Normal Aging
Bliwise, D. L. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50010-0 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Comparisons of sleep-wake habits of morning and evening types in Japanese worker sample.
Ishihara, K., Miyake, S., Miyasita, A., & Miyata, Y. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Shift Work: Basic Principles
Monk, T. H. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50063-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 48 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Circadian typology: a comprehensive review
Adan, A., Archer, S. N., Hidalgo, M. P., Di Milia, L., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.719971 · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan
Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0088-y · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Circadian misalignment and health
Baron, K. G., & Reid, K. J. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911149 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Chronotypes in the US–influence of age and sex
Fischer, D., Lombardi, D. A., Marucci-Wellman, H., & Roenneberg, T. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178782 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship
Grandner, M. A., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Jet lag: trends and coping strategies
Waterhouse, J. M., Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., & Edwards, B. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60529-7 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Associations of chronotype and sleep with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes
Merikanto, I., Lahti, T., Puolijoki, H., Vanhala, M., Peltonen, M., Laatikainen, T., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., Kronholm, E., & Partonen, T. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.741171 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Evening chronotype is associated with metabolic disorders and body composition in middle-aged adults
Yu, J. H., Yun, C.-H., Ahn, J. H., Suh, S., Cho, H. J., Lee, S. K., Yoo, H. J., Seo, J. A., Kim, S. G., Choi, K. M., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3754 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Race and Financial Strain are Independent Correlates of Sleep in Midlife Women: The SWAN Sleep Study
(2009) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/32.1.73 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Chronotype influences activity circadian rhythm and sleep: Differences in sleep quality between weekdays and weekend
Vitale, J. A., Roveda, E., Montaruli, A., Galasso, L., Weydahl, A., Caumo, A., & Carandente, F. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.986273 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Sex Difference in Sleep‐Time Preference and Sleep Need: A Cross‐Sectional Survey among Italian Pre‐Adolescents, Adolescents, and Adults
Tonetti, L., Fabbri, M., & Natale, V. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802394191 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis
Au, J., & Reece, J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.021 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Reviewing the psychometric properties of contemporary circadian typology measures
Di Milia, L., Adan, A., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.817415 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Genome-wide association scan for five major dimensions of personality
Terracciano, A., Sanna, S., Uda, M., Deiana, B., Usala, G., Busonero, F., Maschio, A., Scally, M., Patriciu, N. S., Chen, W.-M., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.113 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Morningness-Eveningness, Chronotypes and Health-Impairing Behaviors in Adolescents
Urbán, R., Magyaródi, T., & Rigó, A. (2011) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.549599 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Molecular insights into human daily behavior
Brown, S. A., Kunz, D., Dumas, A., Westermark, P. O., Vanselow, K., Tilmann-Wahnschaffe, A., Herzel, H., & Kramer, A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707772105 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Relation of Chronotype to Sleep Complaints in the General <b>Finnish Population</b>
Merikanto, I., Kronholm, E., Peltonen, M., Laatikainen, T., Lahti, T., & Partonen, T. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.655870 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Evening chronotype is associated with changes in eating behavior, more sleep apnea, and increased stress hormones in short sleeping obese individuals
Lucassen, E. A., Zhao, X., Rother, K. I., Mattingly, M. S., Courville, A. B., de Jonge, L., Csako, G., Cizza, G., & for the Sleep Extension Study Group (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056519 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Chronotype, gender and general health
Fabbian, F., Zucchi, B., Giorgi, A. D., Tiseo, R., Boari, B., Salmi, R., Cappadona, R., Gianesini, G., Bassi, E., Signani, F., et al. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1176927 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
CHRONOTYPE ASSOCIATIONS WITH DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS IN A LARGE COHORT STUDY: Research Article: Chronotypes in Depression and Anxiety
Antypa, N., Vogelzangs, N., Meesters, Y., Schoevers, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22422 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health
