Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report on the outcome of participants in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) trial after 24 weeks of treatment, including remission and relapse rates and predictors of treatment outcome. METHOD: Adolescents (ages 12-18 years) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant depression were randomly assigned to either a medication switch alone (alternate SSRI or venlafaxine) or a medication switch plus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). At week 12, responders could continue in their assigned treatment arm and nonresponders received open treatment (medication and/or CBT) for 12 more weeks (24 weeks total). The primary outcomes were remission and relapse, defined by the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation as rated by an independent evaluator. RESULTS: Of 334 adolescents enrolled in the study, 38.9% achieved remission by 24 weeks, and initial treatment assignment did not affect rates of remission. Likelihood of remission was much higher (61.6% versus 18.3%) and time to remission was much faster among those who had already demonstrated clinical response by week 12. Remission was also higher among those with lower baseline depression, hopelessness, and self-reported anxiety. At week 12, lower depression, hopelessness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, family conflict, and absence of comorbid dysthymia, anxiety, and drug/alcohol use and impairment also predicted remission. Of those who responded by week 12, 19.6% had a relapse of depression by week 24. CONCLUSIONS: Continued treatment for depression among treatment-resistant adolescents results in remission in approximately one-third of patients, similar to adults. Eventual remission is evident within the first 6 weeks in many, suggesting that earlier intervention among nonresponders could be important.
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TORDIA had high risk of bias for blinding of participants/care providers because participants were blind to medication type but unlikely to be blind if receiving adjunctive CBT.
“Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Blinding of partici- pants/care providers | High risk | 'Participants were blind to medication type'. NB: unlikely that participants were blind if receiving adjunctive CBT treatment. pg. 785 (Emslie 2010)”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
TORDIA had low risk of bias for blinding of outcome assessors because independent evaluators were blind to medication type and CBT treatment.
“Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Blinding of outcome as- | Low risk | 'independent evaluators were blind to medication type. Independent evalua- tors were also blind to CBT treatment'”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
In TORDIA, blinding of the independent evaluator was compromised in 64 cases, most commonly because of participant disclosure of receiving CBT.
“NB: 'In 64 cases, the blinding of the independent evaluator was compromised, most commonly because of participant disclosure of receiving CBT'. pg. 785 (Emslie 2010)”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Emslie 2010
The Method > Study Design passage says independent evaluators were blind to CBT assignment, but it does not report 64 breaches of that blinding or identify participant disclosure as their most common cause. Searches for the quoted wording, evaluator unblinding, and “64” found no passage in our copy establishing those details; the available passages have no page labels. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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“…of resistant depression are similar to predictors of response in treatment-naïve depressed adolescents, and include severity, family conflict, and non-suicidal self-injury, drug and alcohol use and greater dysfunction at baseline (Asarnow et al., 2009; Emslie et al., 2010; Vitiello et al., 2010).”
