CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 94Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchCognitive Functions and Memory

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive rehabilitation

Open access
Miniussi, Carlo, Rossini, Paolo Maria·2011·Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1080/09602011.2011.562689
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can generate an increase or a decrease of neuronal excitability, which can modulate cognition and behaviour. Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced cortical changes have been shown to result in neural plasticity. Thus, TMS provides an important opportunity to gain more insight into the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable flexibility of the central nervous system. The aim of this review was to cover the topics that could be useful when using TMS in the cognitive rehabilitation field after brain damage. The basic TMS principles are introduced, together with the clinical application for diagnosis and prognosis, the biological aspects, and the use in cognitive neuroscience studies. Finally, several hypotheses are discussed to explain the likely mechanisms induced by TMS that favour the recovery of a function after brain damage and cause the adult brain to undergo plasticity. The possibility of non-invasively interacting with the functioning of the brain and its plasticity mechanisms - a possibility that may eventually lead to cognitive and behavioural modifications - opens new and exciting scenarios in the cognitive neurorehabilitation field.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/09602011.2011.562689

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Because the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is laterally located and often close to the area of stimulation, working memory may be a cognitive function expected to benefit from non-invasive brain stimulation.

    “As the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is laterally located and often close to the area of stimulation, working memory may be a cognitive function expected to benefit from NIBS (Brunoni & Vanderhasselt, 2014; Miniussi & Rossini, 2011; Pope & Chris Miall, 2014; Tracy et al., 2015).”

    From Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Miniussi & Rossini, 2011

    The TMS AND COGNITIVE NEUROREHABILITATION section (page not provided) says TMS may enhance cognitive performance and may strengthen networks supporting specific functions. It does not give the claimed rationale that the DLPFC’s lateral location makes working memory especially likely to benefit; the working-memory study listed in the References concerns stimulation of the precuneus. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 130

  1. Akamatsu, N., Fueta, Y., Endo, Y., Matsunaga, K., Uozumi, T., & Tsuji, S. (2001). Decreased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures after low-frequency transcranial mag- netic stimulation in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 310(2 -3), 153-156.
  2. Andoh, J., Artiges, E., Pallier, C., Riviere, D., Mangin, J. F., Cachia, A., et al. (2006). Modu- lation of language areas with functional MR image-guided magnetic stimulation. Neuro- image, 29(2), 619-627.
  3. Backman, L., Andersson, J. L., Nyberg, L., Winblad, B., Nordberg, A., & Almkvist, O. (1999). Brain regions associated with episodic retrieval in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 52(9), 1861-1870.
  4. Barbay, S., Plautz, E. J., Friel, K. M., Frost, S. B., Dancause, N., Stowe, A. M., et al. (2006). Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of delayed training following a small ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys. Experimental Brain Research, 169(1), 106-116.
  5. Barker, A. T., Freeston, I. L., Jalinous, R., & Jarratt, J. A. (1987). Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: An introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. Neurosurgery, 20(1), 100-109.
  6. Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., & Freeston, I. L. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet, 1(8437), 1106-1107.
  7. Barr, M. S., Farzan, F., Rusjan, P. M., Chen, R., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2009). Potentiation of gamma oscillatory activity through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(11), 2359-2367.
  8. Becker, J. T., Mintun, M. A., Aleva, K., Wiseman, M. B., Nichols, T., & DeKosky, S. T. (1996). Compensatory reallocation of brain resources supporting verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 46(3), 692-700.
  9. Bestmann, S., Ruff, C. C., Blankenburg, F., Weiskopf, N., Driver, J., & Rothwell, J. C. (2008). Mapping causal interregional influences with concurrent TMS-fMRI. Experimental Brain Research, 191(4), 383-402.
  10. Binkofski, F., Seitz, R. J., Arnold, S., Classen, J., Benecke, R., & Freund, H. J. (1996). Thalamic metabolism and corticospinal tract integrity determine motor recovery in stroke. Annals of Neurology, 39(4), 460-470.
  11. Blake, D. T., Heiser, M. A., Caywood, M., & Merzenich, M. M. (2006). Experience-dependent adult cortical plasticity requires cognitive association between sensation and reward. Neuron, 52(2), 371-381.