Almoosawi, S., Vingeliene, S., Gachon, F., Voortman, T., Palla, L., Johnston, J. D., Van Dam, R. M., Darimont, C., & Karagounis, L. G. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy070 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Relationship between depressive mood and chronotype in healthy subjects
Hidalgo, M. P. L., Caumo, W., Posser, M. S., de Souza, S. B. C., Camozzato, A. L., & Chaves, M. L. F. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01965.x · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Evening types are prone to depression
Merikanto, I., Lahti, T., Kronholm, E., Peltonen, M., Laatikainen, T., Vartiainen, E., Salomaa, V., & Partonen, T. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.784770 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Gender differences in morningness–eveningness assessed by self-report questionnaires: A meta-analysis
Randler, C. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.05.004 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Morningness and eveningness personality: A survey in literature from 1995 up till 2006
Cavallera, G., & Giudici, S. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.009 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Social jetlag negatively correlates with academic performance in undergraduates
Haraszti, R. Á., Ella, K., Gyöngyösi, N., Roenneberg, T., & Káldi, K. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.879164 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Chronotype: a review of the advances, limits and applicability of the main instruments used in the literature to assess human phenotype
Levandovski, R., Sasso, E., & Hidalgo, M. P. (2013) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/s2237-60892013000100002 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Depressive symptomatology is influenced by chronotypes
Gaspar-Barba, E., Calati, R., Cruz-Fuentes, C. S., Ontiveros-Uribe, M. P., Natale, V., Ronchi, D. D., & Serretti, A. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.021 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Morningness-eveningness comparison in adolescents from different countries around the world
Randler, C. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802551519 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Influence of chronotype, season, and sex of subject on sleep behavior of young adults
Lehnkering, H., & Siegmund, R. (2007) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520701648259 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Morningness-eveningness and depression: Preliminary evidence for the role of the behavioral activation system and positive affect
Hasler, B. P., Allen, J. J. B., Sbarra, D. A., Bootzin, R. R., & Bernert, R. A. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.006 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Gender differences in nighttime sleep patterns and variability across the adult lifespan: a global-scale wearables study
Jonasdottir, S. S., Minor, K., & Lehmann, S. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa169 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
REM Sleep Deprivation in Rats Results in Inflammation and Interleukin-17 Elevation
Yehuda, S., Sredni, B., Carasso, R. L., & Kenigsbuch-Sredni, D. (2009) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2008.0080 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Mapping the field of behavioural biases: a literature review using bibliometric analysis
Jain, J., Walia, N., Singh, S., & Jain, E. (2021) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-021-00215-y · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Smoking, screen-based sedentary behavior, and diet associated with habitual sleep duration and chronotype: data from the UK Biobank
Patterson, F., Malone, S. K., Lozano, A., Grandner, M. A., & Hanlon, A. L. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9797-5 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The role of the circadian system in the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD: time to redefine ADHD?
Bijlenga, D., Vollebregt, M. A., Kooij, J. J. S., & Arns, M. (2019) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-018-0271-z · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Characteristics of Insomniacs with Self-Reported Morning and Evening Chronotypes
Ong, J. C., Huang, J. S., Kuo, T. F., & Manber, R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.26801 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Relationship between circadian typology and functional and dysfunctional impulsivity
Adan, A., Natale, V., Caci, H., & Prat, G. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420521003663827 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Age‐related change in the association between a polymorphism in the PER3 gene and preferred timing of sleep and waking activities
Jones, K., Ellis, J. G., von Schantz, M., Skene, D. J., Dijk, D., & Archer, S. N. (2007) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2007.00561.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Problematic Gaming and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kristensen, J. H., Pallesen, S., King, D. L., Hysing, M., & Erevik, E. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.675237 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Happy as a lark: Morning-type younger and older adults are higher in positive affect.