InfluentialSelf-citationDiamond, G. S., Creed, T. A., Gillham, J. E., Gallop, R., & Hamilton, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028414 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hoagwood, K., Atkins, M. S., Kelleher, K. J., Peth-Pierce, R., Olin, S.-C. S., Burns, B. J., Landsverk, J. A., & Horwitz, S. M. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.433 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Woldu, H., Porta, G., Goldstein, T. R., Sakolsky, D. J., Perel, J. M., Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T. L., Clarke, G. N., Ryan, N. D., Birmaher, B. B., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.018 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationAsarnow, J. R., Porta, G., Spirito, A., Emslie, G. J., Clarke, G. N., Wagner, K. D., Vitiello, B., Keller, M. B., Birmaher, B. B., McCracken, J., et al. (2012) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.10.3.380 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCox, G. R., Fisher, C. A., De Silva, S., Phelan, M., Akinwale, O. P., Simmons, M. B., & Hetrick, S. E. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007504.pub2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dwyer, J. B., Landeros‐Weisenberger, A., Johnson, J. A., Tobón, A. L., Flores, J. M., Nasir, M., Couloures, K. G., Sanacora, G., & Bloch, M. H. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.22020004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training: Anxiety Outcomes and Impact of Comorbidity
Young, J. F., Makover, H. B., Cohen, J. R., Mufson, L. H., Gallop, R., & Benas, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.704843 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“…with a growing body of research within the depression treatment literature that has found that adolescents with comorbid anxiety experience worse depression outcomes than adolescents without this comorbidity (Brent et al., 1998; Curry et al., 2006; Emslie et al., 2010; Young et al., 2006a).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHathaway, E. E., Walkup, J. T., & Strawn, J. R. (2018) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.12.002 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Brown, L. K., Kennard, B. D., Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T. L., Whiteley, L., Bethel, J., Xu, J., Thornton, S., Tanney, M. R., Hawkins, L. A., et al. (2015) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000803 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Combined CBT and MMA (COMB) (24-Week Intervention) The MMA was developed by incorporating current practice parameters for depression(15,23,24) and HIV treatment in adults,(23,24) recent data from adult and adolescent depression trials,(25,26) and previously used algorithmic designs.(27,28) Modifications included rescu…”
MethodSelf-citationIftene, F., Predescu, E., Stefan, S., & David, D. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Another large-scale RCT, the TORDIA study (Emslie et al., 2010), compared switching medication, and the combination of medication plus CBT in treating SSRI-resistant adolescent depression (i.”
BackgroundIsa, A., Bernstein, I. H., Trivedi, M. H., Mayes, T. L., Kennard, B. D., & Emslie, G. J. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0127 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“The effects of depression include problems in the areas of daily functioning, family life, learning, and relationships, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (Birmaher et al. 2007; Emslie et al. 2010; Vitello et al. 2011).”
InfluentialSelf-citationKlimes‐Dougan, B., Schreiner, M. W., Thai, M., Gunlicks‐Stoessel, M., Reigstad, K. M., & Cullen, K. R. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.015 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Weinstein, S. M., Henry, D. B., Katz, A. C., Peters, A. T., & West, A. E. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.11.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Shamseddeen, W. A., Clarke, G. N., Keller, M. B., Wagner, K. D., Birmaher, B. B., Emslie, G. J., Ryan, N. D., Asarnow, J. R., Porta, G., & Brent, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0027 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Further, the persistence of residual symptoms puts patients at higher risk of relapse (Brent et al. 2001; Emslie et al. 2010).”
Self-citationGhaziuddin, N., Shamseddeen, W. A., Gettys, G., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2020) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0054 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The remission rate on the other hand was only 39% for the entire sample at week 24 (Brent et al. 2008; Emslie et al. 2010).”
Magavi, L. R., Reti, I. M., & Vasa, R. A. (2017) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2017.1300574 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Only 40% of adolescents who fail to respond to initial treatments (i.e. treatment-resistant) respond to additional combined therapies (Emslie et al., 2010).”
InfluentialGunlicks‐Stoessel, M., & Mufson, L. H. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20849 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression in children and adolescents
Grover, S., & Avasthi, A. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_563_18 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Future Directions in Research on Psychotherapy for Adolescent Depression
Curry, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.904233 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Moreover, from a longitudinal perspective, acute treatment response is associated with better longer term outcome (Curry et al., 2011; Emslie et al., 2010; Vitiello et al., 2011), and in turn, is more likely to occur when the adolescent responds early within the acute period treatment (Gunlicks-Stoessel & Mufson, 2011…”
BackgroundCzaja, A. S., & Valuck, R. J. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3312 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Rohden, A. I., Benchaya, M. C., Camargo, R. S., Moreira, T. D. C., Barros, H. M. T., & Ferigolo, M. (2017) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.017 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Fredwall, M. M., Terry, D., Enciso, L., Burch, M. M., Trott, K., & Albert, D. V. F. (2021) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17031 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mansoor, B., Rengasamy, M. L., Hilton, R., Porta, G., He, J., Spirito, A., Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T. L., Clarke, G. N., Wagner, K. D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0095 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“…and results of treatment efficacy, as well as predictors and moderators of response, in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescence (TORDIA) study at 12 and 24 weeks, have been reported in detail in previous publications (Brent et al. 2008; Asarnow et al. 2009; Emslie et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationDevenish, B. D., Berk, L., & Lewis, A. J. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415627374 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Strategies and challenges in the management of adolescent depression
Eapen, V., & Črnčec, R. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32834de3bd · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Psychological Treatments for Depression in Adolescents: More Than Three Decades Later
Méndez, X., Sánchez-Hernández, Ó., Garber, J., Espada, J. P., & Orgilés, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094600 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Considering the concern raised and the response rate to antidepressants of approximately 60% [172], the first option for treating depression in adolescents will likely be psychological [173].”
