The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceived coercion among patients admitted to acute wards in Norway
Abstract
Several studies suggest that the patient's experience of being coerced, during the admission process to mental hospitals, does not necessarily correspond with their legal status. Rather, perceived coercion appears to be associated with having experienced force and/or threats (negative pressures), as well as feeling that their views were not taken into consideration in the admission process (process exclusion). We investigated perceived coercion, among patients admitted both voluntarily and involuntarily, to acute wards in Norway. We used a visual analogue scale (the Coercion Ladder, CL) and the MacArthur Perceived Coercion Scale (MPCS), a five-item questionnaire, to measure perceived coercion. Two hundred and twenty-three consecutively admitted patients to four acute wards were included and interviewed within 5 days of admission. Many patients reported high levels of perceived coercion in the admission process, with the involuntary group experiencing significantly higher levels than the voluntary group. However, 32% of voluntarily admitted patients perceived high levels, and 41% of involuntarily admitted patients perceived low levels of coercion. Legal status did not significantly predict perceived coercion on either the MPCS or the CL after taking negative pressures and process exclusion into account. Applying a visual analogue scale (CL) seems to provide a useful measure of patients' perception of coercion and one that largely parallels the MPCS.
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In the citing paper
“However, some studies found no significant association between perceived coercion and legal status at admission [54,89,156]”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“Among voluntarily admitted people, the proportion who did not correctly state their legal status ranged from 1% to 12% (12,15).”
From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“All studies that examined patient knowledge of legal status found significant confusion among both people treated on an involuntary and voluntary basis regarding their legal rights or status (10–15).”
From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“The proportion of people in involuntary care who did not know their legal status ranged from 12% (12) to 45% (11,15), with a median of 28.5%.”
From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Involuntary treatment is by definition associated with objective coercion, but it was also associated with an increased risk of the admission being perceived as coercive (for example experiencing a lack of control or agency) or procedurally unfair when compared to those receiving voluntary care (10,11,15,18–31).”
From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“As a result, perceptions of coercion were not necessarily related to objective legal status (12,33), with high degrees of perceived coercion found among those receiving voluntary care (11,13–15,27,29).”
From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Numerous quantitative studies have found an inverse relationship between levels of procedural justice and levels of perceived coercion [15,24,34,38,42,45,48,54,55,65,92,95,105,107,147,156].”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In the citing paper
“Notably, many voluntary patients also reported feeling coerced [15,35,44,54,60,64,93,105,115]”
From Factors Associated with Perceived Coercion in Adults Receiving Psychiatric Care: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
Citations
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Two scales for measuring patients’ perceptions for coercion during mental hospital admission
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“The other two subscales of the AES, perceived negative pressures (six items) and process exclusion (four items) were calculated following the procedure recommended by Hiday et al. (9).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPerceived Coercion in Mental Hospital Admission: Pressures and Process
Lidz, C. W. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240052010 · Cited by 273
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Patient Perception of Coercion on Admission to Acute Psychiatric Services
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Cited by
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Gilburt, H., Rose, D., & Slade, M. (2008) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-92 · Cited by 396
“Reports of restriction of freedom and compulsion to receive treatment by participants who had been detained confirm this association between compulsory admission and experience of coercion reported by other authors [54,55].”
BackgroundResultWalker, S., Mackay, E., Barnett, P., Sheridan Rains, L., Leverton, M., Dalton-Locke, C., Trevillion, K., Lloyd-Evans, B., & Johnson, S. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30406-7 · Cited by 221
Involuntary vs. voluntary hospital admission: A systematic literature review on outcome diversity
Kallert, T. W., Glöckner, M., & Schützwohl, M. (2008) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0777-4 · Cited by 204
Psychiatric advance directives and reduction of coercive crisis interventions
Swanson, J. W., Swartz, M. S., Elbogen, E. B., Dorn, R. A. V., Wagner, H. R., Moser, L. L., Wilder, C. M., & Gilbert, A. R. (2008) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230802052195 · Cited by 153
Perceived Coercion and the Therapeutic Relationship: A Neglected Association?
Sheehan, K. A., & Burns, T. (2011) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.62.5.pss6205_0471 · Cited by 148
Metadata
- Authors
- Iversen, K. I., Høyer, G., Sexton, H., & Grønli, O. K.
- Affiliations
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- ORCID
- Grønli, Ole Kristian
- Venue
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 433-439
- ISSN
- 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-9488
- 1502-4725
- OpenAlex
- W2090022664
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Socialdepartementet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- perceived coercion, involuntary admission, voluntary admission, psychiatric hospital admissions, acute psychiatric wards, legal status, negative pressure, patient experience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Coercion, Female, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Patient Admission, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires
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