Biss, R. K., & Hasher, L. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0027071 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Dietary intake is associated with human chronotype as assessed by both morningness-eveningness score and preferred midpoint of sleep in young Japanese women
Sato-Mito, N., Shibata, S., Sasaki, S., & Sato, K. (2011) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.560563 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: Characteristics and entrainment pathology in delayed sleep phase and non-24 sleep–wake syndrome
Okawa, M., & Uchiyama, M. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.001 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Relationship between chronotype and quality of sleep in medical students at the Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil
Rique, G. L. N., Filho, G. M. C. F., Ferreira, A. D. C., & de Sousa-Muñoz, R. L. (2014) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Simulator performance, microsleep episodes, and subjective sleepiness: normative data using convergent methodologies to assess driver drowsiness
Moller, H. J., Kayumov, L., Bulmash, E. L., Nhan, J., & Shapiro, C. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.007 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Shiftwork impacts and adaptation among health care workers
Burch, J. B., Tom, J., Zhai, Y., Criswell, L. A., Leo, E., & Ogoussan, K. (2009) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqp015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Chronotype ontogeny related to gender
Duarte, L. L., Menna-Barreto, L., Miguel, M. A. L., Louzada, F., Araújo, J., Alam, M., Areas, R., & Pedrazzoli, M. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x20143001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Identifying advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders in the general population: A national survey of New Zealand adults
Paine, S., Fink, J., Gander, P. H., & Warman, G. R. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.885036 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma
Maidstone, R. J., Turner, J., Vetter, C., Dashti, H. S., Saxena, R., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Shea, S. A., Kyle, S. D., Lawlor, D. A., Loudon, A. S. I., et al. (2020) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215218 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Long-term consistency of diurnal-type preferences among men
Broms, U., Pitkäniemi, J., Bäckmand, H., Heikkilä, K., Koskenvuo, M., Peltonen, M., Sarna, S., Vartiainen, E., Kaprio, J., & Partonen, T. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.836534 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Chronotype, Sleep Behavior, and the Big Five Personality Factors
Randler, C., Schredl, M., & Göritz, A. S. (2017) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017728321 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Morning is tomorrow, evening is today: relationships between chronotype and time perspective
Stolarski, M., Ledzińska, M., & Matthews, G. (2012) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2012.656248 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Association between chronotype and the constructs of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire
Schubert, E., & Randler, C. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.03.018 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Chronotype Differences in Health Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Study Among Aged and Older Adults
Suh, S. A., Yang, H.-C., Kim, N. H., Yu, J. H., Choi, S., Yun, C., & Shin, C. (2016) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1141768 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Sleep quality and morningness–eveningness of shift nurses
Chung, M., Chang, F., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., & Hsu, N. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02160.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance, circadian preference and symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Voinescu, B. I., Szentagotai, A., & David, D. (2012) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-012-0862-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Beyond sleep: A multidimensional model of chronotype
Chauhan, S., Norbury, R., Faßbender, K., Ettinger, U., & Kumari, V. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105114 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Validity of the Morningness‐Eveningness Scale for Children among Spanish Adolescents
Díaz‐Morales, J. F., de León, M. C. D., & Sorroche, M. G. (2007) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520701420659 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Morningness in German and Spanish students: a comparative study
Randler, C., & Díaz‐Morales, J. F. (2007) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.632 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the German version of the Composite Scale of Morningness
Randler, C. (2008) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291010701424796 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The search for circadian clock components in humans: new perspectives for association studies
Allebrandt, K. V., & Roenneberg, T. (2008) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2008000800013 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sleep–Wake Timings in Adolescence: Chronotype Development and Associations with Adjustment
Karan, M., Bai, S., Almeida, D. M., Irwin, M. R., McCreath, H. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01407-1 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Explaining why larks are future-oriented and owls are present-oriented: Self-control mediates the chronotype–time perspective relationships
Milfont, T. L., & Schwarzenthal, M. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.876428 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Prevalence of food addiction and association with stress, sleep quality and chronotype: a cross-sectional survey among university students
