Access to sanitation and violence against women: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data in Kenya.
Abstract
Violence against women (VAW) is a serious public health and human rights concern. Literature suggests sanitation conditions in developing countries may be potential neighborhood-level risk factors contributing to VAW, and that this association may be more important in highly socially disorganized neighborhoods. This study analyzed 2008 Kenya Demographic Health Survey's data and found women who primarily practice open defecation (OD), particularly in disorganized communities, had higher odds of experiencing recent non-partner violence. This study provides quantitative evidence of an association between sanitation and VAW that is attracting increasing attention in media and scholarly literature throughout Kenya and other developing countries.
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Research using Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data found women who defecated in the open had 40% greater odds of having experienced non-partner sexual and/or physical violence in the previous year compared to women who did not.
“Research using Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data found women who defecated in the open had 40% greater odds of having experienced non-partner sexual and/or physical violence in the previous year compared to women who did not [269].”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [269]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Winter, S. C., & Barchi, F.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Winter, Samantha C.
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-11-22
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291-305
- ISSN
- 0960-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1619
- OpenAlex
- W2209309225
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Keywords
- violence against women, sanitation, open defecation, non-partner violence, risk factors for intimate partner violence, Kenya
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Developing Countries, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Health Surveys, Humans, Kenya, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sanitation, Socioeconomic Factors, Violence, Young Adult
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