BackgroundMacPherson, H. A., Algorta, G. P., Mendenhall, A. N., Fields, B. W., & Fristad, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.807735 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“In keeping with findings in RCTs of EBTs for depressed adolescents, we hypothesized that greater functional impairment would predict treatment nonresponse (Asarnow et al., 2009; Curry et al., 2006; Emslie et al., 2010; Jayson et al., 1998; Rohde et al., 2006; Vitiello et al., 2011; Wilkinson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHetrick, S. E., Cox, & Merry (2011) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s13780 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Suresh, V., Mills, J. A., Croarkin, P. E., & Strawn, J. R. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23064 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Findling, R. L., McCusker, E., & Strawn, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0176 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“However, as many as 40% of patients fail to adequately respond to SSRIs (The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study [TADS] 2009; Emslie et al. 2010).”
Predictors of Treatment Response in Adolescent Depression
Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B. D., & Mayes, T. L. (2011) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20110512-05 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDysthymia in a cross-cultural perspective
Gureje, O. (2010) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e32834136a5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Predictors and Moderators of Relapse in Children and Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder
Kennard, B. D., Mayes, T. L., Chahal, Z., Nakonezny, P. A., Moorehead, A., & Emslie, G. J. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.15m10330 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPractitioner Review: Therapeutics of unipolar major depressions in adolescents
Goodyer, I. M., & Wilkinson, P. O. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12940 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Increased Serum Levels of Oxytocin in ‘Treatment Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TRDIA)’ Group
Sasaki, T. G., Hashimoto, K., Oda, Y., Ishima, T., 焼田まどか, Kurata, T., Kuno, M., Takahashi, J., Kamata, Y., Kimura, A., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160767 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“40% of depressed adolescent depressive patients who receive evidence-based treatments do not reach remission, so their group is called ‘treatment resistant depression in adolescents (TRDIA)’ [4,7,8].”
BackgroundBaldini, V., Gnazzo, M., Varallo, G., Vincenzo, M. D., Scorza, M., Franceschini, C., Ronchi, D. D., Fiorillo, A., & Plazzi, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1612067 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Regular follow-up appointments and open communication with the adolescent and their family are crucial for ensuring the safe and effective use of medications (Emslie et al., 2010).”
Evidence-Base Update of Psychosocial and Combination Treatments for Child and Adolescent Depression
Weersing, V. R., Goger, P., Schwartz, K. T. G., Baca, S. A., Angulo, F., & Kado-Walton, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2024.2384022 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Boylan, K., MacQUEEN, G. M., Kirkpatrick, R. H., Lee, J. C., & Santaguida, P. L. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01341-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“However, skin rash and cardiovascular events showed non-significantly increased rates with the use of venlaxafine [31].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialZakhour, S., Nardi, A. E., Levitan, M. N., & Appolinário, J. C. (2020) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0033 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lu, C. Y., Penfold, R. B., Wallace, J., Lupton, C., Libby, A. M., & Soumerai, S. B. (2020) · Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20200012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Thus, they do not receive first‐line evidence‐based treatments such as psychotherapies (6–8), including cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal (9) or, when indicated, antidepressant medications (10, 11).”
