Students who self-harm: Coping style, Rumination and Alexithymia
Abstract
Counsellors working with students or other young adults may encounter individuals who have self-harmed, either with suicidal or non-suicidal intent. Recent US studies reported rates of self-injury of up to 37% of the student population, but studies in the UK have focussed primarily on younger adolescents. This study examined reported self-harm incidents (scratching, cutting, poisoning, overdose etc) from a sample of 617 university students. A total of 27% reported at least one incident of self-harm, with almost 10% having harmed themselves while at university. Gender differences were not significant but psychology students reported significantly more self-harm than other students. Participants reporting self-harm scored significantly higher on maladaptive coping styles, rumination, and alexithymia (specifically difficulty in identifying emotions) and these differences were most marked for students reporting repetitive and recent self-harm. Rumination and Alexithymia factor 1 (difficulty identifying feelings) emerged as the most robust factors predicting self-harm status. Comments from students who self-harmed at university highlighted the importance of accessible services and academic staff support. The implications of these findings for counselling interventions are discussed, including challenging negative rumination tendencies and developing mindfulness skills.
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Borrill et al. identified alexithymia as a strong predictor of self-injury in a student sample, especially associated with repetitive NSSI.
“Borrill et al. [20] identified alexithymia as a strong predictor of self-injury in a student sample, and noted that it was especially associated with repetitive NSSI.”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
Alexithymia is commonly present in clinical populations who self-injure.
“given its common presence in clinical populations who self-injure [16–20]”
From A 'choice', an 'addiction', a way 'out of the lost': Exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
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Yudiyasiwi, F. R., & Anganthi, N. R. N. (2024) · Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan · doi:10.22219/jipt.v12i1.29766
Editorial: Experiences of mental health promotion and suicide prevention
Gascón, S., de Carvalho, C. M. S., Alacreu‐Crespo, A., & Ordóñez-Carrasco, J. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1572859
CHEN, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, M., Liu, Y., Xie, X., Yang, Q., Shao, J., Liu, F., & Wang, W. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106950
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“Previous research has linked higher levels of rumination to greater depressive symptom severity, suicidal ideation, and self-harming behaviors (Borrill et al., 2009; Marroquín et al., 2010).”
- Authors
- Borrill, J., Fox, P., Flynn, M., & Roger, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Westminster (GB)
- University of West London (GB)
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- Venue
- Counselling Psychology Quarterly
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 361-372
- ISSN
- 0951-5070 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-3674
- OpenAlex
- W2058233680
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Counselling Psychology Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- UWL Repository (University of West London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- self-harm, university students, coping styles, rumination, alexithymia, emotion recognition, psychology students, gender differences, counseling intervention, mindfulness, academic support
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