Najem, J., Saber, M., Aoun, C., El Osta, N., Papazian, T., & Rabbaa Khabbaz, L. (2020) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.038 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Development, validation and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire
Veronda, A. C., Allison, K. C., Crosby, R. D., & Irish, L. A. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1692349 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS, SEX, AND THE ALTERNATIVE FIVE FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY
Muro, A., Gomà‐i‐Freixanet, M., & Adán, A. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420520903240491 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Chronotype and diurnal patterns of positive affect and affective neural circuitry in primary insomnia
HASLER, B. P., GERMAIN, A., NOFZINGER, E. A., KUPFER, D. J., KRAFTY, R. T., ROTHENBERGER, S. D., JAMES, J. A., BI, W., & BUYSSE, D. J. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01002.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Young people's time-of-day preferences affect their school performance
Randler, C., & Frech, D. (2009) · Journal of Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/13676260902902697 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The circadian rhythm in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current state of affairs
Kooij, J. J. S., & Bijlenga, D. (2013) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2013.836301 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Clinical correlates of chronotypes in young persons with mental disorders
Fares, S., Hermens, D. F., Naismith, S. L., White, D., Hickie, I. B., & Robillard, R. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1078346 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Cancer Chronotherapeutics: Experimental, Theoretical, and Clinical Aspects
Ortiz‐Tudela, E., Mteyrek, A., Ballesta, A., Innominato, P. F., & Lévi, F. (2013) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_11 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Circadian Preference Is Associated With Emotional and Affective Temperaments
Ottoni, G. L., Antoniolli, E., & Lara, D. R. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.679329 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Morningness–eveningness interferes with perceived health, physical activity, diet and stress levels in working women: A cross-sectional study
Haraszti, R. Á., Purebl, G., Salavecz, G., Poole, L., Dockray, S., & Steptoe, A. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.911188 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults
Walsh, N., Repa, L. M., & Garland, S. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13442 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
(2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Morning-evening type and burnout level as factors influencing sleep quality of shift nurses: a questionnaire study
Demir Zencirci, A., & Arslan, S. (2011) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2011.52.527 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Time to decide: Diurnal variations on the speed and quality of human decisions
Leone, M. J., Slezak, D. F., Golombek, D. A., & Sigman, M. (2016) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.007 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Interpersonal factors in insomnia: A model for integrating bed partners into cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Rogojanski, J., Carney, C. E., & Monson, C. M. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.02.003 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chronotype andPERIOD3Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism in Individual Sports Athletes
Kunorozva, L., Stephenson, K. J., Rae, D. E., & Roden, L. C. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.719966 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Age of Em
Hanson, R. (2016) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198754626.001.0001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sleep quality and insomnia in nurses with different circadian chronotypes: Morningness and eveningness orientation
Yazdi, Z., Sadeghniiat‐Haghighi, K., Javadi, S. A. H. S., & Rikhtegar, G. (2014) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-131664 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Delayed sleep phase cases and controls
Kripke, D. F., Rex, K. M., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Nievergelt, C. M., Klimecki, W. J., & Kelsoe, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.1186/1740-3391-6-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Influence of Sex on Sleep Regulatory Mechanisms
Paul, K. N., Turek, F. W., & Kryger, M. H. (2008) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.0841 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Relationship between Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Korean Firefighters
Yun, J.-A., Ahn, Y., Jeong, K.-S., Joo, E.-J., & Choi, K. (2015) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.201 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances Are Commonly Reported Among Patients Presenting to a Gastroenterology Clinic
Ballou, S., Alhassan, E., Hon, E., Lembo, C., Rangan, V., Singh, P., Hirsch, W., Sommers, T. F., Iturrino, J., Nee, J. W., et al. (2018) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5237-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
A chronotype comparison of South African and Dutch marathon runners: The role of scheduled race start times and effects on performance
Henst, R. H. P., Jaspers, R. T., Roden, L. C., & Rae, D. E. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1048870 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Influence of Sleeping Patterns in Health and Academic Performance Among University Students
Toscano-Hermoso, M. D., Arbinaga, F., Ozcorta, E. J. F., Gómez-Salgado, J. C., & Ruíz-Frutos, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082760 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Decreased Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Moderate-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea during Wakefulness
Innes, C., Kelly, P. T., Hlavac, M. C., Melzer, T. R., & Jones, R. D. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4658 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Differential associations between chronotype, anxiety, and negative affect: A structural equation modeling approach