  12. Bocchio-Chiavetto, L., Miniussi, C., Zanardini, R., Gazzoli, A., Bignotti, S., Specchia, C., et al. (2008). 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and response to rTMS treatment in drug resistant depression. Neuroscience Letters, 437(2), 130-134.
  13. Boroojerdi, B., Phipps, M., Kopylev, L., Wharton, C. M., Cohen, L. G., & Grafman, J. (2001). Enhancing analogic reasoning with rTMS over the left prefrontal cortex. Neurology, 56(4), 526-528.
  14. Brighina, F., Bisiach, E., Oliveri, M., Piazza, A., La Bua, V., Daniele, O., et al. (2003). 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere ameliorates contralesional visuospatial neglect in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 336(2), 131-133.
  15. Cappa, S. F., Sandrini, M., Rossini, P. M., Sosta, K., & Miniussi, C. (2002). The role of the left frontal lobe in action naming: rTMS evidence. Neurology, 59(5), 720-723.
  16. Carmichael, S. T. (2006). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural repair after stroke: Making waves. Annals of Neurology, 59(5), 735-742.
  17. Cheeran, B., Talelli, P., Mori, F., Koch, G., Suppa, A., Edwards, M., et al. (2008). A common polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) modulates human cortical plasticity and the response to rTMS. Journal of Physiology, 586(Pt 23), 5717-5725.
  18. Cicinelli, P., Traversa, R., & Rossini, P. M. (1997). Post-stroke reorganization of brain motor output to the hand: A 2 -4 month follow-up with focal magnetic transcranial stimulation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 105(6), 438-450.
  19. Clarkson, A. N., & Carmichael, S. T. (2009). Cortical excitability and post-stroke recovery. Biochemical Society Transactions, 37(Pt 6), 1412-1414.
  20. Classen, J., Wolters, A., Stefan, K., Wycislo, M., Sandbrink, F., Schmidt, A., et al. (2004). Paired associative stimulation. Supplemental Clinical Neurophysiology, 57, 563-569.
  21. Cotelli, M., Calabria, M., Manenti, R., Rosini, S., Zanetti, O., Cappa, S. F., et al. (2011). Improved language performance in Alzheimer disease following brain stimulation. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.197848 · DOI
  22. Cotelli, M., Fertonani, A., Miozzo, A., Rosini, S., Manenti, R., Padovani, A., et al. (2011). Anomia training and brain stimulation in chronic aphasia. Neuropsychological Rehabilita- tion, 21(5), 717-741.
  23. Counter, S. A., Borg, E., & Olofsson, A. (1993). Oto-traumatic effects of computer simulated magnetic coil impulse noise: Analysis of mechanisms. Acta Otolaryngology, 113(6), 699-705.
  24. Couturier, J. L. (2005). Efficacy of rapid-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 30(2), 83-90.
  25. de Sauvage, R. C., Lagroye, I., Billaudel, B., & Veyret, B. (2008). Evaluation of the potential genotoxic effects of rTMS on the rat brain and current density mapping. Clinical Neurophy- siology, 119(2), 482-491.
  26. Di Lazzaro, V., Restuccia, D., Oliviero, A., Profice, P., Ferrara, L., Insola, A., et al. (1998). Effects of voluntary contraction on descending volleys evoked by transcranial stimulation in conscious humans. Journal of Physiology, 508(Pt 2), 625-633.
  27. Di Lazzaro, V., Thickbroom, G. W., Pilato, F., Profice, P., Dileone, M., Mazzone, P., et al. (2007). Direct demonstration of the effects of repetitive paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation at I-wave periodicity. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(6), 1193-1197.
  28. Drager, B., Breitenstein, C., Helmke, U., Kamping, S., & Knecht, S. (2004). Specific and non- specific effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on picture-word verification. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20(6), 1681-1687.
  29. Ebert, U., & Ziemann, U. (1999). Altered seizure susceptibility after high-frequency transcra- nial magnetic stimulation in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 273(3), 155-158.
  30. Egan, M. F., Kojima, M., Callicott, J. H., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Bertolino, A., et al. (2003). The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell, 112(2), 257-269.
