A review of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression
Abstract
This review examines the efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression in adolescents. A systematic review of six databases was conducted. Ten multi-subject trials, all uncontrolled, and five case reports met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies focused on treatment efficacy, whereas three studies focused exclusively on adverse events. All efficacy studies focused on adolescents only; 10 of these studies indicated that rTMS may demonstrate some benefit. Improvement within 2-8 weeks was reported in most studies, with a few studies indicating potential long-term benefits. A variety of adverse events occurred including scalp pain, which was the most common, as well as seizures. Controlled studies of rTMS are warranted to further examine whether this treatment is a potential option for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression.
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Many non-pharmacological techniques for adolescent depression (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation, art or music therapy) require specialized equipment or settings.
“While techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and art or music therapy has shown promise, many require specialized equipment or settings (8–11).”
From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Magavi, L. R., Reti, I. M., & Vasa, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vasa, Roma A.
- Venue
- International Review of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-03-04
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-88
- ISSN
- 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1627
- OpenAlex
- W2597068384
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, treatment-resistant depression, adolescents, depression, treatment efficacy, adverse events, scalp pain, seizures, non-pharmacological treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Humans, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
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