BackgroundMood and suicidality outcomes 3–11 years following pediatric anxiety disorder treatment
Keeton, C. P., Caporino, N. E., Kendall, P. C., Iyengar, S., Lee, P. C., Peris, T. S., Sakolsky, D. J., Piacentini, J. C., Compton, S. N., Albano, A. M., et al. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22944 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“IEs also administered the Brief Suicide Severity Rating Scale (B‐SSRS; Emslie et al., 2010) to code suicidal ideation (e.g., thoughts of death, active ideation with plan and intent) and behavior (e.g., preparatory acts, actual attempt) according to the Columbia Classification Algorithm for Suicide…”
MethodSelf-citationSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis of L-Methylfolate Augmentation in Depressive Disorders
Maruf, A. A., Poweleit, E. A., Brown, L. C., Strawn, J. R., & Bousman, C. (2021) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1681-2047 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Choe, C. J., Emslie, G. J., & Mayes, T. L. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.07.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationOutside the Black Box: Re-assessing Pediatric Antidepressant Prescription.
Sparks, J. A., & Duncan, B. L. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Loades, M. E., Sheils, E., & Crawley, E. M. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012271 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Holtmann, M. H., Mokros, L., Kirschbaum‐Lesch, I., Kölch, M. G., Plener, P. L., Ruckes, C., Schulte‐Markwort, M., & Legenbauer, T. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2949-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Purper‐Ouakil, D., Cohen, D., & Flament, M. F. (2011) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2011.03.001 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hilton, R., Rengasamy, M. L., Mansoor, B., He, J., Mayes, T. L., Emslie, G. J., Porta, G., Clarke, G. N., Wagner, K. D., Birmaher, B. B., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention and treatment of child and adolescent depression: challenges and opportunities
Vitiello, B. (2011) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796011000102 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The cumulative remission rate was 39% after 24 weeks of treatment and 61% by 72 weeks, thus confirming that, for at least one-third of cases, adolescent depression persists, although attenuated, over time (Emslie et al. 2010; Vitiello et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFaries, E., Mabe, L. A., Franzen, R. L., Murtaza, S., Nathani, K., Ahmed, B., Prokop, L. J., Mohammed, K., & Ahmed, A. T. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.212 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pettit, J. W., Silverman, W. K., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., & Jaccard, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1038824 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…patients’ status at a posttreatment (post) reevaluation, and (d) move patients to a second-stage treatment if they did not show satisfactory improvement (Emslie et al., 2010; Fava et al., 2003; Rush et al., 2006; for an exception to the requirement that patients go through an entire first-stage…”
BackgroundMethodZhang, C., Zafarí, Z., Slejko, J. F., Castillo, W. C., Reeves, G. M., & dosReis, S. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ayvaci, E. R., & Croarkin, P. E. (2023) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Thai, M., Nair, A. U., Klimes‐Dougan, B., Albott, C. S., Silamongkol, T., Corkrum, M., Hill, D. C., Roemer, J. W., Lewis, C. P., Croarkin, P. E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.061 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wagner, K. D., Asarnow, J. R., Vitiello, B., Clarke, G., Keller, M. B., Emslie, G. J., Ryan, N. D., Porta, G., Iyengar, S., Ritz, L., et al. (2012) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0045 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Approximately one-third of adolescents will achieve remission by 24 weeks of treatment, and there is a greater likelihood of remission for those adolescents who had a clinical response by 12 weeks (Emslie et al. 2010).”
Self-citationThe Psychopharmacology of Adolescent Depression
Emslie, G. J. (2012) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2012.2212 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBright Light Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescent Outpatients: A Preliminary Study
Ballard, R., Parkhurst, J. T., Gadek, L. K., Julian, K. M., Yang, A., Pasetes, L. N., Goel, N., & Sit, D. K. Y. (2024) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep6010005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Moreover, up to 40% of adolescents with major depression may not improve with adequate combined treatment [3,4].”
BackgroundMethodElectroconvulsive Therapy in an Adolescent with Severe Major Depression and Anorexia Nervosa
Andrews, P. J. T., Seide, M., Guarda, Á. S., Redgrave, G. W., & Coffey, D. B. J. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2014.2422 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Remission rate was higher and achieved more quickly in those who had shown, among other factors, clinical response by week 12, and in those with less severe depression, hopelessness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and family conflict (Emslie et al. 2010).”
Wilcox, H. C., Kharrazi, H. H. K., Wilson, R. F., Musci, R. J., Susukida, R., Gharghabi, F., Zhang, A. W., Wissow, L. S., & Robinson, K. A. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-1281 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Summary of Intervention Characteristics Program or Study Name (If Applicable) Author, Year (Reference) Intervention Type/Purpose Setting/Population Adolescent suicide risk screening King et al, 2012 (26) Screening, follow-up Emergency department Attachment-based family therapy Diamond et al, 2010 (27) Psychotherapy, b…”
InfluentialWitt, K., Madsen, T., Berk, M., Dean, O. M., Chanen, A. M., McGorry, P. D., Cotton, S., Davey, C. G., & Hetrick, S. E. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867421998763 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Previous work has suggested that end-of-treatment response might predict long-term outcomes (Emslie et al., 2010; Kennard et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPardossi, S., Fagiolini, A. M., Scheggi, S., & Cuomo, A. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070801 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The TORDIA trial demonstrated that combining medication switches with CBT can effectively improve outcomes for adolescents with TRD [17,25].”
BackgroundMethodMajor challenges in youth psychopathology: treatment-resistant depression. A narrative review
Menculini, G., Cinesi, G., Scopetta, F., Cardelli, M., Caramanico, G., Balducci, P. M., Giorgi, F. D., Moretti, P., & Tortorella, A. A. V. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1417977 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Treating a broader range of depressed adolescents with combined therapy
Foster, S., & Mohler‐Kuo, M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.027 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pediatric Psychopharmacology for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Strawn, J. R., Vaughn, S. E., & Ramsey, L. B. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20210036 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Light Therapy for Adolescent Depression: A Scoping Review
Ballard, R., Parkhurst, J. T., Julian, K. M., Pasetes, L. N., Fawcett, A. J., Li, A., Goel, N., & Sit, D. K. Y. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01437-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sultan, M. A., & Courtney, D. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nilsen, T. S., Handegård, B. H., Eisemann, M. R., & Kvernmo, S. E. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0098-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Secondly, high baseline symptom severity and depression with comorbid anxiety are associated with a poorer treatment outcome in several studies of primary depression [10–12, 42].”
BackgroundBenarous, X., Cravero, C., Jakubowicz, B., Morales, P., & Cohen, D. (2021) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2020.0138 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Finally, longer period of observation in an in-patient facility may be an opportunity to gain detailed information on the reasons why some of these patients do not respond to front-line treatments (Garno et al. 2005; Emslie et al. 2010).”
- Authors
- Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T., Porta, G., Vitiello, B., Clarke, G., Wagner, K. D., Asarnow, J. R., Spirito, A., Birmaher, B., Ryan, N., Kennard, B., DeBar, L., McCracken, J., Strober, M., Onorato, M., Zelazny, J., Keller, M., Iyengar, S., & Brent, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Suburban Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- Volume
- 167
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 782-791
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC3257891
- OpenAlex
- W2140498388
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 12.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH61958, U01MH061856, MH-66371, U01MH061835, U01MH061869, MH-61869, U01MH062014, MH61856, MH-61835, MH61864, U01MH061958, P30MH066371, U01MH061864, MH62014)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, adolescent depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, cognitive behavioral therapy, remission, relapse, predictors of treatment outcome, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, family conflict, anxiety comorbidity, early intervention
- MeSH terms
- Venlafaxine Hydrochloride, Adolescent, Combined Modality Therapy, Cyclohexanols, Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Remission Induction, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Failure, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
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