  31. Finocchiaro, C., Maimone, M., Brighina, F., Piccoli, T., Giglia, G., & Fierro, B. (2006). A case study of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Improvement on verbs after rTMS treatment. Neurocase, 12(6), 317-321.
  32. Fitzgerald, P. B., Benitez, J., Oxley, T., Daskalakis, J. Z., de Castella, A. R., & Kulkarni, J. (2005). A study of the effects of lorazepam and dextromethorphan on the response to cortical 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroreport, 16(13), 1525-1528.
  33. Fitzgerald, P. B., Fountain, S., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2006). A comprehensive review of the effects of rTMS on motor cortical excitability and inhibition. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(12), 2584-2596.
  34. Fleischmann, A., Hirschmann, S., Dolberg, O. T., Dannon, P. N., & Grunhaus, L. (1999). Chronic treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inhibits seizure induction by electroconvulsive shock in rats. Biological Psychiatry, 45(6), 759-763.
  35. Fleischmann, A., Prolov, K., Abarbanel, J., & Belmaker, R. H. (1995). The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation of rat brain on behavioral models of depression. Brain Research, 699(1), 130-132.
  36. Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2006). Hand motor recovery after stroke: Tuning the orchestra to improve hand motor function. Cognitive Behavioural Neurology, 19(1), 21-33.
  37. Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Technology insight: non-invasive brain stimulation in neurology-perspectives on the therapeutic potential of rTMS and tDCS. Nature Clinical Practice Neurology, 3(7), 383-393.
  38. George, M. S., Padberg, F., Schlaepfer, T. E., O'Reardon, J. P., Fitzgerald, P. B., Nahas, Z. H., et al. (2009). Controversy: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation shows efficacy in treating psychiatric diseases (depression, mania, schizophrenia, obsessive -compulsive disorder, panic, posttraumatic stress dis- order). Brain Stimulation, 2(1), 14-21.
  39. Gershon, A. A., Dannon, P. N., & Grunhaus, L. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(5), 835-845.
  40. Godlevsky, L. S., Kobolev, E. V., van Luijtelaar, E. L., Coenen, A. M., Stepanenko, K. I., & Smirnov, I. V. (2006). Influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation on spike-wave dis- charges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 44(12), 949-954.
  41. Hamada, M., Terao, Y., Hanajima, R., Shirota, Y., Nakatani-Enomoto, S., Furubayashi, T., et al. (2008). Bidirectional long-term motor cortical plasticity and metaplasticity induced by quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Journal of Physiology, 586(16), 3927-3947.
  42. Hamada, M., & Ugawa, Y. (2010). Quadripulse stimulation: A new patterned rTMS. Restor Neurology Neuroscience, 28(4), 419-424.
  43. Harris, I. M., Benito, C. T., Ruzzoli, M., & Miniussi, C. (2008). Effects of right parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation on object identification and orientation judgments. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(5), 916-926.
  44. Harris, J. A., Clifford, C. W., & Miniussi, C. (2008). The functional effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Signal suppression or neural noise generation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(4), 734-740.
  45. Hebb, D. O. (1949). The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. New York: Wiley.
  46. Hilgetag, C. C., Theoret, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2001). Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced 'virtual lesions' of human parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 4(9), 953-957.
  47. Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005). Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron, 45(2), 201-206.
  48. Hummel, F. C., & Cohen, L. G. (2006). Non-invasive brain stimulation: A new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? Lancet Neurology, 5(8), 708-712.
  49. Ilmoniemi, R. J., Virtanen, J., Ruohonen, J., Karhu, J., Aronen, H. J., Naatanen, R., et al. (1997). Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and connectivity. Neu- roreport, 8(16), 3537-3540.
  50. Kakuda, W., Abo, M., Kaito, N., Watanabe, M., & Senoo, A. (2010). Functional MRI-based therapeutic rTMS strategy for aphasic stroke patients: A case series pilot study. Inter- national Journal of Neuroscience, 120(1), 60-66.
  51. Kammer, T., & Baumann, L. W. (2010). Phosphene thresholds evoked with single and double TMS pulses. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121(3), 376-379.