Cox, R. C., & Olatunji, B. O. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.012 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Evening chronotypes have the increased odds for bronchial asthma and nocturnal asthma
Merikanto, I., Englund, A., Kronholm, E., Laatikainen, T. K., Peltonen, M., Vartiainen, E. A., & Partonen, T. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.826672 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sleep hygiene awareness: its relation to sleep quality and diurnal preference
Voinescu, B., & Szentagotai-Tatar, A. (2015) · Journal of Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s40303-015-0008-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Yoga nidra practice shows improvement in sleep in patients with chronic insomnia: A randomized controlled trial
DATTA, K., TRIPATHI, M., VERMA, M., MASIWAL, D., & MALLICK, H. N. (2021) · The National Medical Journal of India · doi:10.25259/nmji_63_19 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Revisiting chronodisruption: when the physiological nexus between internal and external times splits in humans
Erren, T. C., & Reiter, R. J. (2013) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1026-5 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Prevalence of abnormal sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness in pregnancy and the role of socio-demographic factors: comparing pregnant women with women in the general population
Signal, T. L., Paine, S., Sweeney, B., Priston, M., Muller, D., Smith, A., Lee, K. A., Huthwaite, M., Reid, P., & Gander, P. H. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chronobiology of mood disorders
Malhi, G. S., & Kuiper, S. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12173 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Extreme late chronotypes and social jetlag challenged by Antarctic conditions in a population of university students from Uruguay
Tassino, B., Horta, S., Santana, N., Levandovski, R. M., & da Silva, A. C. R. (2016) · Sleep Science · doi:10.1016/j.slsci.2016.01.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Assessing Chronotypes by Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring
Martínez-Nicolás, A., Martínez-Madrid, M. J., Pagán, P., Bonmatí‐Carrión, M., Madrid, J. A., & Rol, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01396 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Morningness or Morning Affect? A Short Composite Scale of Morningness
Milia, L. V. D., & Bohle, P. L. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520902820954 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Eveningness relates to burnout and seasonal sleep and mood problems among young adults
Merikanto, I., Suvisaari, J., Lahti, T. A., & Partonen, T. (2015) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2015.1053519 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Differences in circadian phase and weekday/weekend sleep patterns in a sample of middle-aged morning types and evening types
Paine, S., & Gander, P. H. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1192187 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Characteristics of morning, intermediate, and evening chronotypes in a sample of older adults
(2018) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12_12765 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Validation of Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire in a Middle-Aged Population of French Workers
Taillard, J., Philip, P., Chastang, J., & Bioulac, B. H. (2004) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730403259849 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Associations between chronotype and employment status in a longitudinal study of an elderly population
Didikoğlu, A., Walker, B., Maharani, A., Pendleton, N., Canal, M. M., Payton, A., Gibson, J., & Brown, T. M. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2071158 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
0158 CHRONOTYPES IN THE US - INFLUENCE OF AGE AND SEX
Fischer, D. R., Lombardi, D. A., Wellman-Marucci, H., & Roenneberg, T. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.157 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Comparison of distributions of morningness–eveningness among populations of shift workers on varied work patterns in different organizations
Achari, K. V., Pati, A. K., & Parganiha, A. (2011) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2011.571025 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Authors: Paine, S.-J., Gander, P. H., & Travier, N.
Affiliations: Massey University (NZ)
Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Centre for Public Health Research, Research School of Public Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
ORCID: Paine, Sarah-Jane
Gander, Philippa H.
Venue: Journal of Biological Rhythms
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-02
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 68-76
ISSN: 0748-7304 (ISSN-L)
1552-4531
DOI: 10.1177/0748730405283154
OpenAlex: W2157608582
Cited by: 377
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 18.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Biological Rhythms (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: European Commission
Massey University
Health Research Council of New Zealand
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: chronotype, middle-aged adults, age differences, gender differences, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, socioeconomic deprivation, night work, employment status, health status, New Zealand adults, endogenous circadian rhythm, work schedules
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Biological Clocks, Chronobiology Phenomena, Circadian Rhythm, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sleep, Socioeconomic Factors, Wakefulness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The epidemiology of morningness/eveningness: influence of age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors in adults (30-49 years)

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks