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Cited by 70Workplace Health and Well-beingRetirement, Disability, and EmploymentMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

Long-term sickness absence and disability pension with psychiatric diagnoses: A population-based cohort study

Gjesdal, Sturla, Ringdal, Peder R., Haug, Kjell, Gunnar Mæland, John·2008·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1080/08039480801984024
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Abstract

Sickness absence certified with psychiatric diagnoses is increasing in many Western countries. A substantial proportion of the sickness absentees never return to work, but ends up with a permanent disability pension (DP). This study investigated the incidence of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) with different psychiatric diagnoses, and tested predictors of the transition to permanent DP. A special objective was to explore previously reported gender differences, using a population-based cohort study. The population at risk of LTSA was 106,674 occupational active men and 89,356 women in a Norwegian county in 1994; 314 women and 203 men with LTSA >8 weeks, certified with a psychiatric diagnosis, were followed to the end of 1999, with DP as the endpoint. Diagnoses on sickness certificates, age, gender and income were used as explanatory variables in Cox regression analysis. Annual incidence of LTSA with a psychiatric diagnosis was 7.0/1000/year for women and 3.8/1000 for men; 72% of the women and 50% of the men had a diagnosis indicating depression. During follow-up, 32% of the men and 25% of the women obtained DP. Increasing age, male gender, low income and a diagnosis of psychosis or "other" increased the DP risk. Separate analysis for men indicated a different effect of age and a larger role of serious mental illness. The study verified that women more often than men had LTSA with psychiatric diagnoses, especially with depression. Men were at higher risk of transition to DP, and the study suggested some possible explanations.

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  • Common mental disorders are among the most important predictors of disability pensioning, especially in younger age groups, and associations are significant regardless of whether pensions are awarded for somatic or psychiatric disorders.

    “Common mental disorders are among the most important predictors of disability pensioning [3–6]; especially, in the younger age groups [7], and associations are significant regardless of whether the pensions are awarded for somatic or psychiatric disorders [8].”

    From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

  • Adjusting for mood and anxiety disorders may be overly conservative because personality disorder symptoms overlap with anxiety and depression, potentially underestimating the true effects of personality disorders.

    “The symptoms might therefore work as mediators instead of confounders, making the adjustments overly conservative and underestimating the true effects of PDs.”

    From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

  • Personality disorders are highly co-morbid with anxiety and depression, and these disorders are known to be associated with increased risk of disability pensioning.

    “PDs are highly co-morbid with anxiety and depression [35–38], and these disorders are known to be associated with an increased risk of disability pensioning [3–6].”

    From Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors
Gjesdal, S., Ringdal, P. R., Haug, K., & Gunnar Mæland, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Bergen (NO)
  • Hordaland County Council (NO)
Corresponding author
Gjesdal, Sturla
ORCID
Gjesdal, Sturla
Venue
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2008-01
Volume
62
Issue
4
Pages
294-301
ISSN
  • 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
  • 0803-9488
  • 1502-4725
DOI
10.1080/08039480801984024
OpenAlex
W2118884656
Cited by
70
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
FWCI
10.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Retirement, Disability, and Employment
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords
long-term sickness absence, disability pension, psychiatric diagnosis, depression, gender differences, psychosis, severe mental illness, income, age, occupational health
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norway, Pensions, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Prevalence, Persons with Intellectual Disabilities, Young Adult

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