  52. Kim, Y. H., Min, S. J., Ko, M. H., Park, J. W., Jang, S. H., & Lee, P. K. (2005). Facilitating visuospatial attention for the contralateral hemifield by repetitive TMS on the posterior parietal cortex. NeuroscienceLetters, 382(3), 280-285.
  53. Kirschen, M. P., Davis-Ratner, M. S., Jerde, T. E., Schraedley-Desmond, P., & Desmond, J. E. (2006). Enhancement of phonological memory following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Behav Neurology, 17(3-4), 187-194.
  54. Kleim, J. A., Bruneau, R., VandenBerg, P., MacDonald, E., Mulrooney, R., & Pocock, D. (2003). Motor cortex stimulation enhances motor recovery and reduces peri-infarct dysfunction following ischemic insult. Neurology Research, 25(8), 789-793. 596
  55. Kleim, J. A., Chan, S., Pringle, E., Schallert, K., Procaccio, V., Jimenez, R., et al. (2006). BDNF val66met polymorphism is associated with modified experience-dependent plasticity in human motor cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9(6), 735-737.
  56. Klimesch, W., Sauseng, P., & Gerloff, C. (2003). Enhancing Cognitive performance with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at human individual alpha frequency. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17(5), 1129-1133.
  57. Kobayashi, M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurology, 2(3), 145-156.
  58. Kohler, S., Paus, T., Buckner, R. L., & Milner, B. (2004). Effects of left inferior prefrontal stimulation on episodic memory formation: A two-stage fMRI-rTMS study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(2), 178-188.
  59. Komssi, S., & Kahkonen, S. (2006). The novelty value of the combined use of electroencepha- lography and transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuroscience research. Brain Research Reviews, 52(1), 183-192.
  60. Krings, T., Buchbinder, B. R., Butler, W. E., Chiappa, K. H., Jiang, H. J., Rosen, B. R., et al. (1997). Stereotactic transcranial magnetic stimulation: Correlation with direct electrical cortical stimulation. Neurosurgery, 41(6), 1319-1325, discussion 1325 -1316.
  61. Liepert, J., Bauder, H., Wolfgang, H. R., Miltner, W. H., Taub, E., & Weiller, C. (2000). Treat- ment-induced cortical reorganization after stroke in humans. Stroke, 31(6), 1210-1216.
  62. Liepert, J., Miltner, W. H., Bauder, H., Sommer, M., Dettmers, C., Taub, E., et al. (1998). Motor cortex plasticity during constraint-induced movement therapy in stroke patients. Neuro- science Letters, 250(1), 5-8.
  63. Lu, B. (2003). BDNF and activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Learn Memory, 10(2), 86-98.
  64. Luber, B., Kinnunen, L. H., Rakitin, B. C., Ellsasser, R., Stern, Y., & Lisanby, S. H. (2007). Facilitation of performance in a working memory task with rTMS stimulation of the precuneus: frequency-and time-dependent effects. Brain Research, 1128(1), 120-129.
  65. Maeda, F., Keenan, J. P., Tormos, J. M., Topka, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical Neuro- physiology, 111(5), 800-805.
  66. Mally, J., & Stone, T. W. (2007). New advances in the rehabilitation of CNS diseases applying rTMS. Expert Reviews in Neurotherapy, 7(2), 165-177.
  67. Manenti, R., Tettamanti, M., Cotelli, M., Miniussi, C., & Cappa, S. F. (2010). The neural bases of word encoding and retrieval: A fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain Topography, 22(4), 318-332.
  68. Mariorenzi, R., Zarola, F., Caramia, M. D., Paradiso, C., & Rossini, P. M. (1991). Non-invasive evaluation of central motor tract excitability changes following peripheral nerve stimulation in healthy humans. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 81(2), 90-101.
  69. Martin, P. I., Naeser, M. A., Theoret, H., Tormos, J. M., Nicholas, M., Kurland, J., et al. (2004). Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia. Seminars in Speech Language, 25(2), 181-191.
  70. McIntyre, C. C., Savasta, M., Walter, B. L., & Vitek, J. L. (2004). How does deep brain stimulation work? Present understanding and future questions. Journal of Clinical Neuro- physiology, 21(1), 40-50.
  71. Meinzer, M., Flaisch, T., Breitenstein, C., Wienbruch, C., Elbert, T., & Rockstroh, B. (2008). Functional re-recruitment of dysfunctional brain areas predicts language recovery in chronic aphasia. Neuroimage, 39(4), 2038-2046.
  72. Miltner, W. H., Bauder, H., Sommer, M., Dettmers, C., & Taub, E. (1999). Effects of constraint- induced movement therapy on patients with chronic motor deficits after stroke: A replica- tion. Stroke, 30(3), 586-592.
  73. Miniussi, C., Cappa, S. F., Cohen, L. G., Floel, A., Fregni, F., Nitsche, M. A., et al. (2008). Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation/transcranial direct current stimu- lation in cognitive neurorehabilitation. Brain Stimulation, 1(4), 326-336.
  74. Miniussi, C., Ruzzoli, M., & Walsh, V. (2010). The mechanism of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognition. Cortex, 46(1), 128-130.
  75. Miniussi, C., & Thut, G. (2010). Combining TMS and EEG offers new prospects in cognitive neuroscience. Brain Topogr, 22(4), 249-256.
  76. Mottaghy, F. M., Hungs, M., Brugmann, M., Sparing, R., Boroojerdi, B., Foltys, H., et al. (1999). Facilitation of picture naming after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology, 53(8), 1806-1812.
  77. Naeser, M. A., Martin, P. I., Lundgren, K., Klein, R., Kaplan, J., Treglia, E., et al. (2010). Improved language in a chronic nonfluent aphasia patient after treatment with CPAP and TMS. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 23(1), 29-38.
  78. Naeser, M. A., Martin, P. I., Nicholas, M., Baker, E. H., Seekins, H., Helm-Estabrooks, N., et al. (2005). Improved naming after TMS treatments in a chronic, global aphasia patient: Case report. Neurocase, 11(3), 182-193.
  79. Naeser, M. A., Martin, P. I., Nicholas, M., Baker, E. H., Seekins, H., Kobayashi, M., et al. (2005). Improved picture naming in chronic aphasia after TMS to part of right Broca's area: An open-protocol study. Brain and Language, 93(1), 95-105.
  80. Nakamura, H., Kitagawa, H., Kawaguchi, Y., & Tsuji, H. (1996). Direct and indirect activation of human corticospinal neurons by transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. Neuro- science Letters, 210(1), 45-48.
  81. Nakamura, H., Kitagawa, H., Kawaguchi, Y., & Tsuji, H. (1997). Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans. Journal of Physi- ology, 498(Pt 3), 817-823.
  82. Nardone, R., & Tezzon, F. (2002). Inhibitory and excitatory circuits of cerebral cortex after ischaemic stroke: Prognostic value of the transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electromyogra- phy and Clinical Neurophysiology, 42(3), 131-136.
  83. Nowak, D. A., Grefkes, C., Ameli, M., & Fink, G. R. (2009). Interhemispheric competition after stroke: Brain stimulation to enhance recovery of function of the affected hand. Neuroreh- abilitation and Neural Repair, 23(7), 641-656.
  84. Pasley, B. N., Allen, E. A., & Freeman, R. D. (2009). State-dependent variability of neuronal responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex. Neuron, 62(2), 291-303.
  85. Paulus, W. (2011). Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES -tDCS; tRNS, tACS) methods. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(5), 602-617.
  86. Pennisi, G., Rapisarda, G., Bella, R., Calabrese, V., Maertens De Noordhout, A., & Delwaide, P. J. (1999). Absence of response to early transcranial magnetic stimulation in ischemic stroke patients: Prognostic value for hand motor recovery. Stroke, 30(12), 2666-2670.
  87. Plautz, E. J., Barbay, S., Frost, S. B., Friel, K. M., Dancause, N., Zoubina, E. V., et al. (2003). Post- infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training: A feasibility study in primates. Neurology Research, 25(8), 801-810. 598
  88. Post, A., Muller, M. B., Engelmann, M., & Keck, M. E. (1999). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats: Evidence for a neuroprotective effect in vitro and in vivo. European Journal of Neuroscience, 11(9), 3247-3254.
  89. Ridding, M. C., & Rothwell, J. C. (2007). Is there a future for therapeutic use of transcranial magnetic stimulation? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(7), 559-567.
  90. Rossi, S., Ferro, M., Cincotta, M., Ulivelli, M., Bartalini, S., Miniussi, C., et al. (2007). A real electro-magnetic placebo (REMP) device for sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(3), 709-716.
  91. Rossi, S., Rossini, P. M. (2004). TMS in cognitive plasticity and the potential for rehabilitation. Trends in Cognitive Science, 8(6), 273 -279.
  92. Rossini, P. M., Barker, A. T., Berardelli, A., Caramia, M. D., Caruso, G., Cracco, R. Q., et al. (1994). Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN commit- tee. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 91(2), 79-92.
  93. Rossini, P. M., Calautti, C., Pauri, F., & Baron, J. C. (2003). Post-stroke plastic reorganisation in the adult brain. Lancet Neurology, 2(8), 493-502.
  94. Rossini, P. M., Caramia, M., & Zarola, F. (1987). Central motor tract propagation in man: Studies with non-invasive, unifocal, scalp stimulation. Brain Research, 415(2), 211-225.
  95. Rossini, P. M., Desiato, M. T., & Caramia, M. D. (1992). Age-related changes of motor evoked potentials in healthy humans: Non-invasive evaluation of central and peripheral motor tracts excitability and conductivity. Brain Research, 593(1), 14-19.
  96. Rossini, P. M., & Rossi, S. (1998). Clinical applications of motor evoked potentials. Electroen- cephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 106(3), 180-194.
  97. Rossini, P. M., & Rossi, S. (2007). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Diagnostic, therapeutic, and research potential. Neurology, 68(7), 484-488.
  98. Rossini, P. M., Rossini, L., & Ferreri, F. (2010). Brain-behavior relations: Transcranial mag- netic stimulation. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 29(1), 84-95.
  99. Roth, Y., Zangen, A., & Hallett, M. (2002). A coil design for transcranial magnetic stimulation of deep brain regions. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 19(4), 361-370.
  100. Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Dick, J. P., & Marsden, C. D. (1987). Some experiences of techniques for stimulation of the human cerebral motor cortex through the scalp. Neurosurgery, 20(1), 156-163.
  101. Ruzzoli, M., Marzi, C. A., & Miniussi, C. (2010). The neural mechanisms of the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on perception. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103(6), 2982-2989.
  102. Sack, A. T., & Linden, D. E. (2003). Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and func- tional imaging in Cognitive brain research: possibilities and limitations. Brain Research Reviews, 43(1), 41-56.
  103. Sack, A. T., Kadosh, R. C., Schuhmann, T., Moerel, M., Walsh, V., & Goebel, R. (2009). Optimizing functional accuracy of TMS in cognitive studies: A comparison of methods. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 207-221.
  104. Sandrini, M., Umilta, C., & Rusconi, E. (2011). The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in Cognitive neuroscience: A new synthesis of methodological issues. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 5(3), 516-536.
  105. Schabitz, W. R., Berger, C., Kollmar, R., Seitz, M., Tanay, E., Kiessling, M., et al. (2004). Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment and forced arm use on functional motor recovery after small cortical ischemia. Stroke, 35(4), 992-997.
  106. Shindo, K., Sugiyama, K., Huabao, L., Nishijima, K., Kondo, T., & Izumi, S. (2006). Long-term effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the unaffected posterior parietal cortex in patients with unilateral spatial neglect. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 38(1), 65-67.
  107. Silvanto, J., Muggleton, N. G., Cowey, A., & Walsh, V. (2007). Neural activation state deter- mines behavioral susceptibility to modified theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26(2), 523-528.
  108. Silvanto, J., Muggleton, N., & Walsh, V. (2008). State-dependency in brain stimulation studies of perception and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Science, 12(12), 447-454.
  109. Sommer, M., Tergau, F., Wischer, S., & Paulus, W. (2001). Paired-pulse repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 139(4), 465-472.
  110. Sparing, R., Mottaghy, F. M., Hungs, M., Brugmann, M., Foltys, H., Huber, W., et al. (2001). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects on language function depend on the stimulation parameters. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 18(4), 326-330.
  111. Stefan, K., Kunesch, E., Benecke, R., Cohen, L. G., & Classen, J. (2002). Mechanisms of enhancement of human motor cortex excitability induced by interventional paired associat- ive stimulation. Journal of Physiology, 543(Pt 2), 699-708.
  112. Takeuchi, N., Tada, T., Toshima, M., Matsuo, Y., & Ikoma, K. (2009). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over bilateral hemispheres enhances motor function and training effect of paretic hand in patients after stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(13), 1049-1054.
  113. Talelli, P., & Rothwell, J. (2006). Does brain stimulation after stroke have a future? Current Opinion in Neurology, 19(6), 543-550.
  114. Thickbroom, G. W., Sammut, R., & Mastaglia, F. L. (1998). Magnetic stimulation mapping of motor cortex: Factors contributing to map area. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 109(2), 79-84.
  115. Thielscher, A., & Kammer, T. (2004). Electric field properties of two commercial figure-8 coils in TMS: Calculation of focality and efficiency. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115(7), 1697-1708.
  116. Thut, G., & Miniussi, C. (2009). New insights into rhythmic brain activity from TMS-EEG studies. Trends in Cognitive Science, 13(4), 182-189.
  117. Traversa, R., Cicinelli, P., Bassi, A., Rossini, P. M., & Bernardi, G. (1997). Mapping of motor cortical reorganization after stroke. A brain stimulation study with focal magnetic pulses. Stroke, 28(1), 110-117.
  118. Vallar, G., & Bolognini, N. (2011). Behavioural facilitation following brain stimulation: Implications for neurorehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(5), 618-649.
  119. Virtanen, J., Ruohonen, J., Naatanen, R., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (1999). Instrumentation for the measurement of electric brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 37(3), 322-326.
  120. Walsh, V., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2003). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neurochrono- metrics of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Mit Press.
  121. Wang, H., Wang, X., & Scheich, H. (1996). LTD and LTP induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in auditory cortex. Neuroreport, 7(2), 521-525.
  122. Ward, N. S., & Cohen, L. G. (2004). Mechanisms underlying recovery of motor function after stroke. Archives in Neurology, 61(12), 1844-1848.
  123. Wassermann, E. M., Epstein, C., Ziemann, U., Walsh, V., Paus, T., & Lisanby, S. (2008). Hand- book of Transcranial Stimulation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  124. Wassermann, E. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2001). Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A review. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(8), 1367-1377.
  125. Waterston, M. L., & Pack, C. C. (2010). Improved discrimination of visual stimuli following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Public Library of Science: One, 5(4), e10354.
  126. Wittenberg, G. F., Chen, R., Ishii, K., Bushara, K. O., Eckloff, S., Croarkin, E., et al. (2003). Constraint-induced therapy in stroke: Magnetic-stimulation motor maps and cerebral acti- vation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 17(1), 48-57.
  127. Zangen, A., Roth, Y., Voller, B., & Hallett, M. (2005). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of deep brain regions: Evidence for efficacy of the H-coil. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116(4), 775-779.
  128. Zhang, X., Mei, Y., Liu, C., & Yu, S. (2007). Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the expression of c-Fos and brain-derived neurotrophic factor of the cerebral cortex in rats with cerebral infarct. Journal of Huazhong University Science, Technology and Medical Science, 27(4), 415-418.
  129. Ziemann, U., Chen, R., Cohen, L. G., & Hallett, M. (1998). Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex. Neurology, 51(5), 1320-1324.
  130. Ziemann, U., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1998). Mechanisms of deafferentation-induced plasticity in human motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 18(17), 7000-7007.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Miniussi, C., & Rossini, P. M.
Affiliations
  • Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli (IT)
  • Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
Corresponding author
Miniussi, Carlo
ORCID
Venue
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2011-10
Volume
21
Issue
5
Pages
579-601
ISSN
  • 0960-2011 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0694
DOI
10.1080/09602011.2011.562689
OpenAlex
W2135814006
Cited by
94
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI
5.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Neuropsychological Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, cognitive rehabilitation, neuroplasticity, brain damage, cognitive recovery, neuronal excitability, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive neurorehabilitation
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain Injuries, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurosciences, Recovery of Function, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review